Count Alexander von Benckendorff, (Russian: граф Александр Христофорович Бенкендорф, Aleksandr Khristoforovich Benkendorf, 1783-September 23, 1844) was a Russian Lieutenant General and statesman, Adjutant General of the Svita and a commander in Patriotic War of 1812 best remembered for having established the Gendarmes in Russia. George Dawe ( February 6, 1781, London — October 15, 1829, Kentish Town) was an English portraitist who painted Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Year 1783 ( MDCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the An Adjutant General is a military chief administrative officer His Imperial Majesty's Suite or HIM Suite ( Russian: Svita, Свита Его Императорского Величества Е The French invasion of Russia in 1812 was a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars.
Alexander von Benckendorff was born to a Baltic German family in Reval (now Tallinn, Estonia). The Baltic Germans (Deutschbalten or Baltendeutsche) were mostly ethnically German inhabitants of the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, which today Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region His brother Konstantin von Benkendorff was a general and diplomat, and his sister Dorothea von Lieven was a socialite and political force famous at London and Paris. Konstantin von Benckendorff (Константин Христофорович Бенкендорф Konstantin Khristoforovich Benkendorf, January 31, 1785 Countess later HSH Princess Dorothea von Lieven ( Latvian: Doroteja fon Līvena; Дарья Христофоровна Ливен Daria Khristoforovna London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city During Napoleon's invasion of Russia, Beckendorff led the Velizh offensive, taking prisoner three French generals as a result. The French invasion of Russia in 1812 was a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars. Velizh (Велиж is a town in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. It is situated on the bank of the Western Dvina, 134 km from Smolensk, at Population When Moscow was liberated, he became the commander of its garrison. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of In the foreign campaigns, he defeated a French contingent at Tempelberg and was one of the first Russians to enter Berlin. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. He further distinguished himself at Leipzig and cleared the Netherlands from the French. The Battle of the Nations (or Battle of Leipzig or Völkerschlacht bei Leipzig) on 16–19 October 1813 was one of the most decisive defeats suffered by Napoleon The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands After the Britons and Prussians arrived to succeed him, his unit proceeded to take Louvain and Mechelen, liberating 600 imprisoned Englishmen on the way. Leuven ( French: Louvain, often used in English German: Löwen) is the capital of the province of Flemish Brabant in the Mechelen ( Mechlin in English is a Dutch-speaking city and municipality in the province of Antwerp, Flanders, Belgium.
In 1821 he attempted to warn Alexander I of the Decembrist clandestine organisations, but the Tsar ignored his note. Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Alexander I of Russia ( Russian: Александр I Павлович / Aleksandr I Pavlovich (23 December 1777 – November 19 1825 served as Emperor of Secret society is a term used to describe a variety of organizations After the 1825 Decembrist Revolt, he sat on the investigation committee and lobbied for the creation of the Corps of Gendarmes and the secret police of Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery. Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Special Corps of Gendarmes (Отдельный корпус жандармов was the uniformed Security police of the Russian Empire in the 19th and early 20th Secret police (sometimes political police) are a Police agency which operates in Secrecy to maintain National security against internal The Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery ( Russian: Tretiye Otdeleniye, or III отделение собственной Е His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancery or HIM Own Chancery (Собственная Его Императорского Величества канцелярия Собственная He was the first Chief of Gendarmes and Executive Director of the Third Section (1826-1844). For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Under his management, the Third Section established a strict censorship over literature and theater plays. Censorship is the suppression of speech or deletion of communicative material which may be considered objectionable harmful or sensitive as determined by a censor He directed the bias in Russian historiography, having said that "Russia's past was admirable, its present is more than magnificent and as for its future—it is beyond anything that the boldest mind can imagine. "[1]
Yet by temperament, he was the very opposite of a proto-Dzerzhinsky or a proto-Beria; he suffered from a bizarre tendency to forget his own name, and periodically had to be reminded of it by consulting his own visiting card [2]. Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (ლავრენტი პავლეს ძე ბერია Lavrenti Pavles dze Beria; Russian: Лаврентий Павлович After the mid 1830's, his family seat was the Gothic Revival manor, Schloss Fall (now Keila-Joa) near Tallinn [3]. The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began
Further reading
- Ronald Hingley, The Russian Secret Police: Muscovite, Imperial, and Soviet Political Security Operations (Simon & Schuster, New York, 1970). ISBN 0-671-20886-1
- R. J. Stove, The Unsleeping Eye: Secret Police and Their Victims (Encounter Books, San Francisco, 2003). ISBN 1-893554-66-X
- Judith Lissauer Cromwell, "Dorothea Lieven: A Russian Princess in London and Paris" (McFarland and Co. , 2007) ISBN 0-7864-2651-9
Benckendorff's Notes
In 2001, a Moscow publisher came out with Zapiski Zapiski Benkendorfa: 1812 God: Otechestvennaia Voina; 1813 God: Osvobozhdenie Niderlandov (Yaziki Slav'anskix Kul'tur, Moscow, 2001). ISBN 5-7859-0228-1. (The title translates to Benkendorf's notes: 1812: The Patriotic war; 1813: Liberation of the Netherlands). This book reproduces two sections of Benckendorff's private notes which had previously not seen publication since 1903, along with commentary, some associated regimental history and letters.
According to the book cited above, Benckendorff kept personal notes/diaries throughout his life. One additional source for his notes, in this case from the late 1830's, can be found in volume 91 of the journal Istoricheskij (alternate spelling: Istoricheskii) Vestnik for 1903.
Links
http://www.mois.ee/english/harju/keilajoa.shtml - overview of Keila-Joa (in German: Schloss Fall) manor in Estonian Manors Portal
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic