Alexander Sergeyevich Griboyedov (alternative transcription: Griboedov; Александр Сергеевич Грибоедов in Russian) (January 15, 1795 – February 11, 1829) was a Russian diplomat, playwright, and composer. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting Negotiations between representatives of groups or states A playwright, also known as a dramatist, is a person who writes dramatic literature or Drama. A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance He is recognized as homo unius libri, a writer of one book, whose fame rests on the brilliant verse comedy Woe from Wit (or: The Woes of Wit), still one of the most often staged plays in Russia. Homō ūnīus librī ( Latin, meaning "man of one book" is a phrase generally attributed to Thomas Aquinas. Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδίαkomodia has a popular meaning (any discourse generally intended to amuse especially in Television, Film, and One expert, Angela Brintlinger, argues that "not only did Griboedov's contemporaries conceive of his life as the life of a literary hero--ultimately writing a number of narratives featuring him as an essential character--but indeed Griboedov saw himself as a hero and his life as a narrative. Although there is not a literary artifact to prove this, by examining Griboedov's letters and dispatches, one is able to build a historical narrative that fits the literary and behavioural paradigms of his time and that reads like a real adventure novel set in the wild, wild East. "
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Early life
Born in Moscow, Griboyedov studied at the Moscow University from 1810 to 1812. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1812 ( MDCCCXII) a leap year started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year He then obtained a commission in a hussar regiment, but resigned it in 1816. Hussar (original Hungarian spelling huszár, plural huszárok, Husaria refers to a number of types of Light cavalry created in Hungary A regiment is a Military unit, composed of a variable number of Battalions – commanded by a Colonel. Year 1816 ( MDCCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Next year, Griboyedov entered the civil service, and in 1818 was appointed secretary of the Russian legation in Persia, and was transferred to Georgia. See also Bureaucrat The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common A legation was the term used in Diplomacy to denote a diplomatic representative office lower than an Embassy. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between He had commenced writing early and, in 1816, had produced on the stage at St.Petersburg a comedy in verse called The Young Spouses (Молодые супруги), which was followed by other works of the same kind. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River But neither these nor the essays and verses which he wrote would have been long remembered but for the immense success gained by his comedy in verse Woe from Wit (Горе от ума, or Gore ot uma), a satire upon Russian aristocratic society. An essay is usually a short piece of writing It is often written from an author's personal point of view. Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human Aristocracy is a form of Government, where rule is established through an internal struggle over who has the most status and influence over society and internal relations
As a high official depicted in the play styles it, this work is "a pasquinade on Moscow". Pasquinade refers to an anonymous Lampoon, whether in verse or in prose The play's merits are in its accurate representation of certain social and official types-such as Famusov, the lover of old abuses, the hater of reforms; his secretary, Molchalin, servile fawner upon all in office; the aristocratic young liberal and Anglomaniac, Repetilov; contrasted with whom is the hero of the piece, Chatsky, the ironic satirist, just returned from the west of Europe, who exposes and ridicules the weaknesses of the rest, his words echoing that outcry of the young generation of 1820 which reached its climax in the military insurrection of 1825, and was then sternly silenced by Nicholas I. An Anglophile is a person who is fond of English culture and England in general Year 1820 ( MDCCCXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Although rooted in the classical French comedy of Molière, the characters are as much individuals as types, and the interplay between society and individual is a sparkling dialectical give-and-take. Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, also known by his Stage name, Molière, ( January 15, 1622 – February 17 1673) was a French In classical Philosophy, dialectic (διαλεκτική is controversy the exchange of arguments and counter-arguments respectively advocating Propositions
Griboyedov spent the summer of 1823 in Russia, completed his play and took it to St. Year 1823 ( MDCCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Petersburg. There it was rejected by the censors. Censorship is the suppression of speech or deletion of communicative material which may be considered objectionable harmful or sensitive as determined by a censor Many copies were made and privately circulated, but Griboyedov never saw it published. The first edition was printed in 1833, four years after his death. Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Only once did he see it on the stage, when it was acted by the officers of the garrison at Yerevan. Yerevan (Երևան Երեւան or Երեվան ˌjɛrəˈvɑːn sometimes written as Erevan, Iravan, Erewan, Ayrivan, and Erivan Soured by disappointment, he returned to Georgia, made himself useful by his linguistic knowledge to his relative Count Ivan Paskevich during a campaign against Persia, and was sent to St. Linguistics is the scientific study of Language, encompassing a number of sub-fields A count is a Nobleman in European countries The word count comes from French comte, itself from Latin Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich (Иван Фёдорович Паскевич ( &ndash) was a Ukrainian -born military leader in the Russian service The Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828 was the last major military conflict between the Russian Empire and the Persian Empire. Petersburg with the Treaty of Turkmenchay of 1828. The Treaty of Turkmenchay (Туркманчайский договор Persian: عهدنامه ترکمنچای was a treaty negotiated in Turkmenchay by which The year 1828 ( MDCCCXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Brilliantly received there, he thought of devoting himself to literature, and commenced a romantic drama, A Georgian Night (Грузинская ночь, or Gruzinskaya noch'). Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter
Death
Several months after his wedding to the 16-year-old daughter of his friend Prince Chavchavadze, Griboedov was suddenly sent to Persia as Minister Plenipotentiary. Prince Alexander Chavchavadze (ალექსანდრე ჭავჭავაძე Alek'sandre Ch'avch'avadze; Александр Герсеванович Чавчавадзе The system of diplomatic rank has over time been formalised on an international basis In the aftermath of the war and humiliating Treaty of Turkmenchay, the anti-Russian sentiment in Persia was rampant and, soon after Griboedov's arrival at Tehran, a mob stormed the Russian embassy. The Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828 was the last major military conflict between the Russian Empire and the Persian Empire. The Treaty of Turkmenchay (Туркманчайский договор Persian: عهدنامه ترکمنچای was a treaty negotiated in Turkmenchay by which Tehran (or Teheran) ( Persian: تهران Tehrān) is the capital and largest City of Iran, and the administrative center of A diplomatic mission is a group of people from one State or an international Inter-governmental organization (such as the United Nations) present in
The incident had began when an Armenian eunuch who had escaped from the Persian shah's harem, and two Armenian girls from that of his son-in-law's, sought refuge at the Russian embassy. The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large A eunuch (ˈjuːnək is a Castrated man in particular one castrated early enough to have major hormonal consequences the term usually refers to those castrated in order to Shah is an Iranian term for a Monarch (leader that has been adopted in many other languages HAREM is the first evaluation contest of Named entity recognition (NER for Portuguese and its call for participation was announced in September 2004 As agreed to in the Treaty of Turkmenchay, Armenians living in Persia were permitted to return back to Eastern Armenia. Eastern Armenia was the portion of Ottoman Armenia and Persian Armenia that was ceded to the Russian Empire following the Russo-Turkish [1] The Shah demanded that Griboyedov return the three back but Griboyedov refused as he knew what sort of fate awaited them if he did. This caused an uproar throughout the city as several thousand Persians encircled the Russian compound demanding for their release.
At the last moment, Griboyedov only reluctantly decided to give them up when the mob broke through the compound. [2] The Cossack detachment assigned to protect the embassy was too small in number but held off the mob for over an hour until finally being driven back to Griboyedov's office. The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern There, he and the rest of the Cossacks held out even further until the mob broke through and slaughtered them all. Griboyedov's head was cut off and the his body thrown into a rubbish heap (the eunuch was one of the first killed in the assault on the embassy; the fate of the two Armenian girls remains unknown). [3]
His body was for three days so ill-treated by the mob that it was at last recognized only by an old scar on the hand, due to a wound received in a duel. As practiced from the 11th to 20th centuries in Western societies a duel is an engagement in combat between two individuals with matched weapons in accordance with their combat His body was taken to Tiflis and buried in the monastery of Saint David (Mtatsminda Pantheon). Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. The Mtatsminda Pantheon of Writers and Public Figures (მთაწმინდის მწერალთა და საზოგადო მოღვაწეთა პანთეონი His 16-year-old widow, Nino, on hearing of his death, gave premature birth to a child, who died a few hours later. Princess Nino Chavchavadze (ნინო ჭავჭავაძე also known as Nina Griboyedova in a Russian manner ( November 4, 1812 - She lived another thirty years after her husband's death, rejecting all suitors and winning universal admiration by her fidelity to his memory.
One of the main settings for the satire of Mikhail Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita is named after Griboyedov, as is the Griboedov Canal in Central Saint Petersburg. Mikhail Afanasievich Bulgakov (Михаил Афанасьевич Булгаков, Kiev &ndash March 10, 1940, Moscow) was a Russian The Master and Margarita (Мастер и Маргарита is a novel by Mikhail Bulgakov, woven about the premise of a visit by the Devil to the Griboyedov Canal or Kanal Griboyedova (кана́л Грибое́дова is a canal in Saint Petersburg, constructed in 1739 on the basis of the existing Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of MonumentsAdmiralty
References
- ^ Hopkirk, Peter. Peter Hopkirk (born December 15, 1930) is a British Journalist and author who has written six books about the British Empire The Great Game: The Struggle for Empire in Central Asia. New York: Kodansha Globe, 1997 p. 122 ISBN 1-5683-6022-3
- ^ Ibid. , p. 113
- ^ Ibid. , p. 113
Sources
- Brintlinger, Angela. The Persian Frontier: Griboedov as Orientalist and Literary Hero. Canadian Slavonic Papers; Sep-Dec2003, Vol. 45 Issue 3/4, p371-393, 23p
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
- This article incorporates text from D.S. Mirsky's "A History of Russian Literature" (1926-27), a publication now in the public domain. DS Mirsky is the English pen-name of Dmitry Petrovich Svyatopolk-Mirsky (Дми́трий Петро́вич Святопо́лк-Ми́рский (&ndash June 6 The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
- Diplomacy And Murder in Tehran Laurence Kelly
Further reading
- Yuri Tynyanov: Смерть Вазир-Мухтара, 1928
- Alexander Griboyedov: Woe from Wit,Comedy. Translated from the Russian by Alec Vagapov. Laurence Kelly (born 1 December 1946 is a former Irish Fianna Fáil politician Yury Nikolaevich (Nasonovich Tynyanov (יורי טיניאוב Ю́рий Никола́евич (Насонович Тыня́нов October 18, 1894 - Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
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