Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Суво́ров) (sometimes transliterated as Aleksandr, Aleksander and Suvarov), Count Suvorov of Rymnik, Prince of Italy, Count of Holy Roman Empire (граф Рымникский, князь Италийский) (November 24, 1729 – May 18, 1800), was the fourth and last Russian generalissimus (not counting Stalin). Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages A count is a Nobleman in European countries The word count comes from French comte, itself from Latin Râmnicu Sărat (also spelled Rîmnicu Sărat, IPA pronunciation /'rɨm Prince, from the Latin root Princeps, is a general term for a Monarch, for a member of a monarch's or former monarch's family and is a Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Year 1729 ( MDCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Year -of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar until Friday, but 12 days ahead since Saturday. Generalissimo or Generalissimus is a military rank of the highest degree superior to a Field Marshal or Grand Admiral. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party One of the few great generals in history who never lost a battle, he was famed for his manual The Science of Victory and noted for the sayings "Train hard, fight easy", "The bullet is a fool, the bayonet is a fine chap", "Perish yourself but rescue your comrade!". He taught his soldiers to attack instantly and decisively: 'attack with the cold steel - push hard with the bayonet!' His soldiers adored him. He joshed with the men, called the common soldiers 'brother', and shrewdly presented the results of detailed planning and careful strategy as the work of inspiration. [1]
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Early life and career
Suvorov was born into a noble family of Novgorod descent at the Moscow mansion of his maternal grandfather Fedosey Manukov (a landowner from Oryol gubernia and an official of Peter I). Veliky Novgorod (Вели́кий Но́вгород is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia and the administrative center of Novgorod Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of History While there are no historical records archaeological evidence proves that a fortress settlement existed between the Oka and Orlik Rivers as early as the 12th century Guberniya (губе́рния) (also gubernia, guberniia, gubernya) was a major administrative subdivision of Imperial Russia, usually
Suvorov entered the army as a boy, served against the Swedes during the war in Finland and against the Prussians during the Seven Years' War (1756 - 1763). "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Russo-Swedish War of 1741–1743, known as the Hats' Russian War in Sweden and the Hats' War in Finland, which resulted in the Lesser Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths In 1761 he became a freemason in Saint Petersburg's Des Trois Etoiles lodge. Year 1761 ( MDCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River After repeatedly distinguishing himself in battle he became a colonel in 1762.
Suvorov next served in Poland during the Confederation of Bar, dispersed the Polish forces under Pułaski, captured Kraków (1768) paving the way for the first partition of Poland[2] and reached the rank of major-general. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The Bar Confederation ( Polish: Konfederacja barska; 1768&ndash1772 was an association of Polish nobles ( Szlachta) formed at the fortress For things named to honor Kazimierz Pułaski see Pulaski. Kazimierz Pułaski of Clan Ślepowron ( often written Casimir Pulaski Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland The First Partition of Poland or First Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in 1772 as the first of three partitions that ended the existence The Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 saw his first campaigns against the Turks in 1773–1774, and particularly in the battle of Kozluca, he laid the foundations of his reputation. The Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 was a decisive conflict that brought Southern Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, and Crimea within the orbit of the Russian The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish
In 1775, Suvorov was dispatched to suppress the rebellion of Pugachev, but arrived at the scene only in time to conduct the first interrogation of the rebel leader, who had been betrayed by his fellow Cossacks and was eventually beheaded in Moscow. The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern
Scourge of the Poles and the Turks
From 1777 to 1783 Suvorov served in the Crimea and in the Caucasus, becoming a lieutenant-general in 1780, and general of infantry in 1783, upon completion of his tour of duty there. Crimea (kraɪˈmiːə or the Autonomous Republic of Crimea (Крим Автономна Республіка Крим Avtonomna Respublika Krym; Крым The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East From 1787 to 1791 he again fought the Turks during the Russo-Turkish War of 1787–1792 and won many victories; he was wounded twice at Kinburn (1787), took part in the siege of Ochakov, and in 1788 won two great victories at Focşani and by the river Rimnik. The Russo–Turkish War of 1787–1792 involved a futile attempt by the Ottoman Empire to regain lands lost to Russia in the course of the previous Russo–Turkish The Battle of Kinburn was fought on 1 October, 1787 as part of the Russo-Turkish War 1787-1792. This article is about the city of Ochakiv in Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine. The Battle of Focşani, Battle of Fokschani, or Battle of Focsani was a battle in the Russo–Turkish War of 1787–1792 fought on July 21 Râmnicu Sărat (also spelled Rîmnicu Sărat, IPA pronunciation /'rɨm
In both these battles an Austrian corps under Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg participated, but at Rimnik Suvorov was in command of the whole allied forces. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Prince Frederick Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld ( December 26, 1737 - February 26, 1815) was a famous general of the Habsburg Emperors In the Battle of Rymnik ( September 22, 1789) took place in Wallachia, near Râmnicu Sărat, during the Russo-Turkish War. For the latter victory, Catherine the Great made Suvorov a count with the name "Rimniksky" in addition to his own name, and the Emperor Joseph II made him a count of the Holy Roman Empire. Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years A victory title is an honorific title adopted by a successful military commander to commemorate his defeat of an enemy nation Heir and co-regent Joseph was born in the midst of the early upheavals of the War of the Austrian Succession. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in On 22 December 1790 Suvorov successfully stormed the reputedly impenetrable fortress of Ismail in Bessarabia. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year For the class of Russian warships see Izmail class battlecruiser. Bessarabia ( Basarabia in Romanian, Бесарабія in Ukrainian, Бессарабия in Russian, Бесарабия in Bulgarian Turkish forces inside the fortress had the orders to stand their ground to the end and haughtily declined the Russian ultimatum. Their defeat was seen as a major catastrophe in the Ottoman empire, but in Russia it was glorified in the first national anthem, Let the thunder of victory sound!
Suvorov announced the capture of Ismail in 1791 to the Tsarina Catherine in a doggerel couplet, after the assault had been pressed from house to house, room to room, and nearly every Muslim man, woman, and child in the city had been killed in three days of uncontrolled massacre, 40,000 Turks dead, a few hundred taken into captivity. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Grom pobedy razdavaysya! (Гром побе́дыраздава́йся! English translation: Let the thunder of victory sound) was an unofficial Russian national For the class of Russian warships see Izmail class battlecruiser. Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion For all his bluffness, Suvorov later told an English traveller that when the massacre was over he went back to his tent and wept. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland [3]
Immediately after the peace with Turkey was signed, Suvorov was again transferred to Poland, where he assumed the command of one of the corps and took part in the Battle of Maciejowice, in which he captured the Polish commander-in-chief Tadeusz Kościuszko. The Battle of Maciejowice was fought on October 10 1794 between Poland and the Russian Empire. Andrzej Tadeusz Bonawentura Kościuszko (; 1746 &ndash 1817 was a Polish and American national hero and general On November 4, 1794, Suvorov's forces stormed Warsaw and captured Praga, one of its boroughs. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Year 1794 ( MDCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. The Battle of Praga or Battle of Warsaw of 1794 was a Russian assault of Praga, the easternmost suburb of Warsaw, during the Kościuszko The massacre of approximately 20,000 civilians in Praga[4] broke the spirits of the defenders and soon put an end to the Kościuszko Uprising. The Kościuszko Uprising was an uprising led by Tadeusz Kościuszko in Poland and Lithuania in 1794 According to some sources [5] the massacre was the deed of Cossacks who were semi-independent and were not directly subordinated to Suvorov. The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern The Russian general was supposedly trying to stop the massacre and even went as far as to order the destruction of the bridge to Warsaw over the Vistula river [6] with the purpose of preventing the spread of violence to Warsaw from its suburb. Other historians dispute this[7], but most sources make no reference to Suvorov either purposely encouraging or attempting to prevent the massacre. [8]. Suvorov nonetheless allowed his troops to loot the city for a much longer period than was usually accepted, which might have been seen by some, particularly the unruly Cossacks, as green light to do whatever they wanted. The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern [9]
It is said that the Russian commander sent a report to his sovereign consisting of only three words: Hurrah from Warsaw, Suvorov. The Empress of Russia replied equally briefly: Congratulations, Field Marshal. For other meanings see Field Marshal (disambiguation Field marshal is a military officer rank Catherine. The newly-appointed field marshal remained in Poland until 1795, when he returned to Saint Petersburg. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River But his sovereign and friend Catherine died in 1796, and her successor Paul I dismissed the veteran in disgrace. Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years Paul (Па́вел I Петро́вич Pavel Petrovich) ( &ndash) was the Emperor of Russia between 1796 and 1801
Suvorov's Italian campaign
Suvorov spent the next few years in retirement on his estate Konchanskoe near Borovichi. The Italian and Swiss expeditions of 1799 and 1800 were undertaken by the Russian commander Alexander Suvorov against French forces Borovichi (Боровичи is the second largest town in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, with a population of 57755 ( 2002 Census) He criticised the new military tactics and dress introduced by the emperor, and some of his caustic verse reached the ears of Paul. His conduct therefore came under surveillance and his correspondence with his wife, who had remained at Moscow - for his marriage relations had not been happy - was tampered with. On Sundays he tolled the bell for church and sang among the rustics in the village choir. On week days he worked among them in a smock-frock. A smock-frock or smock is an outer garment worn by rural workers in England and Wales from at least the early Eighteenth century. However, in February 1799 Emperor Paul I summoned him to take the field again, this time against the French Revolutionary armies in Italy. Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest
The campaign opened with a series of Suvorov's victories (Cassano d'Adda, Trebbia, Novi). The French Revolutionary Wars were a series of major conflicts from 1792 until 1802 fought between the French Revolutionary government and several European states The battle of Cassano d'Adda was a battle in the French Revolutionary Wars that was fought on April 27, 1799 near Cassano d'Adda. The Battle of Trebbia was fought on June 19 1799 and resulted in the victory of the Austrians and Russians under Field Marshal Suvorov The Battle of Novi was a Battle near Novi Ligure, Italy. It was fought on August 15, 1799 in the French Revolutionary Wars This reduced the French government to desperate straits and drove every French soldier from Italy, save for the handful under Moreau, which maintained a foothold in the Maritime Alps and around Genoa. Jean Victor Marie Moreau ( February 14, 1763 &ndash September 2, 1813) was a French general who helped Napoleon Bonaparte The Maritime Alps are a Mountain range in the south-western part of the Alps. Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English Suvorov himself gained the rank of "prince of the House of Savoy" from the king of Sardinia. The House of Savoy (Casa Savoia was formed in the early eleventh century in the historical Savoy region Charles Emmanuel IV ( May 24, 1751 – October 6, 1819) was King of Sardinia from 1796 to 1802
But the later events of the eventful year went uniformly against the Russians. General Korsakov's force was defeated by Masséna at Zürich. Alexander Rimsky-Korsakov ( August 24, 1753 – May 25, 1840) was a Russian General remembered as an unlucky assistant to Zürich (, Zürich German: Züri, Zurich, Zurigo; in English generally Zurich) is the largest city in Switzerland and capital of the Betrayed by the Austrians, the old field marshal, seeking to make his way over the Swiss passes to the Upper Rhine, had to retreat to Vorarlberg, where the army, much shattered and almost destitute of horses and artillery, went into winter quarters. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Vorarlberg is the westernmost state ( Land) of Austria. Though it is the second smallest in terms of area ( Vienna is the smallest it borders When Suvorov battled his way through the snow-capped Alps his army was checked but never defeated. For this marvel of strategic retreat, unheard of since the time of Hannibal, Suvorov became the fourth generalissimo of Russia. Hannibal (Pronounced in Phoenician: Hanniba'al means " Ba'al is my grace " or " Ba'al has given me grace " 247 BC &ndash Generalissimo or Generalissimus is a military rank of the highest degree superior to a Field Marshal or Grand Admiral. He was officially promised to be given the military triumph in Russia but the court intrigues led the Emperor Paul to cancel the ceremony.
Early in 1800 Suvorov returned to Saint Petersburg. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Paul refused to give him an audience, and, worn out and ill, the old veteran died a few days afterwards on 18 May 1800, at Saint Petersburg. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Year -of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar until Friday, but 12 days ahead since Saturday. Lord Whitworth, the English ambassador, and the poet Derzhavin were the only persons of distinction present at the funeral. Charles Whitworth Earl Whitworth GCB, PC (1752 – 1825 was a British diplomatist and politician Gavriil (Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin (Гаврии́л (Гаври́ла Рома́нович Держа́вин July 14 1743 &ndash July 20 1816 was the greatest Russian poet
Suvorov lies buried in the church of the Annunciation in the Alexander Nevsky Monastery, the simple inscription on his grave stating, according to his own direction, "Here lies Suvorov". Alexander Nevsky Lavra or Alexander Nevsky Monastery was founded by Peter the Great in 1710 at the eastern end of the Nevsky Prospekt in But within a year of his death the tsar Alexander I erected a statue to his memory in the Field of Mars. Alexander I of Russia ( Russian: Александр I Павлович / Aleksandr I Pavlovich (23 December 1777 – November 19 1825 served as Emperor of The Field of Mars or Marsovo Polye (Ма́рсово по́ле is a large park and square in the center of Saint Petersburg with an area of almost 9 hectares
Progeny and titles
Suvorov's full name and titles (according to Russian pronunciation), ranks and awards are the following: Aleksandr Vasiliyevich Suvorov, Prince of Italy, Count of Rimnik, Count of the Holy Roman Empire, Prince of Sardinia, Generalissimo of Russia's Ground and Naval forces, Field Marshal of the Austrian and Sardinian Armies; seriously wounded six times, he was the recipient of the Order of St. Andrew the First Called Apostle, Order of St. George the Triumphant First Class, Order of St. Vladimir First Class, Order of St. Alexander Nevsky, Order of St. Anna First Class, Grand Cross of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, (Austria) Order of Maria Teresa First Class, (Prussia) Order of the Black Eagle, Order of the Red Eagle, the Pour le Merite, (Sardinia) Order of the Revered Saints Maurice and Lazarus, (Bavaria) Order of St. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Sardinia (sɑrˈdɪnɪə Sardegna Sardigna or Sardinnya is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily) For the Barbados honour see Order of St Andrew (Barbados; for the Eastern Orthodox Christian honour see Archons of the Ecumenical the "Order of Saint George" was also a Chivalric order founded by Charles I of Hungary in 1325. The Cross of Saint Vladimir was an Imperial Russian Order established in 1782 by Empress Catherine II in memory of the deeds of Saint History The introduction of the Imperial Order of St Alexander Nevsky was planned by Russian Emperor Peter I of Russia and was established in Russia by The Order of St Anna (or "Order of Saint Ann" Орден святой Анны was a Holstein and then Russian Order of chivalry established The Knights Hospitaller (also known as the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St Gubert, the Golden Lionness, (France) United Orders of the Carmelite Virgin Mary and St. Lazarus, (Poland) Order of the White Eagle, the Order of St. Stanislaus. The Order of the White Eagle (Order Orła Białego is Poland 's highest decoration awarded to both civilians and the military for their merits The Order of Saint Stanislaus (Polish Order św Stanisława Russian Орденъ св
Suvorov's son Arkadi (1783 - 1811) served as a general officer in the Russian army during the Napoleonic and Turkish wars of the early 19th century, and drowned in the same river Rimnik that had brought his father so much fame. His grandson Alexander Arkadievich (1804 - 1882) served as Governor General of Riga in 1848-61 and Saint Petersburg in 1861-66. Riga (Rīga riːga) the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava.
Assessment
The Russians long cherished the memory of Suvorov. A great captain, viewed from the standpoint of any age of military history, he functions specially as the great captain of the Russian nation, for the character of his leadership responded to the character of the Russian soldier. A nation is a Human Cultural and Social Community. In as much as most members never meet each other yet feel a common bond it may be considered The word leadership can refer to Those entities that perform one or more acts of leading In an age when war had become an act of diplomacy he restored its true significance as an act of force. Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting Negotiations between representatives of groups or states He had a great simplicity of manner, and while on a campaign lived as a private soldier, sleeping on straw and contenting himself with the humblest fare. But he had himself passed through all the gradations of military service.
According to D.S. Mirsky, Suvorov "gave much attention to the form of his correspondence, and especially of his orders of the day. DS Mirsky is the English pen-name of Dmitry Petrovich Svyatopolk-Mirsky (Дми́трий Петро́вич Святопо́лк-Ми́рский (&ndash June 6 These latter are highly original, deliberately aiming at unexpected and striking effects. Their style is a succession of nervous staccato sentences, which produce the effect of blow and flashes. Suvorov's official reports often assume a memorable and striking form. His writings are as different from the common run of classical prose as his tactics were from those of Frederick or Marlborough". Frederick II (Friedrich II January 24 1712 August 17 1786) was a King of Prussia (1740&ndash1786 from the [10]
His gibes procured him many enemies. He had all the contempt of a man of ability and action for ignorant favourites and ornamental carpet-knights. But his drolleries served sometimes to hide, more often to express, a soldierly genius, the effect of which the Russian army did not soon outgrow. If the tactics of the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904 - 1905 reflected too literally some of the maxims of Suvorov’s Turkish wars, the spirit of self-sacrifice, resolution and indifference to losses there shown formed a precious legacy from those wars. The Russo-Japanese War (日露戦争 Romaji: Nichi-Ro Sensō Русско-японская война Russko-Yaponskaya Voyna;, 10 February 1904 – 5 September Mikhail Ivanovich Dragomirov declared that he based his teaching on Suvorov's practice, which he held representative of the fundamental truths of war and of the military qualities of the Russian nation. Mikhail Ivanovich Dragomirov ( Михаил Иванович Драгомиров in Russian) ( November 8 (NS 20 1830 - October 15
The magnificent Suvorov Museum was opened in Saint Petersburg to commemorate the centenary of the general's death, in 1900. Suvorov Memorial Museum (Russian Музей Суворова in Saint Petersburg, Russia is a military Museum dedicated to the memory of Generalissimo Alexander Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Apart from St. Petersburg, other Suvorov monuments have been erected in Focsani, Ochakov (1907), Sevastopol, Izmail, Tulchin, Kobrin, Novaya Ladoga, Kherson, Timanovka, Simferopol, Kaliningrad, Konchanskoye, Rymnik, and in the Swiss Alps. Focşani (/fok'ʃanʲ/ Fokschan Foksány is the capital city of Vrancea County in Romania on the shores the Milcov river. This article is about the city of Ochakiv in Mykolaiv Oblast, Ukraine. Sevastopol ( see pronunciation below) is a port city in Ukraine, located on the Black Sea coast of the Crimea Peninsula For the class of Russian warships see Izmail class battlecruiser. Tulchyn (Тульчин translit Tul’chyn, Polish: Tulczyn Romanian: Tulcin is a small City in the Vinnytsya Oblast Kobryn or Kobrin (Ко́брын 'kɔbrɨn קאברין Kobryń Ко́брин is a city in the Brest voblast of Belarus and the center of the Novaya Ladoga (Но́вая Ла́дога is a town in Volkhovsky District of Leningrad Oblast, Russia, located at the point where the Kherson (Херсон is a City in southern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of the Kherson Oblast ( province) and is Simferopol (English pronunciation ˌsɪmfəˈroʊpəl (Сімферополь Симферополь Aqmescit literally The white mosque) is the Capital of the Kaliningrad (Калининград is a Seaport and the administrative center of Kaliningrad Oblast, the Russian Exclave between Poland Râmnicu Sărat (also spelled Rîmnicu Sărat, IPA pronunciation /'rɨm The Swiss Alps (Schweizer Alpen Alpes suisses Alpi svizzere Alps svizras are the central portion of the Alps Mountain range that lies within On July 29, 1942 The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR established the Order of Suvorov. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet ( Президиум Верховного Совета in Russian, or Prezidium Verkhovnogo Soveta was a Soviet The Order of Suvorov ( Russian Орден Суворова is a Soviet award named after Aleksandr Suvorov (1729-1800 that was established on July It was awarded for successful offensive actions against superior enemy forces.
References
- ^ J. Goodwin, Lords of the Horizons, p. 244, 1998, Henry Holt and Company
- ^ (July 10, 2001) in Cowley, Robert; Parker, Geoffrey: The Reader's Companion to Military History. Houghton Mifflin Books, 457. ISBN 0-618-12742-9. Retrieved on 2006-09-10. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde.
- ^ J. Goodwin, Lords of the Horizons, p. 244, 1998, Henry Holt and Company, ISBN 0-8050-6342-0
- ^ : Ledonne, 2003, p. 144 Google Print and Alexander, 1989, p. 317 Google Print
- ^ (Russian) Alexander Bushkov Russia that never existed, cites Adam Jerzy Czartoryski's memoirs that Suvorov was trying to prevent the massacre
- ^ (Russian)A. Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski (also known in English as Adam George Czartoryski; January 14 1770 – July 15 1861 was a Polish noble, Statesman F. Petrushevsky. "Generalissimo Prince Suvorov", chapter "Polish war: Praga, 1794", originally published 1884, reprinted 2005, ISBN 5-98447-010-1
- ^ (Polish) Janusz Tazbir, Polacy na Kremlu i inne historyje (Poles on Kreml and other stories), Iskry, 2005, ISBN 83-207-1795-7, fragment online
- ^ [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10]
- ^ John Leslie Howard, Soldiers of the Tsar: Army and Society in Russia, 1462-1874, Keep, Oxford University Press, 1995, ISBN 019822575X, [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN019822575X&id=X7aBrrs4iOMC&pg=PA216&lpg=PA216&dq=Soviet+looting+Poland&sig=4l93Z-mtZ8pueSTnSFE6uzM0k18 Google Print, p. Janusz Tazbir is an acclaimed Polish historian specializing in culture and religion of Poland in 16th and 17th centuries. 216
- ^ Mirsky, D.S. (1999). DS Mirsky is the English pen-name of Dmitry Petrovich Svyatopolk-Mirsky (Дми́трий Петро́вич Святопо́лк-Ми́рский (&ndash June 6 A History of Russian Literature. Northwestern University Press, 60-61. ISBN 0-8101-1679-0.
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
- Ledonne, John P. (2003). The Grand Strategy of the Russian Empire. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0-19-516100-9.
- Alexander, John T. (1999). Catherine the Great: Life and Legend. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0-19-506162-4.
Further reading
- Anthing, Versuch einer Kriegsgeschichte des Grafen Suworow (Gotha, 1796 - 1799)
- F. von Smut, Suworows Leben und Heerzüge (Vilna, 1833—1834) and Suworow and Polens Untergang (Leipzig, 1858,)
- Von Reding-Biberegg, Der Zug Suworows durch die Schweiz (Zürich 1896)
- Lieut. -Colonel Spalding, Suvorof (London, 1890)
- G. von Fuchs, Suworows Korrespondenz, 1799 (Glogau, 1835)
- Souvorov en Italie by Gachot, Masséna’s biographer (Paris, 1903)
- The standard Russian biographies of Polevoi (1853; Ger. trans. , Mitau, 1853); Rybkin (Moscow, 1874), Vasiliev (Vilna, 1899), Meshcheryakov and Beskrovnyi (Moscow, 1946), and Osipov (Moscow, 1955).
- The Russian examinations of his martial art, by Bogolyubov (Moscow, 1939) and Nikolsky (Moscow, 1949).
- "1799 le baionette sagge" by Marco Galandra and Marco Baratto (Pavia, 1999).
- "SUVOROV - La Campagna Italo-Svizzera e la liberazione di Torino nel 1799" by Maria Fedotova ed. Pintore (Torino, 2004).
External links
- Alexander V. Suvorov: Russian Field Marshal, 1729-1800
- Speed, Assessment, and Hitting Power: Suvorov's Art of Victory
- Suvorov military museum in Saint Petersburg
- Suvorov's home and family
- Suvorov - the one man who could have stopped Bonaparte
- Aleksandr Suvorov: Count of Rymniksky and Prince of Italy
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