Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Alfred O. C. Nier
Born May 28, 1911
St. Paul, Minnesota
Died May 16, 1994
Nationality American
Fields Physicist
Institutions University of Minnesota

Alfred Otto Carl Nier (May 28, 1911 - May 16, 1994) was an American physicist who pioneered the development of mass spectrometry and used it in innovative ways to establish some major scientific results. Saint Paul ( abbreviated St Paul) is the capital and second most populous city in the U The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning The University of Minnesota Twin Cities ( U of M or The U) is the oldest and largest part of the University of Minnesota system. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that identifies the chemical composition of a compound or sample based on the Mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles

Contents

Life

Early career

Born St. Paul, Minnesota, Nier showed an early ability in mathematics and science, coupled with an aptitude for craft and mechanical work. Saint Paul ( abbreviated St Paul) is the capital and second most populous city in the U Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding Nier's German immigrant parents had little education or financial resources but their determination for his development meant that he was able to attend the nearby University of Minnesota. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term The University of Minnesota Twin Cities ( U of M or The U) is the oldest and largest part of the University of Minnesota system. Though he graduated in electrical engineering in 1931, the lack of engineering jobs during the Great Depression encouraged him to take up graduate study in physics. Electrical engineering, sometimes referred to as electrical and electronic engineering, is a field of Engineering that deals with the study and application of Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Physics (Greek Physis - φύσις in everyday terms is the Science of Matter and its motion. Nier's graduate research started his involvement in mass spectrometry. [1]

Harvard

In 1936, his spectroscopic skills won him a fellowship and substantial grant at Harvard University. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. His work there led to the 1938 publication of measurements of the relative abundance of the isotopes of uranium, measurements that were used by Fritz Houtermans and Arthur Holmes in the 1940s to estimate the age of the Earth. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Isotopes (Greek isos = "equal" tópos = "site place" are any of the different types of atoms ( Nuclides Uranium (jʊˈreɪniəm is a silvery-gray Metallic Chemical element in the Friedrich Georg "Fritz" Houtermans ( January 22, 1903 &ndash March 1, 1966) was an atomic and nuclear Arthur Holmes ( January 14 1890 &ndash September 20 1965) was a British Geologist. The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949 Events and trends The 1940s was a period between the radical 1930s and the conservative 1950s which also leads the period to be EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 [1]

The Manhattan Project

Nier returned to Minnesota in 1938 to be near his ageing parents. In 1940, on the request of Enrico Fermi, he and a few students, including Edward Ney, prepared a pure sample of uranium-235 using an early mass spectrograph designed by Nier himself,[2] for John R. Dunning's team at Columbia University. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Uranium-235 is an isotope of uranium that differs from the element's other common isotope Uranium-238, by its ability to cause a rapidly expanding fission John Ray Dunning ( September 24, 1907 in Shelby Nebraska - August 25, 1975 in Key Biscayne Florida) was an American Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. On the day of its receipt (it was sent by US Postal Mail), Dunning's team was able to demonstrate that U-235 was the isotope responsible for nuclear fission, rather than the more abundant uranium-238. Isotopes (Greek isos = "equal" tópos = "site place" are any of the different types of atoms ( Nuclides Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into parts (lighter nuclei) often producing Free neutrons and other smaller nuclei which may Uranium-238 (U-238 is the most common isotope of Uranium found in nature Confirmation of this suspected fact was a critical step in the development of the atomic bomb. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. [1]

From 1943 to 1945, Nier worked with Kellex Corporation in New York on the design and development of efficient and effective mass spectrometers for use in the Manhattan Project to build the atomic bomb in World War II. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The World War II Manhattan Project developed the first Nuclear weapon (atomic bomb World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including [1]

Later work

After the war, he returned to Minnesota where he worked on geochronology, the upper atmosphere, space science and noble gases. In the Natural sciences under the umbrella of Natural history, Geochronology is the Science of determining the absolute age of rocks, Fossils Temperature and layers The temperature of the Earth's atmosphere varies with altitude the mathematical relationship between temperature and altitude varies among five Space science is an all-encompassing term that describes all of the various science fields that are concerned with the study of the Universe, generally also meaning "excluding History Noble gas is translated from the German noun de ''Edelgas'' first used in 1898 by Hugo Erdmann to indicate their extremely low level of reactivity [1]

Active to the end of his life, he died two weeks after being paralysed in a motor accident. Paralysed redirects here For other uses see xx Paralysed (disambiguation Paralysis is the complete loss of Muscle function [1]

Honors

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Reynolds (1998)
  2. ^ Nier Mass Spectrograph. NMAH. Retrieved on 2008-05-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.
  3. ^ Mars Nomenclature: Crater, craters. Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. USGS: Astrogeology Research Program. Retrieved on 2007-08-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting
  4. ^ a b Mauersberger (1999)

Bibliography

External links



Persondata
NAME Nier, Alfred O. C.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION American Physicist
DATE OF BIRTH May 28, 1911
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Paul, Minnesota
DATE OF DEATH May 16, 1994
PLACE OF DEATH
The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A physicist is a Scientist who studies or practices Physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning Saint Paul ( abbreviated St Paul) is the capital and second most populous city in the U
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic