| Alfred M. Landon | |
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26th Governor of Kansas
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| In office January 9, 1933 – January 11, 1937 |
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| Lieutenant | Charles W. Thompson |
| Preceded by | Harry H. Woodring |
| Succeeded by | Walter A. Huxman |
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| Election date November 3, 1936 |
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| Running mate | Frank Knox |
| Opponent(s) | Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) |
| Incumbent | Franklin D. The Governor of Kansas holds the "supreme executive power" of the State of Kansas as provided by the first article of the Kansas Constitution. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Governor of Kansas holds the "supreme executive power" of the State of Kansas as provided by the first article of the Kansas Constitution. Charles Winston Thompson (1860-1904 was born in 1860 in Tuskegee Alabama. Harry Hines Woodring ( May 31, 1890 September 9, 1967) was a U Walter Augustus Huxman ( February 16, 1887 June 26, 1972) was twenty-seventh Governor of Kansas. The United States presidential election of 1936 took place as the Great Depression entered its eighth year Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. William Franklin "Frank" Knox ( January 1, 1874 &ndash April 28, 1944) was the Secretary of the Navy under Franklin The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Roosevelt (D) |
| Preceded by | Herbert Hoover |
| Succeeded by | Wendell Willkie |
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| Born | September 9, 1887 West Middlesex, Pennsylvania |
| Died | October 12, 1987 (age 100) Topeka, Kansas |
| Political party | Republican |
| Spouse | Margaret Fleming, Theo Cobb |
| Alma mater | University of Kansas |
| Profession | banker, oilman, politician |
| Religion | Methodist |
Alfred "Alf" Mossman Landon (September 9, 1887 – October 12, 1987) was an American Republican politician, who served as Governor of Kansas from 1933-1937. Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10 1874 &ndash October 20 1964 was the thirty-first President of the United States (1929–1933 Wendell Lewis Willkie ( February 18 1892 &ndash October 8 1944) was a corporate lawyer in the United States and the Republican Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common West Middlesex is a borough in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, along the Shenango River. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Topeka ( Kansa: Tó Ppí Kˀé ˌto ˈpːi ˌkˀeɪ Ioway: Dó Pí Kˀé ˌto ˈpʰi ˌkˀeɪ Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU or just Kansas) is a public research university with campuses located in Lawrence, Kansas City Methodism is a movement within Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The History of the United States Republican Party is an account of the second oldest currently existing Political party in the United States A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person The Governor of Kansas holds the "supreme executive power" of the State of Kansas as provided by the first article of the Kansas Constitution. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He was best known as Republican Presidential Nominee, defeated in a landslide by Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1936 presidential election. The United States presidential election of 1936 took place as the Great Depression entered its eighth year
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Early life
Born in West Middlesex, Pennsylvania, in 1887, Landon grew up in Marietta, Ohio [1] . West Middlesex is a borough in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, along the Shenango River. Marietta is a city in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Washington County. He moved with his family to Kansas at age 17 and graduated from the University of Kansas in 1908. The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU or just Kansas) is a public research university with campuses located in Lawrence, Kansas City He first pursued a career in banking, but in 1912 he became an independent petroleum producer in Independence, KS. Independence is a city in Montgomery County, Kansas, United States. During World War I, Landon served in the Army as a first lieutenant in chemical warfare. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Chemical warfare involves using the toxic properties of Chemical substances to kill injure or incapacitate an enemy. By 1929 the oil industry had made him a millionaire.
Political career
Landon supported Theodore Roosevelt's Progressive Party in 1912, and, in 1922, was private secretary to the governor of Kansas. Theodore Roosevelt (ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 27 1858 January 6 1919 also known as T The United States Progressive Party of 1912 was a political party created by a split in the Republican Party in the presidential election of 1912. He later became known as the leader of the liberal Republicans in the state. He was elected chairman of the Republican state central committee in 1928 and directed the Republican successful presidential and gubernatorial campaigns in Kansas in that year.
Landon was elected Governor of Kansas in 1932. List of governors He was re-elected governor in 1934--the only Republican governor in the nation to be re-elected that year. He served as governor from 1933 until 1937. As Governor, Landon gained a reputation for reducing taxes and balancing the budget. Landon is often described as a fiscal conservative who nevertheless believed that government must also address social issues. He supported parts of the New Deal but opposed labor unions. The New Deal was the name that United States President Franklin D
1936 Election
In 1936, Landon sought the Republican presidential nominee opposing the re-election of FDR. The United States presidential election of 1936 took place as the Great Depression entered its eighth year At the Republican National Convention in 1936, Landon's campaign manager John Hamilton mobilized the younger elements of the party against the faction led by Herbert Hoover. The Republican National Convention is the presidential nominating convention of the Republican Party of the United States. Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10 1874 &ndash October 20 1964 was the thirty-first President of the United States (1929–1933 Landon won the nomination on the first ballot; the convention selected Chicago newspaper publisher (and future FDR's Secretary of Navy) Frank Knox as his running mate. The United States Secretary of the Navy ( SECNAV) is the Civilian head of the Department of the Navy. William Franklin "Frank" Knox ( January 1, 1874 &ndash April 28, 1944) was the Secretary of the Navy under Franklin
Landon proved to be an ineffective campaigner who rarely traveled. Most of the attacks on FDR and social security were developed by Republican campaigners rather than Landon himself. Social security primarily refers to a Social insurance program providing social protection or protection against socially recognized conditions including poverty old In the two months after his nomination he made no campaign appearances. As columnist Westbrook Pegler lampooned, "Considerable mystery surrounds the disappearance of Alfred M. Francis James Westbrook Pegler ( August 2, 1894 – June 24, 1969) was an American journalist and writer Landon of Topeka, Kansas. . . . The Missing Persons Bureau has sent out an alarm bulletin bearing Mr. Landon's photograph and other particulars, and anyone having information of his whereabouts is asked to communicate direct with the Republican National Committee. " [Time, Aug. 31, 1936]
Landon respected and admired Roosevelt and accepted much of the New Deal but objected that it was hostile to business and involved too much waste and inefficiency. Late in the campaign, Landon accused Roosevelt of corruption--that is, of acquiring so much power that he was subverting the Constitution. Landon said:
- The President spoke truly when he boasted. . . 'We have built up new instruments of public power. ' He spoke truly when he said these instruments could provide 'shackles for the liberties of the people . . . and . . . enslavement for the public. ' These powers were granted with the understanding that they were only temporary. But after the powers had been obtained, and after the emergency was clearly over, we were told that another emergency would be created if the power was given up. In other words, the concentration of power in the hands of the President was not a question of temporary emergency. It was a question of permanent national policy. In my opinion the emergency of 1933 was a mere excuse. . . . National economic planning—the term used by this Administration to describe its policy—violates the basic ideals of the American system. . . . The price of economic planning is the loss of economic freedom. Economic freedom is freedom to produce trade and consume any goods and services acquired without the use of force fraud or theft And economic freedom and personal liberty go hand in hand. [Time Oct. 26, 1936]
The 1936 presidential election was extraordinarily lopsided. Although Landon gained nearly 17 million votes and obtained the endorsement of track star Jesse Owens, he lost the popular vote by more than 10 million votes. James Cleveland "Jesse" Owens ( September 12, 1913 – March 31, 1980) was an American track and field athlete He lost his home state Kansas and carried only Maine and Vermont for a total of 8 electoral votes to Roosevelt's 523. The State of Maine ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean Vermont ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. FDR's win was the most crushing electoral victory since 1820. Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The overwhelming Roosevelt victory prompted Democratic party boss James Farley to joke, "As Maine goes, so goes Vermont. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. James Aloysius "Jim" Farley ( May 30, 1888 &ndash June 9, 1976) was an American Politician, business executive " As Maine goes so goes the nation " is a phrase that at one time was in wide currency in United States politics. "
Later life
Following his defeat, Landon finished out his term as governor of Kansas and returned to the oil industry. Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " Landon did not seek elective office again.
The Republicans' defeats in 1932 and 1936 plunged their party into a period of bitter intraparty strife. Landon played an important role in ending this internal bickering in 1938, in helping to prepare a new group of leaders for the presidential campaign of 1940, and in trying to bring about a compromise between the isolationist and internationalist viewpoints in foreign policy. Landon failed to enter Franklin Roosevelt's Cabinet because he made his acceptance contingent upon the President's renunciation of a third term. [Mayer 1966]
After war broke out in Europe in 1939 Landon fought against isolationists such as America First who supported the Neutrality Act; he feared it would mislead Nazi Germany into thinking the United States was unwilling to fight. The America First Committee was the foremost non-interventionist Pressure group against the American entry into the Second World War. The Neutrality Acts were a series of laws that were passed by the United States Congress in the 1930s in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers In 1940 he argued against lend-lease, urging instead that Britain be given $5 billion outright. Lend-Lease (Public Law 77-11 was the name of the program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located After the war, he backed the Marshall Plan, while opposing high domestic spending. The Marshall Plan (from its enactment officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger After the communist takeover of China, he was one of the first to advocate recognition of Mao Zedong's communist government, and its admission to the United Nations, when this was still a very unpopular position among the leadership and followers of both major parties.
In 1961, he urged the U. S. to join the European Common Market. The European Community (EC is one of the Three pillars of the European Union (EU created under the Maastricht Treaty (1992 In November 1962, when he was asked to describe his political philosophy, Landon said: "I would say practical progressive, which means that the Republican party or any political party has got to recognize the problems of a growing and complex industrial civilization. And I don't think the Republican party is really wide awake to that. " Later in the 1960s, Landon backed President Lyndon Johnson on Medicare and other Great Society programs. This article refers to Medicare, a United States health insurance program The Great Society was also a 1960s band featuring Grace Slick, and a 1914 book by English social theorist Graham Wallas.
On December 13, 1966, Landon gave the first "Landon Lecture" at Kansas State University in Manhattan, Kansas. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Kansas State University, commonly shortened to K-State, is an institution of higher learning located in Manhattan, Kansas, in the United States Manhattan is a city in Pottawatomie and Riley counties in the northeastern part of the U Landon's lecture, titled "New Challenges in International Relations" was the first in a series of public issues lectures that continues to this day and has featured numerous world leaders and political figures, including seven U. S. presidents (Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush). Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States.
Landon died October 12, 1987, in Topeka, Kansas, 34 days after his 100th birthday. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Topeka ( Kansa: Tó Ppí Kˀé ˌto ˈpːi ˌkˀeɪ Ioway: Dó Pí Kˀé ˌto ˈpʰi ˌkˀeɪ Until his death, he was the earliest born U. S. governor of any state still living, a title he assumed in 1984 on the death of George Alexander Parks, another centenarian. George Alexander Parks ( May 29 1883 &ndash May 11 1984) was an American Republican Politician who was the A centenarian is a person who has attained the age of 100 Years or more When Landon died, the title went to Albert B. Chandler of Kentucky. Albert Benjamin "Happy" Chandler Sr (July 14 1898 June 15 1991 was twice Governor of Kentucky, a U The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. Alf Landon is buried at Mount Hope Cemetery, Topeka, Shawnee County, Kansas. Shawnee County (county code SN) is a county located in northeast Kansas, in the central United States of America. Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American "
His daughter, Nancy Landon Kassebaum, was a United States Senator from Kansas. Nancy Landon Kassebaum Baker (born July 29, 1932) represented the State of Kansas in the United States Senate from 1978 to 1997 The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " Elected to the U.S. Senate in 1978, she was re-elected in 1984 and 1990. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Her second husband is her former senatorial colleague Howard Henry Baker, Jr., of Tennessee. Howard Henry Baker Jr (born November 15, 1925) is a former Senate Majority Leader, Republican U Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States.
Electoral history
Kansas gubernatorial election, 1932[2]
- Alf Landon (R) - 278,581 (34. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. 82%)
- Harry Hines Woodring (D, Inc. Harry Hines Woodring ( May 31, 1890 September 9, 1967) was a U ) - 272,944 (34. 12%)
- John Romulus Brinkley (I) - 244,607 (30. 58%)
Republican primary for Governor of Kansas, 1934[3]
- Alf Landon (Inc. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ) - 233,956 (79. 87%)
- John Romulus Brinkley - 58,983 (20. 14%)
Kansas gubernatorial election, 1934[4]
- Alf Landon (R, Inc. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ) - 422,030 (53. 51%)
- Omar B. Ketchum (D) - 359,877 (45. 63%)
- George M. Whiteside (Socialist) - 6,744 (0. 86%)
Republican presidential primaries, 1936[5]
- William E. Borah - 1,478,676 (44. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. William Edgar Borah ( June 29, 1865 near Fairfield, Illinois &ndash January 19, 1940 Washington D 48%)
- Alf Landon - 729,908 (21. 96%)
- Frank Knox - 527,054 (15. William Franklin "Frank" Knox ( January 1, 1874 &ndash April 28, 1944) was the Secretary of the Navy under Franklin 85%)
- Earl Warren - 350,917 (10. Earl Warren ( March 19, 1891 July 9, 1974) was the 14th Chief Justice of the United States and the only person ever elected thrice 56%)
- Stephen A. Day - 155,732 (4. Userpolbot from http//bioguidecongressgov/scripts/biodisplaypl?index=D000160 69%)
- Warren E. Green - 44,518 (1. 34%)
- Leo J. Chassee - 18,986 (0. 57%)
- Herbert Hoover - 7,750 (0. Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10 1874 &ndash October 20 1964 was the thirty-first President of the United States (1929–1933 23%)
- Frederick Steiwer - 3,285 (0. Frederick Steiwer ( October 13, 1883 - February 3, 1939) was a United States Senator from Oregon. 10%)
- Franklin D. Roosevelt (write-in) - 1,159 (0. 04%)
1936 Republican National Convention
- Alf Landon - 984 (98. The 1936 Republican National Convention was held in Cleveland Ohio at the Public Auditorium, from June 9 to June 12, 1936 11%)
- William E. Borah - 19 (1. William Edgar Borah ( June 29, 1865 near Fairfield, Illinois &ndash January 19, 1940 Washington D 89%)
United States presidential election, 1936
- Franklin D. Roosevelt/John Nance Garner (Democratic, Inc. The United States presidential election of 1936 took place as the Great Depression entered its eighth year John Nance Garner IV nicknamed "Cactus Jack" (November 22 1868 &ndash November 7 1967 was the forty-fourth Speaker of the United States House of Representatives ) - 27,752,648 (60. 8%) and 523 electoral votes (46 states carried)
- Alf Landon/Frank Knox (Republican) - 16,681,862 (36. William Franklin "Frank" Knox ( January 1, 1874 &ndash April 28, 1944) was the Secretary of the Navy under Franklin 5%) and 8 electoral votes (2 states carried)
- William Lemke/Thomas C. William Frederick Lemke ( August 13, 1878 &ndash May 30, 1950) was a United States Politician. O'Brien (Union) - 892,378 (2. The Union Party was a short-lived Political party in the United States, formed in 1936 by a coalition of Radio Priest Father 0%) and 0 electoral votes
- Norman Thomas/George A. Norman Mattoon Thomas ( November 20, 1884 &ndash December 19, 1968) was a leading American socialist, pacifist Nelson (Socialist) - 187,910 (0. 4%) and 0 electoral votes
- Earl Browder/James W. Ford (Communist) - 79,315 (0. James W Ford (1893 - 1957 was an American Communist. He was vice-presidential candidate for the Communist Party USA in 1932 1936 and 1940 The Communist Party of the United States of America ( CPUSA) is a Marxist-Leninist Political party in the United States. 2%) and 0 electoral votes
- Others - 53,586 (0. 1%) and 0 electoral votes
References
- ^ The Alf Landon legacy. Retrieved on 2008-03-30. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.
- ^ Our Campaigns - KS Governor Race - Nov 08, 1932
- ^ Our Campaigns - KS Governor - R Primary Race - Aug 07, 1934
- ^ Our Campaigns - KS Governor Race - Nov 06, 1934
- ^ Our Campaigns - US President - R Primaries Race - Feb 01, 1936
- McCoy, Donald R. Landon of Kansas (1966) standard scholarly biography
- Mayer, George H. "Alf M. Landon, as Leader of the Republican Opposition, 1937-1940. " Kansas Historical Quarterly 1966 32(3): 325-333. Issn: 0022-8621
- Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site
External links
- Coverage in Time Magazine THIS LINK DOESNT WORK
- Alf Landon's Obituary (New York Times)
- Alfred M. Landon Lecture Series on Public Issues (Kansas State University)
- Alf Landon and Social Security Reform by Nicholaus Mills, Dissent, Spring 2005. Dissent is a leading intellectual magazine of politics and culture currently edited by Mitchell Cohen and Michael Walzer.
- Alf Landon at Find A Grave Retrieved on 2008-02-09
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Harry H. Woodring |
Governor of Kansas January 9, 1933 – January 11, 1937 |
Succeeded by Walter A. Huxman |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Herbert Hoover |
Republican Party presidential candidate 1936 |
Succeeded by Wendell Willkie |
| Honorary titles | ||
| Preceded by George Alexander Parks |
Earliest serving US governor 1984 – 1987 |
Succeeded by Albert B. Chandler |
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