Alfonso II (Aragon) or Alfons I (Provence and Barcelona) (1152 – 1196), called the Chaste or the Troubadour, was the King of Aragon and Count of Barcelona from 1162 until his death. This is a list of the rulers of Aragon, now a region of north-eastern Spain. The Count of Barcelona was the major ruler in Catalonia from the 9th until the 17th century He was the son of Ramon Berenguer IV of Barcelona and Petronilla of Aragon and the first King of Aragon who was also Count of Barcelona. Ramon Berenguer IV Count of Barcelona also called Ramon the Holy (c Petronila, Petronilla, or Petronella ( Aragonese and Peronella Petronila Ramírez (1135 &ndash October 17 1174, Barcelona He is thus sometimes called, like his successors, especially by Catalan historians, the "count-king". He was also Count of Provence from 1167, when he unchivalrously wrested it from the heiress Douce II, until 1173, when he ceded it to his brother Berenguer. The land of Provence has a history quite separate from that of any of the larger nations of Europe. Douce II (also Dulcia or Dolça) (died 1172 was the daughter of Ramon Berenguer II Count of Provence, and Richeza of Poland. Ramon Berenguer III (c1158 &ndash 5 April 1181) was the Count of Cerdanya (1162 &ndash 1168 as Peter, and Count of Provence (1173 His reign has been characterised by nationalistic and nostalgic Catalan historians, with little following, as l'engrandiment occitànic or "the Pyrenean unity": a great scheme to unite all the Occitan-Catalan speaking lands on both sides of the Pyrenees under the rule of the House of Barcelona. Occitan ( IPA BrE: /ˈɒksɪtn/ AmE: /ˈɑksəˌtɑn/ known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native name occitan Catalan ˈkætəˌlæn ( català kətəˈla or) is a Romance language, the national and official language of Andorra, and a co-official The Pyrenees (Pirineos French: Pyrénées; Catalan: Pirineus; Occitan: Pirenèus; Aragonese: Perinés The House of Barcelona ( Casa d'Aragona in Italian history) was a medieval dynasty that ruled the County of Barcelona continuously from 878 and the [1]
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Reign
Born Raymond Berengar (Ramon Berenguer), he ascended the united throne of Aragon and Barcelona as Alfonso, changing his name in deference to the Aragonese, to honour Alfonso I. Alfonso I (1073/1074 &ndash 8 September 1134) called el Batallador, the Battler or the Warrior, was the king of Aragón
For most of his reign he was allied with Alfonso VIII of Castile, both against Navarre and against the Moorish taifa kingdoms of the south. Alfonso VIII ( 11 November 1155 &ndash 5 October 1214) called the Noble or Él de las Navas, was the King The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent A taifa (from طائفة ṭā'ifa, plural طوائف ṭawā'if) in the history of Iberia was an independent Muslim -ruled principality In his Reconquista effort Alfonso pushed as far as Teruel, conquering this important stronghold on the road to Valencia in 1171. The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period Teruel is a city in Aragon, Spain, the capital of Teruel Province. Valencia ( Valencian: València, Valencia Spanish phonology --> is the capital of the Spanish autonomous The same year saw him capturing Caspe. Caspe is a historic town and Municipality in the province of Zaragoza, in the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain.
Apart from common interests, kings of Aragon and Castile were united by a formal bond of vassalage the former owed to the latter. Besides, on January 18, 1174 in Saragossa Alfonso married Infanta Sancha of Castile, sister of the Castilian king. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Zaragoza, also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza province and of the autonomous community and former Infanta Sancha of Castile ( September 21 1154 or 1155 &ndash November 9 1208, Sijena) was the only child of King Alfonso
Another milestone in this alliance was the Treaty of Cazorla the two kings in 1179, delineating zones of conquest in the south along the watershed of rivers Júcar and Segura. The Treaty of Cazorla (or Treaty of Cazola) was signed in 1179 in Soria between Alfonso II of Aragon and Alfonso VIII of Castile. The Júcar is a river on the Iberian Peninsula of Spain. The river runs for approximately 509 km from the Universales Mountains to Cullera Segura ( Latin Thader, Arabic War-Alabiat, Spanish and Catalan Segura) is a medium-sized Southern areas of Valencia including Denia were thus secured to Aragon. Dénia (in Catalan; Spanish: Denia) is the judicial seat of the ''comarca'' of Marina Alta, in the province of Alicante
During his reign Catalonian influence north of the Pyrenees reached its zenith. Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. The Pyrenees (Pirineos French: Pyrénées; Catalan: Pirineus; Occitan: Pirenèus; Aragonese: Perinés His realms incorporated not only Provence, but also the counties of Cerdanya and Roussillon (inherited in 1172). Provence ( Provençal Occitan: Provença in classical norm or Prouvènço in Mistralian norm is a region of southeastern France Cerdanya (Ceritania Cerdagne Cerdaña is a small region of the eastern Pyrenees divided between France and Spain and which is historically one of the Roussillon ( French: Roussillon, ʀusiˈjɔ̃ Catalan: Rosselló, pronounced; Spanish: Rosellón, pronounced) is Béarn and Bigorre paid homage to him in 1187. This article is about the former French province for the warship see French aircraft carrier Béarn Béarn ( Gascon: Bearn Bigorre ( Gascon: Bigòrra) is region in southwest France, historically an independent county and later a French province, located in the upper Alfonso's involvement in the affairs of Languedoc, which would cost the life of his successor, Peter II of Aragon, for the moment proved highly beneficial, strengthening Catalonian trade and stimulating emigration from the north to colonise the newly reconquered lands in Aragon. Languedoc ( in French Lengadòc in Occitan) is a former Province of France, now continued in the modern-day ''régions'' of Languedoc-Roussillon Peter II of Aragon ( 1174 &ndash September 12 1213) surnamed the Catholic, was the king of Aragon (as Pedro II and count of
In 1186, he helped establish Catalan influence in Sardinia when he supported his cousin Agalbursa, the widow of the deceased Judge of Arborea, Barison II, in placing her grandson, the child of her eldest daughter Ispella, Hugh, on the throne of Arborea in opposition to Peter of Serra. Sardinia (sɑrˈdɪnɪə Sardegna Sardigna or Sardinnya is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily) The Giudici ( iudices or judikes, "judges" of Arborea were the local rulers of the west of Sardinia during the Barison II or Barisone II was the giudice of Arborea, a kingdom of Sardinia, from 1146 to 1186 Hugh I (1178 &ndash 1211 was the son of Ispella di Serra and Hugh I of Bas. The Giudicato of Arborea was one of the four independent hereditary "judicatures" ( Giudicati) into which the island of Sardinia was Peter I (died 1214 of the Serra family, was the eldest son and successor of Barisone II of Arborea, reigning from 1186 to his death
Alfonso II provided the first land grant to the Cistercian monks on the banks of the Ebro River in the Aragon region, which would become the site of the first Cistercian monastery in this region. MONK is a Monte Carlo software package for simulating nuclear processes particularly for the purpose of determining the neutron multiplication factor or k-effective The Ebro ( Ebre) is Spain 's most voluminous river Its source is in Fontibre ( Cantabria) This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. Real Monasterio de Nuestra Senora de Rueda was founded in the year 1202 and utilized some of the first hydrological technology in the region for harnessing water power and river diversion for the purpose of building central heating. Real Monasterio de Nuestra Señora de Rueda (Royal Monastery of Our Lady of the Wheel is an early Cistercian monastery in the Aragon region of Spain. For the Grand Central Records albums see Central Heating (Grand Central album and Central Heating 2.
Literary patronage and poetry
He was a noted poet of his time and a close friend of King Richard the Lionheart. A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" Richard I (8 September 1157 &ndash 6 April 1199 was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death One tensó, apparently composed by him and Giraut de Bornelh, forms part of the poetical debate as to whether a lady is dishonoured by taking a lover who is richer than herself. Giraut de Bornelh (c 1138 &ndash 1215 whose first name is also spelled Guiraut and whose nickname Borneil ( l) or Borneyll, was a Troubadour The debate had been begun by Guilhem de Saint-Leidier and was taken up by Azalais de Porcairagues and Raimbaut of Orange; there was also a partimen on the topic between Dalfi d'Alvernha and Perdigon. Guilhem de Saint-Leidier or Guillem de Saint Deidier was a Troubadour of the 12th century composing in Occitan. Azalais de Porcairagues (also Azalaïs) or Alasais de Porcaragues was a Trobairitz (woman troubadour composing in Occitan in the late 12th Raimbaut of Orange (c 1147 &ndash 1173 or in Occitan Raimbaut d'Aurenga, was the lord of Orange and Aumelas. Jeu parti [[Provençal] joc partit “ Partimen ”] A debate or dialogue in the form of a poem Dauphin d'Auvergne, or in Occitan Dalfi d'Alvernha was Count of Clermont and Montferrand (see Rulers of Auvergne) Troubadour Perdigon or Perdigo (fl 1190&ndash1212 was a Troubadour from Lespéron in the Gabales, Diocese of Gévaudan, modern Lozère.
Alfonso and his love affairs are mentioned in poems by many troubadours, including Guillem de Berguedà (who criticized his dealings with Azalais of Toulouse) and Peire Vidal, who commented on Alfonso's decision to marry Sancha of Castile rather than Eudokia Komnene that he had preferred a poor Castilian maid to the emperor Manuel's golden camel. Azalais of Toulouse (or Alais, or Adelaide of Béziers) was the daughter of count Raymond V of Toulouse and Constance of France Peire Vidal (1175 &ndash 1205 was a Troubadour. According to his Biography, he was the son of a Furrier, and the greatest of singers Infanta Sancha of Castile ( September 21 1154 or 1155 &ndash November 9 1208, Sijena) was the only child of King Alfonso Eudokia Komnene or Eudocia Comnena ( Greek: Ευδοκία Κομνηνή Eudokia Komnēnē) (c For the eldest son of Andronikos I Komnenos and father of Alexios I of Trebizond, see Manuel Komnenos (born 1145.
Marriage and descendants
Wife, Sancha of Castile, daughter of king Alfonso VII of Castile, b. Infanta Sancha of Castile ( September 21 1154 or 1155 &ndash November 9 1208, Sijena) was the only child of King Alfonso Alfonso VII ( 1 March 1105 &ndash 21 August 1157) called the Emperor, became the King of Galicia in 1111 and King 1155 or 1157, d. 1208
- Constance, married Emeric of Hungary and later Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
- Eleanor, married Raymond VI of Toulouse
- Peter the Catholic, successor
- Douce (Dolça), nun
- Alfonso, Count of Provence
- Ferdinand, Abbot of Montearagon, d. Constance of Aragon (b 1179 &ndash d Catania, 23 June, 1222) was an Aragonese princess who was by marriage firstly Queen consort of Hungary and secondly There was also a Hungarian prince and saint named Emeric of Hungary (died 1031 Frederick II ( December 26, 1194 &ndash December 13, 1250) of the Hohenstaufen dynasty was a Pretender to the title Raymond VI of Toulouse ( October 27, 1156 &ndash August 2, 1222) was count of Toulouse and marquis of Provence from 1194 Peter II of Aragon ( 1174 &ndash September 12 1213) surnamed the Catholic, was the king of Aragon (as Pedro II and count of Alfonso II ( 1174- 1 Dec, 1209) was the second son of Alfonso II of Aragon and Sancha of Castile. The land of Provence has a history quite separate from that of any of the larger nations of Europe. Montearagon was a Fortress - Monastery built in the Romanesque style after 1227
- Ramon Berenguer, d. in the 1190s
References
- ^ T. N. Bisson, "The Rise of Catalonia: Identity, Power, and Ideology in a Twelfth-Century Society," Annales: Economies, Sociétés, Civilisations, xxxix (1984), translated in Medieval France and her Pyrenean Neighbours: Studies in Early Institutional History (London: Hambledon, 1989), pp. 179.
| Preceded by Petronila |
King of Aragon 1162-1196 |
Succeeded by Peter II |
| Preceded by Ramon Berenguer IV |
Count of Barcelona 1162-1196 |
|
| Preceded by Douce II of Provence |
Count of Provence 1167-1171 |
Succeeded by Ramon Berenguer III |
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