| Alexandra of Denmark | |
|---|---|
| Queen Consort of the United Kingdom (more...) | |
 |
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| Consort | 22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910 |
| Coronation | 9 August 1902 |
| Consort to | Edward VII |
| Issue | |
| Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence George V Louise, Princess Royal Princess Victoria Alexandra Maud of Wales Prince Alexander John |
|
| Full name | |
| Alexandra Carolina Marie Charlotte Louise Julia | |
| Titles and styles | |
| HM Queen Alexandra HM The Queen HRH The Princess of Wales HRH Princess Alexandra of Denmark HH Princess Alexandra of Denmark HSH Princess Alexandra of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg |
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| Royal house | House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha House of Oldenburg |
| Father | Christian IX of Denmark |
| Mother | Louise of Hesse-Kassel |
| Born | 1 December 1844  Yellow Palace, Copenhagen |
| Baptised | 7 February 1845 Copenhagen, Denmark |
| Died | 20 November 1925 (aged 80) Sandringham House, Norfolk |
| Burial | 28 November 1925 St George's Chapel, Windsor |
Alexandra of Denmark (Alexandra Carolina Marie Charlotte Louise Julia; 1 December 1844 – 20 November 1925) was Queen Consort to Edward VII of the United Kingdom and thus Empress of India during her husband's reign. The precise style of British Sovereigns has varied over the years Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Prince Albert Victor Duke of Clarence and Avondale (Albert Victor Christian Edward 8 January 1864 &ndash 14 January 1892 was a member of the British Royal Family. The Princess Louise Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife (Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar 20 February 1867 – 4 January 1931) was the The Princess Victoria (Victoria Alexandra Olga Mary 6 July 1868 – 3 December 1935 also called "Toria" was a member of the British Royal Family, the fourth child Maud of Wales (Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria 26 November 1869 &ndash 20 November 1938) was Queen of Norway as spouse of King Prince Alexander John Charles Albert of Wales (6 April 1871 - 7 April 1871 was the youngest son and sixth child of Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and his wife A royal house or royal dynasty is a familial designation or Family name of sorts used by Royalty. Saxe-Coburg and Gotha or Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha served as the name of the two German duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Gotha in Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (in Danish: Slesvig-Holsten-Sønderborg-Lyksborg) from Glücksburg in northernmost Germany Christian IX ( April 8, 1818 - January 29, 1906) was King of Denmark from November 16, 1863 to January 29 Louise of Hesse (Luise Wilhelmine Friederike Caroline Auguste Julie von Hessen-Kassel Louise Wilhelmine Frederikke Caroline Auguste Julie ( 7 September 1817, Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sandringham House is a Country house on of land near the village of Sandringham in Norfolk, England, which is privately owned by the British Norfolk (ˈnɔrfək is a low-lying county in East Anglia, England, United Kingdom. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Windsor (ˈwɪnzə/ /ˈwɪndzə is a suburban town and tourist destination in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire, England. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A queen consort is the title given to the wife of a reigning king. Emperor/Empress of India ( Badishah -e-Hind in Hindustani) was used as a Title by the last Mughal emperor Bahadur Prior to that, she was Princess of Wales from 1863 to 1901 (the longest anyone has ever held that title). Princess of Wales is a Courtesy title held by the wife of the Prince of Wales since the first "English" Prince of Wales in 1283 From 1910, until her death, she was the Queen Mother, being a queen and the mother of the reigning monarch, George V of the United Kingdom, though she was more generally styled "Her Majesty Queen Alexandra". Queen mother is a title or position reserved for a widowed Queen consort (a Queen dowager) whose son or daughter from that marriage is the reigning monarch
Contents |
Early life
Princess Alexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julia, or "Alix", as she was known within the family, was born at the Yellow Palace, an 18th-century town house at 18 Amaliegade, right next to the Amalienborg Palace complex in Copenhagen. Amalienborg Palace ( Danish: Amalienborg, aˈmaːˀliə̯nbɔːˀʀ is the winter home of the Danish royal family, and is located in Copenhagen Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city [1] Her father was Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and her mother was Princess Louise of Hesse-Cassel. Christian IX ( April 8, 1818 - January 29, 1906) was King of Denmark from November 16, 1863 to January 29 Louise of Hesse (Luise Wilhelmine Friederike Caroline Auguste Julie von Hessen-Kassel Louise Wilhelmine Frederikke Caroline Auguste Julie ( 7 September 1817, [2] Although two of her great great grandfathers, George II and Fredrick V were kings, and she was of princely blood, her family lived a comparatively normal life, and they did not possess great wealth. George II may refer to George II of Abkhazia (916-960 George II of Georgia (1072-1089 Yuri II, also known Frederick V or Friedrich V may refer to Frederick I Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1460-1536 or Friedrich V Margrave von Brandenburg-Ansbach-Bayreuth Her father's income was about £800 per year and their house was a rent-free grace and favour property. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency [3] Occasionally, Hans Christian Andersen would call and tell the children stories before bedtime. Hans Christian Andersen (ˈhanˀs ˈkʰʁæʂd̥jan ˈɑnɐsn̩ in Danish or simply H [4]
In 1848, the King Christian VIII of Denmark died and his only son, Frederick ascended the throne. Family Frederick was born at Amalienborg Palace to Christian VIII of Denmark and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Frederick was childless, had been through two unsuccessful marriages and was assumed to be infertile. A succession crisis arose as Frederick ruled in both Denmark and Schleswig-Holstein, and the succession rules of each were different. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe is the northernmost of the 16 ''Bundesländer'' in Germany. The former English name was Sleswick-Holsatia the Danish name is In Holstein, the Salic law prevented inheritance through the female line, whereas no such restrictions applied in Denmark. Salic law ( Lat Lex Salica) was an important body of traditional Law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the Early Middle Ages Holstein, being predominantly German, proclaimed independence and called in the aid of Prussia. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state In 1852, the Great Powers called a conference in London to discuss the Danish succession. A great power is a Nation or State that has the ability to exert its influence on a global scale London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. An uneasy peace was agreed, which included the provision that Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg would be Frederick's heir in all his dominions and the prior claims of others (who included Christian's own mother-in-law, brother-in-law and wife) were surrendered. Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark ( 30 October, 1789 &mdash 28 March, 1864) was a princess of Denmark.
Prince Christian was given the title Prince of Denmark, and his family moved into a new official residence, Bernstorff Palace. Bernstorff Palace in Gentofte, Denmark was built in the middle of the 18th century for Foreign Minister Johann Hartwig Ernst Count von Bernstorff Although the family's status had risen, there was no or little increase in their income, and they did not participate in court life at Copenhagen as they refused to meet Frederick's third wife, Louise Rasmussen, his former mistress, who had an illegitimate child by a previous lover. [5] Alexandra shared a draughty attic bedroom with her sister, Dagmar, made her own clothes, and waited at table along with her sisters. Maria Feodorovna, born Princess Dagmar of Denmark (26 November 1847&ndash13 October 1928 was Empress consort of Russia. [6] At Bernstorff, Alexandra grew into a young woman; she was taught English by the English chaplain at Copenhagen and was confirmed in Christiansborg Palace. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Christiansborg Palace on Slotsholmen in central Copenhagen, is the house of Denmark 's three supreme powers the executive power, the [7]
Marriage and family
Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and her husband, Prince Albert, were already concerned with finding a bride for their son and heir, Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, and enlisted the aid of their daughter, Crown Princess Victoria of Prussia, in seeking a suitable candidate. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (and formerly the Kingdom The Princess Victoria Princess Royal (Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa 21 November 1840 &ndash 5 August 1901) was the eldest child and daughter Although Alexandra of Denmark was not their first choice, since the Danes were at loggerheads with the Prussians over the Schleswig-Holstein Question and most of the British royal family's relations were German, eventually they settled on her as "the only one to be chosen". The Schleswig-Holstein Question was the name given to the whole complex of diplomatic and other issues arising in the 19th century out of the relations of the two duchies Schleswig The British Royal Family is the group of close relatives of the monarch of the United Kingdom. [8]
On 24 September 1861, Bertie's sister, the Crown Princess of Prussia, introduced Bertie and Alix at Speyer, but it was not until 9 September 1862 (after his affair with Nellie Clifden and the death of his father), that Bertie proposed to Alix at the Royal Castle of Laeken, the home of his uncle, Leopold I of Belgium. Henry Nelson O'Neil (1817 Russia - 1880 was an historical genre painter and minor Victorian writer Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The National Maritime Museum (NMM in Greenwich, England is the leading Maritime museum of the United Kingdom and may be the largest museum Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Princess Victoria Princess Royal (Victoria Adelaide Mary Louisa 21 November 1840 &ndash 5 August 1901) was the eldest child and daughter Speyer (English formerly Spires) is a City in Germany ( Rhineland-Palatinate) with approx Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday The Royal Castle of Laken is the official residence of the King of the Belgians. Leopold I ( Leopold George Christian Frederick (in German Leopold Georg Christian Friedrich) Prince of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, later [9][10]
A few months later, Alix travelled from Denmark to the United Kingdom aboard the HMY Victoria and Albert II for her marriage and arrived in Gravesend, Kent on 7 March 1863. HMY Victoria and Albert, a 360 foot steamer launched 16 January 1855, was a Royal Yacht of the Sovereign of the Gravesend is a town in northwest Kent, England, on the south bank of the Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common [11] Sir Arthur Sullivan composed music for her arrival and Alfred Tennyson, the Poet Laureate, wrote an ode in Alexandra's honour:
| “ | Sea King's daughter from over the sea, Alexandra! |
„ |
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—Welcome to Alexandra, Alfred Tennyson[12] |
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The couple were married on 10 March 1863 at St George's Chapel, Windsor, and the occasion was recorded in a commissioned painting by William Powell Frith. Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO (13 May 1842 &ndash 22 November 1900 was an English composer of Irish and Italian descent best known for his operatic Alfred Tennyson 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892 was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and remains one of the most popular English poets Alfred Tennyson 1st Baron Tennyson (6 August 1809 – 6 October 1892 was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom and remains one of the most popular English poets Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common William Powell Frith ( January 19, 1819 &ndash November 9, 1909) was an English painter specialising in portraits and [13] The choice of venue was criticised in the press (as it was outside London large public crowds would not be able to view the spectacle), by prospective guests (it was awkward to get to and, as the venue was small, some people who had expected invitations were not invited) and the Danes (as only Alexandra's closest relations were invited). The court was still in mourning for Prince Albert, so ladies were restricted to wearing grey, lilac or mauve. [14] They were seen off on their honeymoon at Osborne on the Isle of Wight by the schoolboys of neighbouring Eton College, including Lord Randolph Churchill. The Isle of Wight is an English Island and county in the English Channel between three and five miles (8 km from the south coast of the Eton College, or just Eton, is a world-famous British Independent school for boys founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. Lord Randolph Henry Spencer Churchill ( 13 February 1849 – 24 January 1895) was a British Statesman. [15]
By the end of the following year, her father ascended the throne of Denmark, her brother became King of the Hellenes, her sister was engaged to the Tsarevitch of Russia,[16] and Alexandra gave birth to her first child. George I King of the Hellenes (Γεώργιος A' Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων Georgios A' Vasileus ton Ellinon; 24 December 1845 &ndash 18 March 1913 was This is a list of the heads of state of Greece, from the foundation of the modern nation state until the present Maria Feodorovna, born Princess Dagmar of Denmark (26 November 1847&ndash13 October 1928 was Empress consort of Russia. Tsarevich Nikolay Aleksandrovich Romanov (Цесаревич Николай Александрович Романов full title Heir Tsarevich and Grand Duke of Her father's accession gave rise to further conflict over the fate of Schleswig-Holstein; the German Confederation invaded and Denmark was defeated, reducing the area of Denmark by two-fifths. The First Schleswig War occurred in 1848–1851. The Second Schleswig War (2 The German Confederation (Deutscher Bund was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to serve as the successor to Alexandra's first child, Albert Victor, was born two months prematurely in early 1864. Alexandra was devoted to her children: "She was in her glory when she could run up to the nursery, put on a flannel apron, wash the children herself and see them asleep in their little beds. "[17] Albert Edward and Alexandra had six children in total:
| Name | Birth | Death | Marriage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence | 8 January 1864 | 14 January 1892 | No issue. Prince Albert Victor Duke of Clarence and Avondale (Albert Victor Christian Edward 8 January 1864 &ndash 14 January 1892 was a member of the British Royal Family. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year |
| King George V | 3 June 1865 | 20 January 1936 | Mary of Teck (26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953) Had issue. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Mary of Teck (Victoria Mary Augusta Louise Olga Pauline Claudine Agnes 26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953 was the queen-empress consort of George V of the United Kingdom Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. |
| Princess Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife | 20 February 1867 | 4 January 1931 | Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife (10 November 1849 – 12 January 1912) Had issue. The Princess Louise Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife (Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar 20 February 1867 – 4 January 1931) was the Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Alexander William George Duff 1st Duke of Fife, KG, KT, GCVO, VD, PC (10 November 1849&ndash12 January 1912 styled Viscount Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting |
| Princess Victoria Alexandra | 6 July 1868 | 3 December 1935 | No issue. The Princess Victoria (Victoria Alexandra Olga Mary 6 July 1868 – 3 December 1935 also called "Toria" was a member of the British Royal Family, the fourth child Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. |
| Princess Maud | 26 November 1869 | 20 November 1938 | Prince Carl of Denmark, later King Haakon VII of Norway (3 August 1872 – 21 September 1957) Had issue. Maud of Wales (Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria 26 November 1869 &ndash 20 November 1938) was Queen of Norway as spouse of King Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Haakon VII (Prince Carl of Denmark born Christian Frederik Carl Georg Valdemar Axel) (3 August 1872 in Charlottenlund 21 September 1957 in Oslo) Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) |
| Prince Alexander John | 6 April 1871 | 7 April 1871 |
Alexandra enjoyed many social activities, including dancing and ice-skating, and was an expert horsewoman and tandem driver. Prince Alexander John Charles Albert of Wales (6 April 1871 - 7 April 1871 was the youngest son and sixth child of Prince Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and his wife Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 529 - First draft of Corpus Juris Civilis (a fundamental work in Jurisprudence) is issued by Eastern Roman Emperor Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Combined driving also known as Horse Driving Trials is an equestrian sport involving carriage driving. [18] Even after the birth of her first child, she continued to behave much as before, and this led to some friction between the Queen and the young couple, which was exacerbated by Alexandra's loathing of Germans and the Queen's partiality towards them. All of Alexandra's children were born prematurely; during the birth of her third child in 1867 complications threatened her life and she was left with a permanent limp. [19] In public Alexandra was dignified and charming, and in private affectionate and jolly. [6] An increasing degree of deafness, caused by hereditary otosclerosis, led to social isolation, and Alexandra spent more time at home with her children and pets. Otosclerosis is an abnormal growth of bone of the Middle ear which can result in Hearing loss. [20] Her final pregnancy ended in tragedy when her infant son died after only a day of life. Despite Alexandra's pleas for privacy, Queen Victoria insisted on announcing a period of court mourning, which led to unsympathetic elements of the press to describe the birth as "a wretched abortion" and the funeral arrangements as "sickening mummery". [21]
Princess of Wales
Albert Edward and Alexandra undertook a six-month tour taking in Austria, Egypt and Greece over 1868–9, which included visits to her brother, George I of Greece and, for her only, to the harem of the Khedive Ismail. The Princess Victoria (Victoria Alexandra Olga Mary 6 July 1868 – 3 December 1935 also called "Toria" was a member of the British Royal Family, the fourth child The Princess Louise Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife (Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar 20 February 1867 – 4 January 1931) was the Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Isma'il Pasha, known as Ismail the Magnificent (إسماعيل باشا ( December 31, 1830 &ndash March 2, 1895) was Wāli In Turkey she became the first woman to sit down to dinner with the Sultan Abdul-Aziz, and later the royal party visited the Crimean battlefields. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Abdülaziz ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد العزيز ( February 9, 1830 June 4 1876) was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Crimea (kraɪˈmiːə or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Крим Автономна Республіка Крим Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Крым [22]
Albert Edward and Alexandra made Sandringham House their preferred residence, and their marriage was in many ways a happy one. Sandringham House is a Country house on of land near the village of Sandringham in Norfolk, England, which is privately owned by the British However, Albert Edward did not give his wife or children as much attention as she would have liked, and they gradually became estranged, until his serious illness in the early 1870s brought about a reconciliation. [23] Their relationship had its ups and downs over the years. Albert Edward, even after winning back his wife's affections, continued to keep company with other women, among them the actress Lillie Langtry; Daisy Greville, Countess of Warwick; humanitarian Agnes Keyser, and society matron Alice Keppel. Lillie Langtry ( 13 October 1853 &ndash 12 February 1929) born Emilie Charlotte Le Breton, was a highly successful British Frances Evelyn "Daisy" Greville Countess of Warwick ( 10 December 1861 &ndash 26 July 1938) was a society beauty and mistress to Agnes Keyser (1852 - 1941 was the wealthy daughter of a Stock Exchange member a humanitarian Courtesan and longtime mistress to Edward VII of the Alice Frederica Keppel, Née Edmonstone ( 29 April, 1868 &ndash 11 September, 1947) was a British Socialite Most of these were with the full knowledge of Alexandra, who invited Alice Keppel to be with the King as he lay dying. Alice Frederica Keppel, Née Edmonstone ( 29 April, 1868 &ndash 11 September, 1947) was a British Socialite [24] Alexandra herself remained faithful throughout her marriage.
In 1881, Alexandra and Albert Edward travelled to Saint Petersburg after the assassination of Alexander II of Russia, so that Alexandra could provide comfort to her sister, who was now the Tsarina, and to represent Britain. Louise of Hesse (Luise Wilhelmine Friederike Caroline Auguste Julie von Hessen-Kassel Louise Wilhelmine Frederikke Caroline Auguste Julie ( 7 September 1817, The Princess Louise Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife (Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar 20 February 1867 – 4 January 1931) was the Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Alexander (Aleksandr II Nikolaevich (Александр II Николаевич ( Moscow, 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881 in St Tsaritsa (царица цари́ца formerly spelled czaritsa (and in English usually rendered tsarina or czarina, which possess non- [25] Alexandra undertook many public duties; in the words of Queen Victoria, "to spare me the strain and fatigue of functions. She opens bazaars, attends concerts, visits hospitals in my place…she not only never complains, but endeavours to prove that she has enjoyed what to another would be a tiresome duty. "[26] She took a particular interest in the London Hospital, visiting it regularly. Joseph Merrick, the so-called "Elephant Man", was one of the patients whom she visited. [27]
The death of her eldest son, Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence, in 1892 was a serious blow to the tender-hearted Alexandra, and his room and possessions were kept exactly as he had left them, much as those of Prince Albert were left after his death in 1861. Prince Albert Victor Duke of Clarence and Avondale (Albert Victor Christian Edward 8 January 1864 &ndash 14 January 1892 was a member of the British Royal Family. [28] She said, "I have buried my angel and with him my happiness. "[29] In 1894, her brother-in-law, Alexander III of Russia, died and her nephew, Nicholas II of Russia became Tsar. Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. The widowed Dagmar leant heavily on Alexandra for support, who slept, prayed and stayed beside her sister for the next two weeks until Alexander's burial. [30]
Queen Alexandra
As Queen from 1901 to 1910, and Queen Mother thereafter, Alexandra was greatly loved by the British people. [31] During the Boer War, she founded Queen Alexandra's Nursing Corps, which became known as the "Q. See also First Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The Second Boer War ( Dutch: Tweede Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: Queen Alexandra's Royal Army Nursing Corps ( QARANC; commonly known as the QAs) is the Nursing branch of the British Army and part of the A. s". She had a distinct dislike of the Germans, a hatred that stemmed from the Prussian conquest of the formerly Danish lands Schleswig and Holstein during the Second War of Schleswig in 1864. Holstein (ˈhɔlʃtain ( Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) The First Schleswig War occurred in 1848–1851. The Second Schleswig War (2 For this reason, biographers have asserted that she was denied access to the King's briefing papers and excluded from some of the King's foreign tours in order to prevent her meddling in diplomatic matters. [32] The Frankfurter Zeitung was outspoken in its condemnation of Alexandra and her sister, Dagmar, Dowager Empress of Russia, saying that the pair were "the centre of the international anti-German conspiracy". The Frankfurter Zeitung was a German language Newspaper that appeared from 1856 to 1943 [33] She despised and distrusted her nephew, William II of Germany, calling him in 1900 "inwardly our enemy". [34]
In 1907, Alexandra and Dagmar purchased a villa north of Copenhagen, Hvidore, as a private getaway. [35] In 1910, Alexandra was visiting her brother, George I of Greece, in Corfu when she received news that the King was seriously ill. Corfu (Κέρκυρα Kérkyra, ˈkʲe̞ɾkʲiɾa Κέρκυρα or Κόρκυρα Corcyra Corfù is a Greek island in the Ionian Sea Alexandra returned at once, and arrived just the day before her husband died. In his last hours, she personally administered him oxygen from a gas cylinder to help him breathe. [36] She told Frederick Ponsonby, "I feel as if I had been turned into stone, unable to cry, unable to grasp the meaning of it all. Frederick Edward Grey Ponsonby 1st Baron Sysonby GCB GCVO PC ( 16 September 1867 &ndash 20 October 1935) was "[37] Later that year, she moved out of Buckingham Palace to Marlborough House, but she retained possession of Sandringham;[38] she did not attend her son's coronation in 1911 but otherwise continued the public side of her life, devoting time to her charitable causes, one of the most notable being Alexandra Rose Day, where artificial roses made by the disabled were sold in aid of hospitals by women volunteers. Buckingham Palace is the official London residence of the British monarch. This article is about Marlborough House Westminster. For the property in Brighton, please see Marlborough House Brighton Marlborough Alexandra Rose Day is a charitable fund raising event held in the United Kingdom since 1912. [39]
During the First World War, it is said that her son, George V, ordered all the Order of the Garter arms of those who fought for Germany removed from St. George's Chapel, Windsor at her insistence. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Most Noble Order of the Garter is an Order of chivalry, or Knighthood, originating in Medieval England, and presently bestowed on recipients Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. A further reason for expelling the Germans from the Order of the Garter was that a Knight of the Garter swears an oath never to take up arms against the British Sovereign. During the First and Second World Wars, this became an embarrassing mockery, and the German members of the Order were expelled therefrom in 1915 in a solemn ceremony at St. George's Chapel. During the Second World War, Hirohito, the Emperor of Japan, was also expelled from the Order. also known as, (April 29 1901 – January 7 1989 was the 124th Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order reigning from December 25 1926 until his death Today, the Order of the Garter, the bestowing of which is the exclusive gift and prerogative of the Sovereign, is awarded much more sparingly. [40] In Russia, Tsar Nicholas II was overthrown and he, his wife and children were killed by revolutionaries. The Dowager Empress, Dagmar, Alexandra's sister, was rescued from Russia in 1919 by a British warship, HMS Marlborough, and brought to England where she lived for some time with her sister. [41]
Queen Alexandra had little understanding of money. The management of her finances was left in the hands of her loyal Comptroller, Sir Dighton Probyn VC, who had a similar role when her husband was Prince of Wales and later as King Edward VII. General Sir Dighton MacNaghton Probyn VC, GCB, GCSI, GCVO, ISO (21 January 1833-20 June 1924 born in London In the words of her grandson, Edward VIII (later the Duke of Windsor), "Her generosity was a source of embarrassment to her financial advisers. Whenever she received a letter soliciting money, a cheque would be sent by the next post, regardless of the authenticity of the mendicant and without having the case investigated. "[42]
Alexandra remained youthful looking into her senior years, though she did wear elaborate veils and heavy makeup, which was described by gossipy women as having her face "enamelled". [6] She died on 20 November 1925 after suffering a heart attack, at Sandringham, and was buried in an elaborate tomb next to her husband in St. Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Myocardial infarction ( MI or AMI for acute myocardial infarction) also known as a heart attack, occurs when the blood supply Sandringham House is a Country house on of land near the village of Sandringham in Norfolk, England, which is privately owned by the British George's Chapel at Windsor. Windsor (ˈwɪnzə/ /ˈwɪndzə is a suburban town and tourist destination in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire, England. [1]
Legacy
Alexandra was highly popular with the public,[6] and, unlike her husband and mother-in-law, was not castigated by the press. [43] Funds that she helped to collect were used to fit out a hospital ship to bring back wounded from the Boer War, which was named The Princess of Wales in her honour. [44] Alexandra Palace in North London, the Royal Alexandra Theatre in Toronto, the original Alexandra Suspension Bridge in Fraser Canyon, British Columbia, Canada, and Queen Alexandra Bridge in Sunderland are named after her. Set in Alexandra Park, Alexandra Palace was built in an area spanning Wood Green and Muswell Hill, North London, England in 1873 as North London is the northern part of London, England. The area it covers is defined differently for a range of purposes The Royal Alexandra Theatre is a Theatre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada located near King and Simcoe Streets Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Alexandra Bridge Provincial Park is a Provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located in the Fraser Canyon approximately two Kilometres fountaincanyon10jpg|thumb|400px|right|View of Fraser Canyon looking upstream from Fountain British Columbia British Columbia (ˌbrɪtɨʃ kəˈlʌmbiə ( BC) ( (la Colombie-Britannique C Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page This article is about the bridge crossing the River Wear; for the bridge crossing the Ottawa River, see Alexandra Bridge. Sunderland (, or /ˈsʌn(dlən/ is a City in Tyne and Wear, England.
Alexandra hid a small scar on her neck, which was likely the result of a childhood operation,[45] by wearing choker necklaces and high necklines, starting a fashion craze. choker is a close-fitting Necklace, worn high on the Neck. This type of Jewellery can consist of one or more bands circling the neck
Queen Alexandra was portrayed by Maggie Smith in the BBC television film All the King's Men. Dame Margaret Natalie Smith, DBE (born December 28 1934) better known as Maggie Smith, is a British Film, stage For film adaptations of the American novel see All the King's Men.
The Alexandra Rose Day fund still exists; its patron is Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy, Alexandra's great granddaughter.
The Queen Alexandra Memorial by Alfred Gilbert was unveiled on 8 June 1932 (Alexandra Rose Day) at Marlborough Gate, London. This is an article about the sculptor see also Alfred Carlton Gilbert for the inventor and toymaker Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. [46] An ode in her memory, "So many true princesses who have gone", composed by the then Master of the King's Musick (Sir Edward Elgar) to words by the Poet Laureate (John Masefield), was sung at the unveiling and conducted by the composer. Master of the Queen's Music (or Master of the King's Music) is a post in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. A Poet Laureate is a Poet officially appointed by a government and is often expected to compose poems for State occasions and other government events John Edward Masefield, OM, ( 1 June 1878 &ndash 12 May 1967) was an English poet and writer and Poet Laureate [47]
Titles, styles, honours and arms
| Styles of Queen Alexandra as consort |
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| Reference style | Her Majesty |
| Spoken style | Your Majesty |
| Alternative style | Ma'am |
Titles and styles
- 1 December 1844 – 31 July 1853[48]: Her Serene Highness Princess Alexandra of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg
- 31 July 1853 – 21 December 1858[49]: Her Highness Princess Alexandra of Denmark
- 21 December 1858 – 10 March 1863: Her Royal Highness Princess Alexandra of Denmark
- 10 March 1863 – 22 January 1901: Her Royal Highness The Princess of Wales
- 22 January 1901 – 6 May 1910: Her Majesty The Queen (Her Imperial Majesty The Empress of India)
- 6 May 1910 – 20 November 1925: Her Majesty Queen Alexandra
Honours
In 1901, she became the first woman to be made a Lady of the Garter since 1495. A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Year 1853 ( MDCCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Year 1853 ( MDCCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 284 - Diocletian was chosen as Roman Emperor. 762 - Bögü Khan of the Uyghurs, Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Most Noble Order of the Garter was founded by King Edward III of England in 1348 as "a society fellowship and college of knights [50][51]
Arms
Queen Alexandra's arms were the Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom impaled with the arms of her father, Christian IX of Denmark
Ancestors
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8. The Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom is the official Coat of arms of the British monarch, currently Queen Elizabeth II. Christian IX ( April 8, 1818 - January 29, 1906) was King of Denmark from November 16, 1863 to January 29 Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck | ||||||||||||
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4. Marriage and issue Friedrich married Countess Friederike of Schlieben ( February 28, 1757 - December 17, 1827 Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg |
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9. Titles styles honours and arms Titles and styles 4 January 1785 - 25 March 1816: His Serene Highness Countess Friederike von Schlieben | ||||||||||||
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2. Christian IX of Denmark |
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10. Christian IX ( April 8, 1818 - January 29, 1906) was King of Denmark from November 16, 1863 to January 29 Charles of Hesse | ||||||||||||
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5. Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel |
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1. Louise Princess of Denmark and Norway ( January 30, 1750 - January 12, 1831) was the daughter of King Frederik V and Princess Alexandra of Denmark |
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6. Prince Frederick of Hesse ( 11 September 1747 &ndash 20 May 1837) was a younger member of the dynasty that ruled the Landgraviate Prince William of Hesse |
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3. Louise of Hesse-Kassel |
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14. Louise of Hesse (Luise Wilhelmine Friederike Caroline Auguste Julie von Hessen-Kassel Louise Wilhelmine Frederikke Caroline Auguste Julie ( 7 September 1817, Hereditary Prince Frederick of Denmark and Norway | ||||||||||||
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7. Frederick (Frederik ( October 11, 1753, Copenhagen - December 7, 1805 Copenhagen was a Hereditary Prince of Denmark Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark |
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15. Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark ( 30 October, 1789 &mdash 28 March, 1864) was a princess of Denmark. Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin | ||||||||||||
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See also
Notes
- ^ a b Eilers, Marlene A. Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Sofie Frederikke af Mecklenburg-Schwerin ( 24 August 1758 &mdash 29 November 1794) was a Princess The Crown of Queen Alexandra was the Consort crown of Alexandra of Denmark, the Queen consort of King Edward - Queen Victoria's Descendants, p. 171
- ^ Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh - Burke's Royal Families of the World, vol. 1, p. 70
- ^ Duff, pp. 16–17
- ^ Duff, p. 18
- ^ Duff, pp. 19–20
- ^ a b c d Priestley, J. B. (1970). John Boynton Priestley, OM ( 13 September, 1894 &ndash 14 August, 1984) was an English Writer and broadcaster The Edwardians. London: Heinemann, p. 17. ISBN 434 60332 5.
- ^ Duff, p. 21
- ^ Prince Albert quoted in Duff, p. 31
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, Dana (1992). Edward VII: Image of an Era 1841-1910. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, p. 1. ISBN 0112905080.
- ^ Bentley-Cranch, p. 44 and Duff, p. 43
- ^ The Landing of HRH The Princess Alexandra at Gravesend, 7th March 1863, National Portrait Gallery.
- ^ Tennyson, Alfred - Welcome to Alexandra, biblomania.com
- ^ Her bridesmaids were The Ladies Diana Beauclerk, Victoria Montagu-Douglas-Scott, Victoria Howard, Elma Bruce, Agneta Yorke, Emily Villiers, Eleanor Hare and Feodora Wellesley
- ^ Duff, p. Emily Theresa Russell Baroness Ampthill, VA ( 9 September 1843 &ndash 22 February 1927) was a British courtier 48–50
- ^ Duff, p. 60
- ^ He died within a few months of the engagement and she married his brother, Alexander, instead. Alexander III Alexandrovich ( 10 March 1845 – 1 November 1894) (Александр III Александрович reigned as Emperor
- ^ Mrs. Blackburn, the head nurse, quoted in Duff, p. 115
- ^ Duff, p. 143
- ^ Duff, pp. 73 and 81
- ^ Duff, p. 82
- ^ Duff, p. 85
- ^ Duff, pp. 93–100
- ^ Duff, p. 111
- ^ Priestley, p. 18 and 180
- ^ Duff, p. 131
- ^ Queen Victoria quoted in Duff, p. 146
- ^ Duff, pp. 148–151
- ^ Duff, p. 184
- ^ Alexandra quoted in Duff, p. 186
- ^ Duff, pp. 196–197
- ^ Duff, p. 215
- ^ Duff, pp. 225–227
- ^ Quoted in Duff, p. 234
- ^ Duff, pp. 207 and 239
- ^ Duff, pp. 239–240
- ^ Duff, pp. 249–250
- ^ Ponsonby's memoirs quoted in Duff, p. 251
- ^ Windsor, p. 77
- ^ Duff, pp. 251–257 and 260
- ^ A. Michie, God Save The Queen, published in 1952.
- ^ Duff, pp. 285–286
- ^ Windsor, pp. 85–86
- ^ Duff, pp. 113, 163 and 192
- ^ Duff, p. 206
- ^ Baron Stockmar, who was a doctor, quoted in Duff, p. Christian Friedrich Freiherr von Stockmar ( 22 August 1787 &ndash 9 July 1863) was an Anglo-Belgian statesman who was a leading player in the 37
- ^ Dorment, Richard. (January 1980). "Alfred Gilbert's Memorial to Queen Alexandra" The Burlington Magazine vol. CXXII p. 47–54
- ^ "Alexandra The Rose Queen" The Times, 9 June 1932 p. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. 13 col. F
- ^ The Peerage – Christian IX
- ^ (1977) in Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh: Burke's Royal Families of the World, Volume 1. London: Burke's Peerage. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Burke's Peerage Baronetage & Knightage is an authoritative in-depth historical guide to the titled families of the United Kingdom. ISBN 0-220-66222-3.
- ^ Duff, pp. 215–216
- ^ Weir, Alison - Britain's Royal Family: A Complete Genealogy, p. 319
References
- Duff, David (1980). Alexandra: Princess and Queen. London: Collins. ISBN 0002166674.
- Priestley, J. B. (1970). John Boynton Priestley, OM ( 13 September, 1894 &ndash 14 August, 1984) was an English Writer and broadcaster The Edwardians. London: Heinemann. ISBN 434 60332 5.
- Windsor, The Duke of (1951). A King's Story: The Memoirs of H. R. H. The Duke of Windsor K. G. . London: Cassell and Co.
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Alexandra of Denmark
Cadet branch of the House of Oldenburg
Born: 1 December 1844 Died: 20 November 1925 |
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| British royalty | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha as Prince consort |
Queen-consort of the United Kingdom 1901–1910 |
Succeeded by Mary of Teck |
| Vacant
No living consort at creation of title
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Empress-consort of India 1901 – 1910 |
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| Vacant
Title last held by
Henrietta Maria of France |
Queen mother 1910 – 1925 |
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| Peerage of the United Kingdom | ||
| Vacant
Title last held by
Caroline of Brunswick |
Princess of Wales 1863 – 1901 |
Succeeded by Mary of Teck |
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