Alfred L. Kroeber
Alfred L. Kroeber with Ishi in 1911. Ishi (c 1860 – March 25, 1916) was the Pseudonym of the last member of the Yahi, in turn the last surviving group of the Yana people
Born	June 11, 1876 Hoboken, New Jersey
Died	October 5, 1960
Education	Columbia University
Occupation	Anthropologist
Spouse	(2) Theodora Kracaw
Children	Karl, Ursula, Ted, Clifton. Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of Theodora Kracaw Kroeber Quinn ( March 24, 1897 - July 4, 1979) was a writer and anthropologist, best known for her accounts of Karl Kroeber (born 1926 is a literary scholar perhaps known best as a writer on American Indian literature Ursula Kroeber Le Guin (ˈɝsələ ˈkroʊbɚ ləˈgwɪn (born October 21, 1929) is an American author

Alfred Louis Kroeber (June 11, 1876–October 5, 1960) was one of the most influential figures in American anthropology in the first half of the twentieth century. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of The twentieth century of the Common Era began on

Kroeber was born in Hoboken, New Jersey and attended Columbia College at the age of 16, earning an A. Hoboken is a city in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. B. in English in 1896, and an M. A. in Romantic drama in 1897. He received his doctorate under Franz Boas at Columbia University in 1901, basing his dissertation on decorative symbolism on his field work among the Arapaho. Franz Boas ( July 9, 1858 &ndash December 21, 1942) was a German - American anthropologist and a pioneer of modern Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The Arapaho (in French: Gens de Vache) tribe of Native Americans historically living on the eastern plains of Colorado and Wyoming It was the first doctorate in anthropology awarded by Columbia. He spent most of his career in California, primarily at the University of California, Berkeley where he worked as both a Professor of Anthropology and the Director of what was then The University of California Museum of Anthropology (now the Phoebe A. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The University of California Berkeley (also referred to as Cal, Berkeley and UC Berkeley) is a major research university located in Berkeley Hearst Museum of Anthropology). The anthropology department's headquarters building at the University of California is known as Kroeber Hall. He was associated with Berkeley until his retirement in 1946.

Although he is known primarily as a cultural anthropologist, he did significant work in archaeology, and he contributed to anthropology by making connections between archaeology and culture. Cultural anthropology is one of four fields of Anthropology (the holistic study of humanity) as it developed in the United States. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos He conducted excavations in New Mexico, Mexico, and Peru. New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. Kroeber and his students did important work collecting cultural data on western tribes of Native Americans. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The work done in preserving information about California tribes appeared in Handbook of Indians of California (1925). These efforts to preserve remaining data on these tribes has been termed "Salvage ethnography. Salvage ethnography is a branch of Ethnography concerned with the practice of salvaging a record of what was left of a culture before it disappeared " He is credited with developing the concepts of Culture Area and Culture Configuration (Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America, 1939). A cultural area or culture area is a Region ( Area) with one relatively homogeneous human activity or complex of activities ( Culture

His influence was so strong that many contemporaries adopted his style of beard and mustache as well as his views as a social scientist. During his lifetime, he was known as the "Dean of American anthropologists". His anthropological paradigms have introduced the word Kroeberian into the English language. The word paradigm ( Greek:παράδειγμα (paradigmacomposite from para- and the verb δείχνυμι "to show" as a whole -roughly- meaning "example" Kroeber and Roland Dixon were very influential in the genetic classification of Native American languages in North America, being responsible for groupings such as Penutian and Hokan. Indigenous languages of the Americas (or Amerindian Languages are spoken by indigenous peoples from the southern tip of South America to Alaska and Penutian is a proposed grouping of language families that includes many Native American languages of western North America, predominantly spoken at one The Hokan language family is a hypothetical grouping of a dozen small language families spoken in California and Mexico. He is noted for working with Ishi, who was claimed (though not uncontroversially) to be the last California Yahi Indian. Ishi (c 1860 – March 25, 1916) was the Pseudonym of the last member of the Yahi, in turn the last surviving group of the Yana people California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. His second wife, Theodora Kroeber, wrote a well-known biography of Ishi, Ishi in Two Worlds. Theodora Kracaw Kroeber Quinn ( March 24, 1897 - July 4, 1979) was a writer and anthropologist, best known for her accounts of Kroeber's relationship with Ishi was made into a film The Last of His Tribe (1992), starring Jon Voigt as Kroeber. Jonathan Vincent Voight (born December 29 1938 is an Academy Award -winning American film Actor. His textbook, Anthropology (1923, 1948), was widely used for years, and was one of ten books required for all students during their first year at Columbia in the late 1940s.

Kroeber was father of the academic Karl Kroeber and the writer (primarily of fantasy and science fiction) Ursula K. Le Guin by his second wife, Theodora. Karl Kroeber (born 1926 is a literary scholar perhaps known best as a writer on American Indian literature Fantasy is a Genre that uses magic and other Supernatural forms as a primary element of plot, theme, and/or setting Ursula Kroeber Le Guin (ˈɝsələ ˈkroʊbɚ ləˈgwɪn (born October 21, 1929) is an American author He also adopted the two children of Theodora's first marriage, Ted and historian Clifton Kroeber. Clifton and Karl recently (2003) edited a book together on the Ishi case, Ishi in Three Centuries. This is the first scholarly book on Ishi to contain essays by Indians.

Partial list of works

• Indian Myths of South Central California (1907), in University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 4:167-250. Berkeley (Six Rumsien Costanoan myths, pp. 199-202); online at Sacred Texts.
• The Religion of the Indians of California (1907), in University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 4:6. Berkeley, sections titled "Shamanism", "Public Ceremonies", "Ceremonial Structures and Paraphernalia", and "Mythology and Beliefs"; available at Sacred Texts
• Handbook of the Indians of California (1925). Washington, D. C: Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78.

References

External links

• Sex in Natural History (talk at UC Berkeley, 1956) (online audio recording)
• American Ethnography -- Kroeber's obituary, written by Julian H. Steward

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