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Alexandre Millerand
Alexandre Millerand

Millerand circa 1918
In office
23 September 1920 – 11 June 1924
Acting President from September 21
Prime Minister Himself
Georges Leygues
Aristide Briand
Raymond Poincare
Frédéric François-Marsal
Preceded by Paul Deschanel
Succeeded by Gaston Doumergue
In office
January 20, 1920 – September 24, 1920
President Raymond Poincare
Paul Deschanel
Himself (acting)
Preceded by Georges Clemenceau
Succeeded by Georges Leygues
In office
September 23, 1920 – June 11, 1924
Served alongside: Justí Guitart i Vilardebó
Preceded by Paul Deschanel
Born 10 February 1859(1859-02-10)
Died 7 April 1943 (aged 84)
Nationality French
Political party Parti Socialiste de France

Alexandre Millerand (February 10, 1859 - April 7, 1943) was a French socialist politician. The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France 's elected The French Third Republic (in French, La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Georges Leygues (26 October 1857 - 2 September 1933 was a French politician of the Third Republic. Aristide Briand (28 March 1862 – 7 March 1932 was a French statesman who served several terms as Prime Minister of France and won the Nobel Peace Prize Raymond Poincaré (20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934 was a French conservative Statesman who served as Prime Minister of France on five Frédéric François-Marsal (16 March 1874 - 20 May 1958 was a French Politician of the Third Republic, who served briefly as Prime Minister in 1924 Paul Eugène Louis Deschanel (13 February 1855 - 28 April 1922 was a French statesman Pierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue (Aigues-Vives Gard, 1 August 1863 18 June 1937 in Aigues-Vives was a French Politician of the Third Republic. The Prime Minister of France ( Premier ministre français) in Fifth Republic is the functional Head of the government and Council of Ministers Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Raymond Poincaré (20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934 was a French conservative Statesman who served as Prime Minister of France on five Paul Eugène Louis Deschanel (13 February 1855 - 28 April 1922 was a French statesman Georges Benjamin Clemenceau ( Mouilleron-en-Pareds ( Vendée) 28 September 1841 24 November 1929 was a French statesman physician and Journalist Georges Leygues (26 October 1857 - 2 September 1933 was a French politician of the Third Republic. This is a list of Co-Princes of Andorra. The Principality of Andorra, in the Pyrenees Mountains on the French – Spanish border Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Justí Guitart i Vilardebó ( December 16 1875 &ndash January 30 1940) reigned as the Bishop of Urgell and Episcopal Co-Prince of Paul Eugène Louis Deschanel (13 February 1855 - 28 April 1922 was a French statesman Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste, PS is the largest left-wing political party in France. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person He was President of France from September 23, 1920 to June 11, 1924 and Prime Minister of France January 20 to September 23, 1920. The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France 's elected Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Prime Minister of France ( Premier ministre français) in Fifth Republic is the functional Head of the government and Council of Ministers Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar His participation in Waldeck-Rousseau's cabinet at the turn of the century, alongside the marquis de Galliffet who had directed the repression of the 1871 Paris Commune, sparked a debate in the French socialist movement and in the Second International about the participation of socialists in "bourgeois governments". Gaston Alexandre Auguste Marquis de Galliffet, Prince de Martignes ( Paris, January 23 1830 -1909 was a French General, best known The Paris Commune (La Commune de Paris was a Government that briefly ruled Paris from 18 March (more formally from 26 March) to 28 May The Second International (1889-1916 was an organization of socialist and labour parties formed in Paris on July 14, 1889.

Contents

Biography

Early activism

Born in Paris, he was educated for the Bar, and made his reputation by his defence, in company with Georges Laguerre, of Ernest Roche and Duc-Quercy, the instigators of the strike at Decazeville in 1883; he then took Laguerre's place on Georges Clemenceau's paper, La Justice. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Jean Henri Georges Laguerre ( June 24, 1858 - ? was a French Lawyer and Politician. Strike action, often simply called a strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal by Employees to perform work. Decazeville (or La Sala in Occitan) is a commune in the Aveyron department in southwestern France. Georges Benjamin Clemenceau ( Mouilleron-en-Pareds ( Vendée) 28 September 1841 24 November 1929 was a French statesman physician and Journalist He was elected to the Chamber of Deputies for the Seine département in 1885 as a Radical Socialist. Seine was a département of France encompassing Paris and its immediate suburbs In the context of the political and geographic organization of France and many of its former colonies a department (département depaʁtǝmɑ̃ is an Administrative division He was associated with Clemenceau and Camille Pelletan as an arbitrator in the Carmaux strike (1892). Charles Camille Pelletan ( 28 June 1846 - 1915 was a French politician and journalist Minister of Marine in Emile Combes ' Carmaux is a commune of the Tarn department, in France. Demographics Residents of Carmaux He had long had the ear of the Chamber in matters of social legislation, and after the Panama scandals had discredited so many politicians his influence grew. The Panama scandals (also known as the "Panama Canal Scandal" were a corruption affair that broke out in the French Third Republic in 1892 linked to the building

As member of the executive

He was chief of the Socialist faction (the Parti Socialiste de France in 1899), a group which then mustered sixty members, and edited until 1896 their organ in the press, La Petite République. The Socialist Party ( Parti Socialiste, PS is the largest left-wing political party in France. His programme included the collective ownership of the means of production and the international association of labour, but, when in June 1899 he entered René Waldeck-Rousseau's cabinet of "republican defence" as Minister of Commerce, he limited himself to practical reforms, devoting his attention to the improvement of the mercantile marine, to the development of trade, of technical education, of the postal system, and to the amelioration of the conditions of labour. Public ownership (also called government ownership, state ownership or state property) refers to Government Ownership of any Means Of Production is a compilation of Aim 's early 12" and EP releases recorded between 1995 and 1998 The labour movement or labor movement is a broad term for the development of a collective organization of working people, to campaign in their own interest for better Labour questions were entrusted to a separate department, the Direction du Travail, and the pension and insurance office was also raised to the status of a "direction".

The introduction of trade union representatives on the Supreme Labour Council, the organization of local labour councils, and the instructions to factory inspectors to put themselves in communication with the councils of the trade unions, were valuable concessions to labour, and he further secured the rigorous application of earlier laws devised for the protection of the working class. A trade union or labour union is an organization of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals in key areas such as wages hours and working conditions forming Working class is a term used in academic Sociology and in ordinary conversation to describe depending on context and speaker those employed in specific fields or types His name was especially associated with a project for the establishment of old age pensions, which became law in 1905. A pension is a steady income given to a person upon Retirement, typically in the form of a guaranteed annuity. In 1898, he became editor of La Lanterne.

His influence with the far left had already declined, for it was said that his departure from the true Marxist tradition had disintegrated the party. Ultra-left|Radical left|Radicalism (historical|Hard left Far left and extreme left are terms used to discuss the position a group or person occupies within a Political spectrum Marxism is the political philosophy and practice derived from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. He was expelled from the group in 1903, and continued to move to the right, being appointed Prime Minister by the conservative President Paul Deschanel in 1920. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting In Politics, right-wing, the political right, and the Right are positions that uphold traditional values and/or authorities Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined Paul Eugène Louis Deschanel (13 February 1855 - 28 April 1922 was a French statesman Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar

Presidency and later years

When Deschanel had to resign later that year due to his mental disorder, Millerand emerged as a compromise candidate for President between the Bloc National and the remnants of the Bloc des gauches. The National Bloc was a Center-right coalition in France which was in power from 1919 to 1924  The Bloc des gauches ("Left-Wings' Block" or "Coalition of the Left-Wings" aka Bloc républicain (Republican Block was a coalition of Millerand appointed Georges Leygues, a politician with a long career of ministerial office, as Prime Minister and attempted to strengthen the executive powers of the Presidency. Georges Leygues (26 October 1857 - 2 September 1933 was a French politician of the Third Republic. This move was resisted in the Chamber of Deputies and the French Senate, and Millerand was forced to appoint a stronger figure, Aristide Briand. The Senate (Sénat is the Upper house of the Parliament of France, presided over by a president. Aristide Briand (28 March 1862 – 7 March 1932 was a French statesman who served several terms as Prime Minister of France and won the Nobel Peace Prize Briand's appointment was welcomed by both left and right, although the Socialists and the left wing of the Radical Party did not join his government. The Radical Party ( Parti Radical, Rad also known as Parti radical valoisien) is a liberal and centrist political party in France However, Millerand dismissed Briand after just a year, and appointed the conservative republican Raymond Poincaré. Raymond Poincaré (20 August 1860 – 15 October 1934 was a French conservative Statesman who served as Prime Minister of France on five

Millerand was accused of favouring conservatives in spite of the traditional neutrality of French Presidents and the composition of the legislature. On 14 July, 1922, Millerand escaped an assassination attempt by Gustave Bouvet, a young French anarchist. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Gustave Charles Bouvet was a French anarchist who unsuccessfully tried to assassinate Alexandre Millerand, the President of France. Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i Two years later, Millerand resigned in the face of growing conflict between the elected legislature and the office of the President, following the victory of the Cartel des Gauches. The Cartel des gauches ( French for Left-wing Coalition) designed the governmental alliance between the Radical-Socialist Party and the socialist Gaston Doumergue, who was the president of the Senate at the time, was chosen to replace Millerand. Pierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue (Aigues-Vives Gard, 1 August 1863 18 June 1937 in Aigues-Vives was a French Politician of the Third Republic.

Alexandre Millerand died in 1943 at Versailles, and was interred in the Passy Cemetery. Versailles (vɛʀsaj in French) formerly de facto capital of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important The Passy Cemetery ( Fr: Cimetière de Passy is a famous cemetery located at 2 rue du Commandant Schlœsing in Passy, in the 16ème ''arrondissement''

Millerand's Ministry, 20 January - 24 September 1920

Political offices
Preceded by
Paul Delombre		 Minister of Commerce, Industry, Posts, and Telegraphs
1899–1902		 Succeeded by
Georges Trouillot
Preceded by
Louis Barthou		 Minister of Public Works, Posts, and Telegraphs
1909–1910		 Succeeded by
Louis Puech
Preceded by
Adolphe Messimy		 Minister of War
1912–1913		 Succeeded by
Albert Lebrun
Preceded by
Adolphe Messimy		 Minister of War
1914–1915		 Succeeded by
Joseph Galliéni
Preceded by
Georges Clemenceau		 Prime Minister of France
1920		 Succeeded by
Georges Leygues
Preceded by
Stéphen Pichon		 Minister of Foreign Affairs
1920
Preceded by
Paul Deschanel		 President of France
1920–1924		 Succeeded by
Gaston Doumergue

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Théodore Steeg (19 December 1868 in Libourne, Gironde 19 December 1950 in Paris) was a French politician of the Third Republic Frédéric François-Marsal (16 March 1874 - 20 May 1958 was a French Politician of the Third Republic, who served briefly as Prime Minister in 1924 André Maginot ( February 17, 1877 – January 7, 1932) was a French Civil servant, soldier and Member of Parliament Albert-Pierre Sarraut (28 July 1872 - 26 November 1962 was a French Radical politician twice Prime Minister during the Third Republic The Minister of Commerce and Industry was a cabinet member in the Government of France. Jean Louis Barthou (25 August 1862 – 9 October 1934 was a French politician of the Third Republic. The Minister of Public Works (Ministre de l'Equipement was a cabinet member in the Government of France. The Minister of Defence ( Ministère de la Défense) is the French Government cabinet member charged with running the Military of France Albert Lebrun (29 August 1871 6 March 1950 was a French Politician, President of France from 1932 to 1940 and as such was the last president of the The Minister of Defence ( Ministère de la Défense) is the French Government cabinet member charged with running the Military of France Joseph Simon Gallieni ( 24 April 1849 - 27 May 1916) was a French soldier most active as a military commander and administrator in the French Georges Benjamin Clemenceau ( Mouilleron-en-Pareds ( Vendée) 28 September 1841 24 November 1929 was a French statesman physician and Journalist The Prime Minister of France ( Premier ministre français) in Fifth Republic is the functional Head of the government and Council of Ministers Georges Leygues (26 October 1857 - 2 September 1933 was a French politician of the Third Republic. Stéphen Pichon (1857-1933 was a French politician of the Third Republic. The Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Government of France, is the cabinet minister responsible for the Foreign relations of France. Paul Eugène Louis Deschanel (13 February 1855 - 28 April 1922 was a French statesman Second French Republic (1848-1852 President of the Provisional Government of the Republic Jacques Charles Dupont de l'Eure (24 February 1848 Pierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue (Aigues-Vives Gard, 1 August 1863 18 June 1937 in Aigues-Vives was a French Politician of the Third Republic. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

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