Alexander Litvinenko Александр Литвиненко
Born	30 August 1962(1962-08-30) Voronezh, USSR
Died	23 November 2006 (aged 44) London, United Kingdom (radiation poisoning)
Occupation	KGB security officer and later Russian dissident and writer
Religious beliefs	Russian Orthodox to 2006 (Deathbed conversion to Islam)

Alexander Valterovich Litvinenko (Russian: Алекса́ндр Ва́льтерович Литвине́нко) (30 August 1962^[1][2] – 23 November 2006) was a former officer of the Russian State security service, and later a Russian dissident and writer. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Voronezh (Воро́неж) is a large city in southwestern Russia not far from Ukraine. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Radiation poisoning, also called " radiation sickness " or a " creeping dose " is a form of damage to organ tissue due to excessive exposure to KGB ( Transliteration of "КГБ" is the Russian abbreviation of Committee for State Security ( Komityet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosty Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation ( FSB) ( Russian: ФСБ Федера́льная слу́жба безопа́сности Federalnaya Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending A dissident, broadly defined is a person who actively challenges an established doctrine policy or institution A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms

Litvinenko became a KGB officer in 1986, and two years later, was moved into the Military Counter Intelligence. KGB ( Transliteration of "КГБ" is the Russian abbreviation of Committee for State Security ( Komityet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosty Military counterintelligence of the Red Army and later of the Soviet Army throughout all its history was controlled by the Soviet Secret police (Cheka GPU NKVD He was promoted to the Central Staff, and specialised in counter-terrorism and infiltration of organised crime. Counter-terrorism or counterterrorism refers to the practices tactics, techniques and strategies that Governments militaries, Police departments "Crime syndicate" redirects here For the DC Comics group of villains see Crime Syndicate. Six years later, he was promoted to senior operational officer and deputy head of the Seventh Section of the FSB. The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation ( FSB) ( Russian: ФСБ Федера́льная слу́жба безопа́сности Federalnaya

In November 1998, Litvinenko publicly accused his superiors of ordering the assassination of Russian tycoon and oligarch, Boris Berezovsky. Business oligarch is a near-synonym of the term " Business magnate " Boris Abramovich Berezovsky (Бори́с Абра́мович Березо́вский (also known as Platon Elenin (born January 23, 1946) is a Russian Litvinenko was arrested the following March on charges of exceeding his authority at work. He was acquitted in November 1999 but re-arrested before the charges were again dismissed in 2000. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. A third criminal case began but he fled the country to the United Kingdom with his wife, where he was granted political asylum. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Right of asylum (or political asylum) is an ancient Judicial notion under which a person persecuted for political opinions or religious beliefs in his During his time in London Litvinenko authored two books, "Blowing up Russia: Terror from within" and "Lubyanka Criminal Group," where he accused Russian secret services of staging Russian apartment bombings and other terrorism acts to bring Vladimir Putin to power. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Blowing up Russia Terror from within (ФСБ взрывает Россию is a book written by Alexander Litvinenko and Yuri Felshtinsky. Lubyanka Criminal Group is a book by Alexander Litvinenko and Alexander Goldfarb about the alleged transformation of the Russian Security Services The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation ( FSB) ( Russian: ФСБ Федера́льная слу́жба безопа́сности Federalnaya The Russian apartment bombings were a series of explosions that hit four apartment blocks in the Russian cities of Buynaksk, Moscow and Volgodonsk The governments of Russia, and its predecessor state the Soviet Union, have been accused of acts of State terrorism on many occasions Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia ^[3][4] He also made a wide range of other claims against Russian secret services and Putin through interviews and articles he wrote.

On 1 November 2006, Litvinenko suddenly fell ill and was hospitalized. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Alexander Litvinenko was a former officer of Russian Federal Security Service, who escaped prosecution in Russia and received a Political asylum in He died three weeks later from lethal poisoning by radioactive polonium-210. Polonium (pəˈloʊniəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Po and Atomic number 84 discovered in 1898 by Marie and Pierre Curie According to medical professionals, "Litvinenko’s murder represents an ominous landmark: the beginning of an era of nuclear terrorism. Nuclear terrorism denotes the use or threat of the use of Nuclear weapons or Radiological weapons in acts of Terrorism, including attacks against facilities "^[5][6][7][8]

Contents 1 Early life 2 Career in Russian security services 3 Dissidence 3.1 Flight 4 Allegations against the Russian Government 4.1 Armenian parliament shooting 4.2 Russian apartment bombings 4.3 Moscow theatre hostage crisis 4.4 Alleged support of terrorism worldwide by KGB and FSB 4.4.1 Claim about visit of Ayman al-Zawahiri to Russia 4.4.2 2005 London bombings 4.5 Accusing Putin of pedophilia 4.6 Assassination of Anna Politkovskaya 4.7 Prediction that he and others will be assassinated by Russian agents 5 Allegations concerning Romano Prodi 6 Shooting practice controversy 7 Illness and poisoning 7.1 Investigation 8 Conversion to Islam 9 Death and last statement 10 Alleged MI6 involvement 11 See also 11.1 Subjects 11.2 People 12 References 13 His books 14 Books and Films about him 15 External links

Early life

Alexander Litvinenko was born the son of physician Walter Litvinenko in the Russian city of Voronezh. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health Voronezh (Воро́неж) is a large city in southwestern Russia not far from Ukraine. ^[1] He graduated from secondary school in 1980 in Nalchik and was then drafted into the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs as a Private. High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution Nalchik (На́льчик Kabardian: Налшык Balkar: Нальчик is a city in the Caucasus region of southern Russia Internal Troops, full name Internal Troops of the Ministry for Internal Affairs (MVD ( Russian: Внутренние войска Министерства After a year of service, he matriculated in the Kirov Higher Command School in Vladikavkaz. Vladikavkaz (Владикавка́з vladʲikaf'kas Дзæуджыхъæу ( Dzæudjyqæu) (means «Dzaug's settlement» is the capital city of the Republic After graduation in 1985, Litvinenko became a platoon commander in an Internal Troops regiment that guarded valuables in transit and in 1988 moved to the KGB. A platoon is a military unit typically composed of two to four sections or Squads and containing about 30 to 50 soldiers A regiment is a Military unit, composed of a variable number of Battalions – commanded by a Colonel. ^[2][9]

Career in Russian security services

Litvinenko became an agent of the KGB in 1986. KGB ( Transliteration of "КГБ" is the Russian abbreviation of Committee for State Security ( Komityet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosty In 1988, he was officially transferred to the Third Chief Directorate of the KGB, Military Counter Intelligence. Military counterintelligence of the Red Army and later of the Soviet Army throughout all its history was controlled by the Soviet Secret police (Cheka GPU NKVD Later that year, after studying for a year at the Novosibirsk Military Counter Intelligence School, he became an operational officer and served in KGB military counterintelligence until 1991. History The city was founded in 1893 as the future site of the Trans-Siberian Railway bridge crossing the great Siberian river Ob, and was known as This article is a subset article of Intelligence cycle security. ^[10]

In 1991, he was promoted to the Central Staff of the MB-FSK-FSB of Russia, specialising in counter-terrorist activities and infiltration of organised crime. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Counter-terrorism or counterterrorism refers to the practices tactics, techniques and strategies that Governments militaries, Police departments "Crime syndicate" redirects here For the DC Comics group of villains see Crime Syndicate. He was awarded the title of "MUR veteran" for operations conducted with the Moscow criminal investigation department, the MUR. Litvinenko also saw active military service in many of the so-called "hot spots" of the former USSR and Russia. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending During the First Chechen War Litvinenko planted several FSB agents in Chechnya. The First Chechen War also known as the War in Chechnya was fought between Russia and Chechnya from 1994 to 1996 and resulted in Chechnya's Three of them were "caught to the end, thanks to our man in Nalchik [FSB]", according to Akhmed Zakayev, who also claimed that Chechens did not kill Litvinenko during the war mostly because they "did not want to compromise our own man". Nalchik (На́льчик Kabardian: Налшык Balkar: Нальчик is a city in the Caucasus region of southern Russia Akhmed Khalidovich Zakayev ( Ахмед Халидович Закаев) (born April 26 1956 in Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union) is the former Deputy ^[11] Litvinenko also served as a foot soldier during the disastrous Russian operation in the Chechen-Dagestani village of Pervomayskoye, where two of his comrades were killed by friendly fire from the rocket artillery. The Kizlyar-Pervomayskoye hostage crisis, known in Russia as the terrorist act in Kizylar (Террористический акт в Кизляре was a Pervomaysky (masculine Pervomayskaya (feminine or Pervomayskoye is a Russian name derived from May Day ( May 1) Friendly fire or non-hostile fire, a term originally adopted by the United States military, refers to fire from one's own side or allied forces as Rocket artillery is a type of Artillery equipped with rocket launchers instead of conventional guns or mortars.

In 1997, Litvinenko was promoted to the Department for the Analysis of Criminal Organisations of the FSB, with the title of senior operational officer and deputy head of the Seventh Section. He was in charge of the protection of Boris Berezovsky, when Berezovsky held a government position. Boris Abramovich Berezovsky (Бори́с Абра́мович Березо́вский (also known as Platon Elenin (born January 23, 1946) is a Russian ^[12] He was never an 'intelligence agent' and did not deal with secrets beyond information on operations against organised criminal groups. ^[13].

Dissidence

During his work in the FSB Litvinenko discovered numerous connections between top brass of Russian law enforcement agencies and Russian mafia groups, such as Solntsevo gang. Russian Mafia ( Русская мафия, Russkaya Mafiya) Red Mob ( Красная мафия Krasnaya Mafiya) or The Solntsevskaya bratva, or Solntsevskaya brotherhood ( Russian:Солнцевская братва are a powerful Organized crime family from He wrote a memorandum about that to Boris Yeltsin. Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin () (1 February 1931 23 April 2007 was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999 Berezovsky arranged a meeting for him with FSB director Barsukov and Deputy Director of Internal affairs Ovchinnikov to discuss the corruption problems ^[14] However this had no effect. Litvinenko gradually realized that the entire system was corrupted from the top to the bottom. He explained ^[14]:

"If your partner bilked you, or a creditor did not pay, or a supplier did not deliver - where did you turn to complain? . . . When force became a commodity, there was always demand for it. "Roofs" appeared, people who sheltered and protected your business. A racket is an illegal business usually run as part of Organized crime. First it was provided by the mob, then by police, and soon even our own guys realized what was what, and then the rivalry began among gangsters, cops, and the Agency for marker share. The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation ( FSB) ( Russian: ФСБ Федера́льная слу́жба безопа́сности Federalnaya As the police and the FSB became more competitive, the squeezed the gangs out of the market. But in many cases competition gave way to cooperation, and the services became gangsters themselves. "

On 17 November 1998, during the period that Vladimir Putin was the head of the FSB, five officers of FSB's Directorate for the Analysis of Criminal Organisations appeared at a press conference in the Russian news agency Interfax. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation ( FSB) ( Russian: ФСБ Федера́льная слу́жба безопа́сности Federalnaya A news conference or press conference is a Media event in which newsmakers invite journalists to hear them speak and most often ask questions News agency (alternative A news agency is an organization of Journalists established to supply News reports to organizations in the News trade The five officers, including the director of the Seventh Department, Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Gusyk, three senior operative officers — Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Litvinenko, Major Andrey Ponkin, and Colonel V. V. Shebalin, Lieutenant Constantin Latyshonok, and Gherman Scheglov accused the director of the Directorate for the Analysis of Criminal Organisations Major-General Evgenii Khokholkov and his deputy, 1st Rank Captain Alexander Kamishnikov of ordering them in November 1997 to assassinate Boris Berezovsky, a Russian businessman who then held the high government post of Secretary of the Security Council and was close to President Boris Yeltsin; Berezovsky later fled to the UK to avoid criminal charges (and later helped fund Litvinenko's work). Boris Abramovich Berezovsky (Бори́с Абра́мович Березо́вский (also known as Platon Elenin (born January 23, 1946) is a Russian Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin () (1 February 1931 23 April 2007 was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999 ^[15]. The officers also claimed they were ordered to kill Mikhail Trepashkin and to kidnap a brother of the businessman Umar Dzhabrailov. Mikhail Ivanovich Trepashkin, (Михаи́л Ива́нович Трепа́шкин ( 7 April 1957 &ndash) is a Moscow Mikhail Trepashikin was present as a victim of the planned assassination. Several other FSB officers were also present to support the claims. ^[16][17]

Litvinenko was dismissed from the FSB, and then arrested twice on charges which were dropped after he had spent time in Moscow prisons. In 1999, he was arrested on charges of abusing duties. He was released a month later after signing a written undertaking not to leave the country.

Vladimir Putin said later in interview to Yelena Tregubova that he personally ordered the dismissal of Litvinenko: "I fired Litvinenko and disbanded his unit . Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia Yelena Viktorovna Tregubova (Елена Викторовна Трегубова (born May 24, 1973) is a Russian journalist a critic of the president . . because FSB officers should not stage press conferences. This is not their job. And they should not make internal scandals public" ^[11]

On 23 May 2007, Sergey Dorenko, formerly a prominent Russian TV host, provided The Associated Press and The Wall Street Journal with the full video tape of the interview of Alexander Litvinenko and his fellow employees of FSB recorded by him in April 1998, where the agents confessed that their bosses had ordered them to kill, kidnap or frame up prominent Russian politicians and businesspeople, and thus made it publicly available in full for the first time. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Sergey Leonidovich Dorenko (Сергей Леонидович Доренко b The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation ( FSB) ( Russian: ФСБ Федера́льная слу́жба безопа́сности Federalnaya Only some excerpts of the video were shown in 1998. ^[18]

Flight

Litvinenko fled to Turkey from Ukraine. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Litvinenko's wife Marina and five-year-old son Anatoly entered Turkey legally. With the help of Alexander Goldfarb, Litvinenko bought air tickets for the Istanbul-London-Moscow flight,^[19] and asked for political asylum at Heathrow airport during the transit stop on November 1, 2000. Alexander Goldfarb (born in 1947 in Moscow) is a Jewish-Russian-Israeli-American microbiologist activist and author Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Right of asylum (or political asylum) is an ancient Judicial notion under which a person persecuted for political opinions or religious beliefs in his Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ^[20] Political asylum was granted on 14 May 2001. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. ^[21] In October 2006 he became a naturalised British citizen living in Whitehaven. British nationality law is the law of the United Kingdom concerning Citizenship and other categories of British Nationality. ^[22] In 2002 he was convicted in his absence in Russia and given a three and a half year jail sentence. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[23]

Allegations against the Russian Government

Armenian parliament shooting

Main article: 1999 Armenian parliament shooting

Alexander Litvinenko accused in various interviews that the Main Intelligence Directorate of the General-Staff of the Russian armed forces had organised the 1999 Armenian parliament shooting that killed prime minister of Armenia Vazgen Sargsyan. 1999 Armenian parliament shooting was an attack on the Armenian parliament on October 27, 1999 at 515 p 1999 Armenian parliament shooting was an attack on the Armenian parliament on October 27, 1999 at 515 p The Prime Minister of Armenia is the most senior minister within the Armenian government and is required by the constitution to "oversee the Government's regular activities Vazgen Sargsyan (Վազգեն Սարգսյան March 5, 1959 &ndash October 27 1999; also written Vasgen Sarkisyan Sarkissian or Sarkisyan ^[24] The Russian embassy in Armenia quickly denied any such involvement issuing the statement “in connection with recent press articles about the alleged involvement of the Russian special services in the tragic events at the Armenian parliament on 27 October 1999. Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani ” It also described it as an attempt to harm relations between Armenia and Russia by people against the democratic reforms in Russia.

Russian apartment bombings

Main article: Russian apartment bombings

Litvinenko alleged that agents from the FSB coordinated the 1999 Russian apartment bombings that killed more than 300 people, whereas Russian officials blamed the explosions on Chechen separatists. The Russian apartment bombings were a series of explosions that hit four apartment blocks in the Russian cities of Buynaksk, Moscow and Volgodonsk The Russian apartment bombings were a series of explosions that hit four apartment blocks in the Russian cities of Buynaksk, Moscow and Volgodonsk This version of events was suggested earlier by David Satter,^[25] and Sergei Yushenkov, vice chairman of the Sergei Kovalev commission created by the Russian Parliament to investigate the bombings. Sergei Yushenkov (Сергей Юшенков (1950-2003 was a liberal Russian politician well known for his uncompromising struggle for Democracy Sergei Adamovich Kovalev (also spelt as Sergey Kovalyov; Сергей Адамович Ковалёв b However, Litvinenko provided many details in his book. In December 2003 Russian authorities confiscated over 4000 copies of the book en route to Moscow from the publisher in Latvia. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. ^[26] In the book Gang from Lubyanka (Лубянская преступная группировка), Litvinenko alleged that Vladimir Putin during his time at FSB was personally involved in organised crime. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia

Moscow theatre hostage crisis

Main article: Moscow theatre hostage crisis

Litvinenko claimed in a June 2003 interview, with the Australian television programme Dateline, that two of the Chechen terrorists involved in the 2002 Moscow theatre siege — whom he named as "Abdul the Bloody" and "Abu Bakar" — were working for the FSB, and that the agency manipulated the rebels into staging the attack. The Moscow theater hostage crisis, also known as the 2002 Nord-Ost siege, was the seizure of a crowded Moscow Theatre on October 23 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Dateline is an Australian television current affairs program broadcast on SBS TV. The Moscow theater hostage crisis, also known as the 2002 Nord-Ost siege, was the seizure of a crowded Moscow Theatre on October 23 ^[27] Litvinenko said: "[w]hen they tried to find [Abdul the Bloody and Abu Bakar] among the dead terrorists, they weren't there. The FSB got its agents out. So the FSB agents among Chechens organized the whole thing on FSB orders, and those agents were released. " The story about FSB connections with the hostage takers was confirmed by Mikhail Trepashkin. Mikhail Ivanovich Trepashkin, (Михаи́л Ива́нович Трепа́шкин ( 7 April 1957 &ndash) is a Moscow ^{[16] [28]} "Abu Bakar" (real name probably Khanpasha Terkibaev [2]) was also described as FSB agent and actual organizer of the terrorist act by Anna Politkovskaya, Alexander Khinshtein and other journalists ^{[29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34]} In the beginning of April 2003 Litvinenko gave "the Terkibaev file" to Sergei Yushenkov when he visited London. The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation ( FSB) ( Russian: ФСБ Федера́льная слу́жба безопа́сности Federalnaya Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya ( Анна Степановна Политковская) (30 August 1958 – 7 October 2006 was a Russian Journalist, author and Alexander Khinshtein (Александр Хинштейн (born October 26, 1974) is a Russian politician and journalist Sergei Yushenkov (Сергей Юшенков (1950-2003 was a liberal Russian politician well known for his uncompromising struggle for Democracy Yushenkov passed this file to Anna Politkovskaya ^[11]. Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya ( Анна Степановна Политковская) (30 August 1958 – 7 October 2006 was a Russian Journalist, author and A few days later Yushenkov was assassinated. Terkibaev was killed in a car crash in Chechnya.

Alleged support of terrorism worldwide by KGB and FSB

Main article: Allegations of state terrorism by Russia

Litvinenko said that "all the bloodiest terrorists of the world" were connected to FSB-KGB, including Carlos "The Jackal" Ramírez, Yassir Arafat, Saddam Hussein, Abdullah Öcalan, Wadie Haddad of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, George Hawi who led the Communist Party of Lebanon, Ezekias Papaioannou from Cyprus, Sean Garland from Ireland and many others. The governments of Russia, and its predecessor state the Soviet Union, have been accused of acts of State terrorism on many occasions Ilich Ramírez Sánchez (born) is a Venezuelan born leftist Revolutionary. Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic: ar صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي --> April 28 1937 &ndash December 30 Abdullah "Apo" Öcalan ( born April 4 1948 is the founding leader of the Kurdish party Kurdistan Workers Party Dr Wadie Haddad (1927 – March 28, 1978) aka Abu Hani, was a Palestinian militant active in the 1960s and 1970s involved in several The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( PFLP) ( Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين al-Jabhah al-Sha`biyyah li-Tahrīr George Hawi ( جورج حاوي in Arabic) (1938 &ndash June 21, 2005) was a Lebanese Politician and former secretary general of The Lebanese Communist Party ( LCP; Arabic: الـحـزب الشـيـوعـي اللبـنـانـي Hizbu-sh-shuy‘uī-l-lubnānī) is a Left-wing Ezekias Papaioannou ( October 8, 1908 – April 10, 1988) was a Cypriot Communist Politician and Secretary General Seán Garland (born 7 March 1934) is a senior figure and former President of the Workers Party of Ireland. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world " He says that all of them were trained, funded, and provided with weapons, explosives and counterfeit documents in order to carry out terrorist attacks world-wide and that each act of terrorism made by these people was carried out according to the task and under the rigid control of the KGB of the USSR. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 ^[35] Litvinenko said that "the center of global terrorism is not in Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan or the Chechen Republic. The terrorism infection creeps away worldwide from the cabinets of the Lubyanka Square and the Kremlin". ^[36][37]

Claim about visit of Ayman al-Zawahiri to Russia

In a July 2005 interview with the Polish newspaper Rzeczpospolita, Litvinenko alleged that Ayman al-Zawahiri, a prominent leader of al-Qaeda, was trained for half of a year by the FSB in Dagestan in 1997 and called him "an old agent of the FSB"^[38][35] Litvinenko said that after this training, Ayman al-Zawahiri "was transferred to Afghanistan, where he had never been before and where, following the recommendation of his Lubyanka chiefs, he at once . Rzeczpospolita ( is one of Poland 's large nationwide daily Newspapers with a circulation of 160000 although a few years ago it reached even 260000 The Republic of Dagestan dæɡɪˈstɑːn (IntEng ˈdeɪɡəstæn (AmEng (Респу́блика Дагеста́н Дагъистанлъул ДжумхIурият Daɣistanłul Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, . . penetrated the milieu of bin Laden and soon became his assistant in al Qaeda. Osama bin Laden, with some spelling variations is the name used in English to refer to (أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن born 10 March Al-Qaeda, alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qa`ida or al-Qa`idah, ( Arabic:; ar-Latn ''al-qāʿidah'' Translation: The " ^[39]

According to FSB spokesman Sergei Ignatchenko, Ayman al-Zawahiri spend half a year in Russia, being arrested by Russian authorities in Dagestan in December 1996 and released in May 1997. ^[40]. During his alleged release from a prison, Zawahiri received back his communication equipment, fake passports, and his laptop computer with coded messages. This led many to believe that Litvinenko claim was true ^{[41] [42]}

Former KGB officer and writer Konstantin Preobrazhenskiy supported this claim and said that Litvinenko "was responsible for securing the secrecy of Al-Zawahiri's arrival in Russia, who was trained by FSB instructors in Dagestan, Northern Caucasus, in 1996-1997" ^[43]. KGB ( Transliteration of "КГБ" is the Russian abbreviation of Committee for State Security ( Komityet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosty Konstantin Preobrazhenskiy (born in 1953 in Moscow is a former KGB officer an intelligence expert and author of several books and numerous articles about Russian Secret The Republic of Dagestan dæɡɪˈstɑːn (IntEng ˈdeɪɡəstæn (AmEng (Респу́блика Дагеста́н Дагъистанлъул ДжумхIурият Daɣistanłul He said: "At that time, Litvinenko was the Head of the Subdivision for Internationally Wanted Terrorists of the First Department of the Operative-Inquiry Directorate of the FSB Anti-Terrorist Department. He was ordered to undertake the delicate mission of securing Al-Zawahiri from unintentional disclosure by the Russian police. Though Al-Zawahiri had been brought to Russia by the FSB using a false passport, it was still possible for the police to learn about his arrival and report to Moscow for verification. Such a process could disclose Al-Zawahiri as an FSB collaborator. In order to prevent this, Litvinenko visited a group of the highly placed police officers to notify them in advance. "

2005 London bombings

Main article: 7 July 2005 London bombings

In another July 2005 interview with the Polish newspaper Fakt, when asked who he thought the originator of the 2005 bombings in London was, Litvinenko responded saying^[35] "I know only one organization, which has made terrorism the main tool of solving of political problems. The 7 July 2005 London bombings (also called the 7/7 bombings) were a series of coordinated bomb blasts that hit London's public transport system during Fakt ( Polish for "fact" is a Polish Tabloid -style daily Newspaper and the biggest-selling paper in the country with It is the Russian special services. The KGB was engaged in terrorism for many years, and, in mass terrorism. Active Measures ( Russian: "Активные мероприятия" were a form of political warfare conducted by the Soviet Security services The governments of Russia, and its predecessor state the Soviet Union, have been accused of acts of State terrorism on many occasions At the special department of the KGB they trained terrorists practically from all countries of the world; these courses lasted, as a rule, for a half-year. Communist terrorism (or Communist terror) is Terrorism committed by Communist organizations or Communist states against Civilians to achieve Specially trained and prepared agents of the KGB organized murders and explosions, including explosions of tankers, captures of passenger air liners, strikes on the diplomatic, state and commercial organizations practically worldwide. " He further said that main originator of the acts of terrorism is Vladimir Putin who is "standing to the right of his "friend" Tony Blair and talking profusely about “double standards” in “the struggle against world terrorism”. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia

In the same interview he was also quoted as saying "The second person in the terrorist organization "Al Qaeda", about whom they speak as about the organizer of the series of explosions in London, Ayman al-Zawahiri, is an old agent of the FSB. " On September 1, 2005, Al Qaeda members Ayman al-Zawahiri and Mohammad Sidique Khan claimed responsibility for the attacks on a video tape which aired on al-Jazeera. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Al-Qaeda, alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qa`ida or al-Qa`idah, ( Arabic:; ar-Latn ''al-qāʿidah'' Translation: The Mohammad Sidique Khan ( October 20, 1974 &ndash July 7, 2005) was the oldest of the four suicide bombers responsible for the 7 July 2005 For the English-language channel see Al Jazeera English Al Jazeera (الجزيرة al-jazīrah,, meaning "The Island" ^[44]

Accusing Putin of pedophilia

In July 2006 Litvinenko accused Putin of being a paedophile. The term pedophilia or paedophilia has a range of definitions as found in Psychology, law enforcement and the popular vernacular ^[45] He compared Putin to rapist and serial killer Andrei Chikatilo. A serial killer is a person who Murders usually three or more people with a "cooling off" period between each murder and whose motivation for killing is largely based Andrei Romanovich Chikatilo (Андрей Романович Чикати́ло (October 16 1936—February 14 1994 was a notorious Russian Serial killer, He wrote that among people who knew about Putin's paedophilia were Anatoly Trofimov, assassinated in 2005, and the editor of the Russian newspaper "Top Secret", Artyom Borovik, who died in what he called a "mysterious" aeroplane crash a week after trying to publish a paper about this subject,^[46]although he didn't explain why they had refrained from revealing this information before. Anatoly Trofimov (Анато́лий Васи́льевич Трофи́мов Anatoliy Vasilyevich Trofimov, July 14, 1940 — April 10, Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Artyom Borovik ( September 13, 1960 – March 9, 2000) was a prominent Russian Journalist and media Magnate ^[47] His allegations came after Putin had kissed a little boy on his belly while stopping to chat with some tourists during a walk in the Kremlin grounds. ^[48][49][50] Some political analysts suggested that the kiss was a clumsy attempt to soften Mr Putin's image in the run-up to the G8 summit in St Petersburg. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River ^[51]

Assassination of Anna Politkovskaya

Main article: Anna Politkovskaya assassination

Two weeks before his poisoning, Alexander Litvinenko accused Vladimir Putin of ordering the assassination of Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya and stated that a former presidential candidate Irina Hakamada warned Politkovskaya about threats to her life coming from Russian president. The Assassination of Anna Politkovskaya, the Russian Journalist, Writer and Human rights activist, took Vityaz (Витязь "Knight" is a Russian Spetsnaz unit of the MVD. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya ( Анна Степановна Политковская) (30 August 1958 – 7 October 2006 was a Russian Journalist, author and Irina Mutsuovna Hakamada (Ири́на Муцу́овна Хакама́да, born April 13, 1955) is a Russian politician who ran in the Russian Litvinenko advised Politkovskaya to escape from Russia immediately. Hakamada denied her involvement in passing any specific threats, and said that she warned Politkovskaya only in general terms more than a year ago. ^[52] It remains unclear if Litvinenko referred to an earlier statement made by Boris Berezovsky who claimed that former Deputy Prime Minister of Russia Boris Nemtsov received a word from Hakamada that Putin threatened her and like-minded colleagues in person. Boris Abramovich Berezovsky (Бори́с Абра́мович Березо́вский (also known as Platon Elenin (born January 23, 1946) is a Russian Boris Efimovich Nemtsov (Борис Ефимович Немцов (born October 9 1959) is a former Deputy Prime Minister of Russia one of co-founders of the According to Berezovsky, Putin uttered that Hakamada and her colleagues "will take in the head immediately, literally, not figuratively" if they "open the mouth" about the Russian apartment bombings. The Russian apartment bombings were a series of explosions that hit four apartment blocks in the Russian cities of Buynaksk, Moscow and Volgodonsk ^[53]

Prediction that he and others will be assassinated by Russian agents

After Litvinenko's death, it was revealed in the book Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB, co-written by Litvinenko's widow Marina, that when Russian Defence Minister Sergei Ivanov commented on a new law that "Russia has the right to carry out preemptive strikes on militant bases abroad" and explained that these "preemptive strikes may involve anything, except nuclear weapons", Litvinenko said that "You know who they mean when they say 'terrorist bases abroad'? They mean us, Zakayev and Boris, and me"^[11]. Death of a Dissident The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB is a book written by Alexander Goldfarb and Marina Litvinenko about the life Sergei Borisovich Ivanov (Серге́й Бори́сович Ивано́в (born January 31, 1953) is a Russian political figure Akhmed Khalidovich Zakayev ( Ахмед Халидович Закаев) (born April 26 1956 in Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union) is the former Deputy Boris Abramovich Berezovsky (Бори́с Абра́мович Березо́вский (also known as Platon Elenin (born January 23, 1946) is a Russian

Allegations concerning Romano Prodi

Main article: Italian Mitrokhin Commission

Litvinenko stated that FSB deputy chief, General Anatoly Trofimov (who was shot in Moscow in 2005) said to him "Don’t go to Italy, there are many KGB agents among the politicians. The Italian Mitrokhin Commission was a parliamentary commission set up in 2002 by the Italian Parliament, then led by Silvio Berlusconi 's right-wing coalition the Anatoly Trofimov (Анато́лий Васи́льевич Трофи́мов Anatoliy Vasilyevich Trofimov, July 14, 1940 — April 10, Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Romano Prodi is our man there",^{[54] [55]} meaning Romano Prodi, the Italian centre-left leader, former Prime Minister of Italy and former President of the European Commission. (born 9 August 1939 is an Italian politician and statesman He served as President of the Council of Ministers (prime minister of Italy twice from 17 May Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest In Italy, the Prime Minister of Italy (officially the President of the Council of Ministers, Italian Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri) is the country's The European Commission (formally the Commission of the European Communities) is the executive branch of the European Union. BBC's Panorama, an investigative TV series, says it obtained a document classified "top secret" in Italy in which Litvinenko accuses Italian prime minister Romano Prodi of being a "friend" of the KGB ^[56]. Panorama is the longest-running current affairs documentary series in the world Mario Scaramella (see below) said: "Some qualified sources, including Litvinenko, told me that some officers in Moscow considered him as their man, KGB man. Mario Scaramella (born April 23, 1970 Scaramella is currently under investigation by the Italian justice department for Calumny accusations which Scaramella Alexander Valterovich Litvinenko (Алекса́ндр Ва́льтерович Литвине́нко ( 30 August 1962 – 23 November 2006 "

In April 2006, a British Member of the European Parliament for London, Gerard Batten of United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) demanded an inquiry into the allegations. A Member of the European Parliament ( English abbreviation MEP) is a member of the European Union 's legislative body the European Parliament. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Gerard Batten (born March 27, 1954 in London) is a Member of the European Parliament for London for the United Kingdom Independence The United Kingdom Independence Party (commonly known as UKIP, ˈjuːkɪp ^{[57] [58]} According to Brussels-based newspaper, the EU Reporter on 3 April 2006, "another high-level source, a former KGB operative in London, has confirmed the story". Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[59]

Later, in an interview to La Repubblica, Litvinenko had been asked by Mr. la Repubblica (meaning "the Republic" is as of 2006 the largest circulation Italian daily general-interest newspaper. Scaramella if the tip that Prodi had passed on about the safe house where Aldo Moro was held after being kidnapped by the Red Brigades had its source in the KGB (and not in a séance, as Prodi had claimed); and if the KGB were behind Moro's kidnapping and the training of the Red Brigades. Aldo Moro ( September 23, 1916 &ndash May 9, 1978) was an Italian Politician and two-time Prime Minister of Italy This article is about the Italian group "Red Brigade" may also refer to the Japanese Red Army/Anti-Imperialist International Brigade. A séance (ˈsay-ons is an attempt to communicate with spirits The word " séance " comes from the French word for "seat" "session" Litvinenko's replied that he does not know "any details about Moro's kidnapping" and that he has no "any kind of evidence about Prodi" in that regard^[60]

On 26 April 2006, Batten repeated his call for a parliamentary inquiry, revealing that "former, senior members of the KGB are willing to testify in such an investigation, under the right conditions". Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. He added, "It is not acceptable that this situation is unresolved, given the importance of Russia's relations with the European Union". ^[61] On 22 January 2007, the BBC and ITV News released documents and video footage, from February 2006, in which Litvinenko repeated his statements about Prodi. Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ITV News is the name given to news broadcasts on the British television network ITV. ^[56][62]

Shooting practice controversy

In January 2007, Polish newspaper Dziennik revealed that a picture of Litvinenko was used as a shooting target by the Russian special forces unit Vityaz in October 2002. Sergey Mikhailovich Mironov (Сергéй Михáйлович Мирóнов (born February 14, 1953) is a Russian Statesman and the current Speaker Vityaz (Витязь "Knight" is a Russian Spetsnaz unit of the MVD. University College Hospital is a Teaching hospital in London, England, part of the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust Dziennik Polska-Europa-Świat (Daily Poland-Europe-World is a Polish nationwide daily Newspaper published by Axel Springer Polska a division of Germany's Vityaz (Витязь "Knight" is a Russian Spetsnaz unit of the MVD. The targets were also photographed by chance when the chairman of the Russian Duma's upper house Sergei Mironov visited the centre and met its head Sergei Lysiuk on 7 November 2006. Sergey Mikhailovich Mironov (Сергéй Михáйлович Мирóнов (born February 14, 1953) is a Russian Statesman and the current Speaker Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[63][64][65]

Former FSB officer Mikhail Trepashkin stated he warned in 2002 that an FSB unit was assigned to assassinate Litvinenko. Mikhail Ivanovich Trepashkin, (Михаи́л Ива́нович Трепа́шкин ( 7 April 1957 &ndash) is a Moscow ^[66]

Illness and poisoning

Main article: Alexander Litvinenko poisoning

On 1 November 2006, Litvinenko suddenly fell ill and was hospitalised. Alexander Litvinenko was a former officer of Russian Federal Security Service, who escaped prosecution in Russia and received a Political asylum in Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. His illness was later attributed to poisoning with radionuclide polonium-210 after the Health Protection Agency found significant amounts of the rare and highly toxic element in his body. A radionuclide is an Atom with an unstable nucleus, which is a nucleus characterized by excess energy which is available to be imparted either to a newly-created Polonium (pəˈloʊniəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Po and Atomic number 84 discovered in 1898 by Marie and Pierre Curie The Health Protection Agency ( HPA) originally established as a special health authority (SpHA in 2003, is an Non-Departmental Public Body charged In interviews, Litvinenko stated that he met with two former KGB agents early on the day he fell ill - Dmitry Kovtun and Andrei Lugovoi, though they deny any wrongdoing. Andrei Lugovoi (Lugovoy (Андрей Луговой b September 19 1966, Azerbaijan SSR) is a Russian politician and businessman and deputy of the The men also introduced Litvinenko to a tall, thin man of central Asian appearance called 'Vladislav Sokolenko' who Lugovoi said was a business partner. Lugovoi is also a former bodyguard of Russian ex-prime minister Yegor Gaidar (who also suffered from a mysterious illness in November 2006). Yegor Timurovich Gaidar (Его́р Тиму́рович Гайда́р) (born March 19, 1956) is a Russian economist and politician and was Prime Minister Later, he had lunch at Itsu, a sushi restaurant on Piccadilly in London, with an Italian acquaintance and nuclear waste expert, Mario Scaramella, to whom he made the allegations regarding Italy's Prime Minister Romano Prodi. Itsu, previously Sushi London Limited, is a chain of Sushi eat-in and take-away restaurants in London, England. In Japanese cuisine, is Vinegared Rice, usually topped with other ingredients including fish various meats and vegetables Piccadilly is a major London street running from Hyde Park Corner in the west to Piccadilly Circus in the east Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Radioactive wastes are Waste types containing radioactive Chemical elements that do not have a practical purpose Mario Scaramella (born April 23, 1970 Scaramella is currently under investigation by the Italian justice department for Calumny accusations which Scaramella Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest In Italy, the Prime Minister of Italy (officially the President of the Council of Ministers, Italian Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri) is the country's (born 9 August 1939 is an Italian politician and statesman He served as President of the Council of Ministers (prime minister of Italy twice from 17 May ^[67] Scaramella, attached to the Mitrokhin Commission investigating KGB penetration of Italian politics, claimed to have information on the assassination of Anna Politkovskaya, 48, a journalist who was killed at her Moscow apartment in October 2006. The Italian Mitrokhin Commission was a parliamentary commission set up in 2002 by the Italian Parliament, then led by Silvio Berlusconi 's right-wing coalition the The Assassination of Anna Politkovskaya, the Russian Journalist, Writer and Human rights activist, took Anna Stepanovna Politkovskaya ( Анна Степановна Политковская) (30 August 1958 – 7 October 2006 was a Russian Journalist, author and

Marina Litvinenko, widow of the deceased, accused Moscow of orchestrating the murder. Though she believes the order did not come from Putin himself, she does believe it was done at the behest of the authorities, and announced that she will refuse to provide evidence to any Russian investigation out of fear that it would be misused or misrepresented. ^[68]

Investigation

On 20 January 2007 British police announced that they have "identified" the man they believe poisoned Alexander Litvinenko. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The suspected killer was captured on cameras at Heathrow as he flew into Britain to carry out the murder. " ^[69] The man in question was introduced to Litvinenko as 'Vladislav Sokolenko'. This name was an alias used by the killer as he had entered Britain using a fake EU passport. Because of the sloppy manner in which the polonium-210 was handled and left traces at several locations, it is very possible that Sokolenko is a Hamburg-based Chechen hitman known to the FSB as 'Pабочий' or 'Roustabout', named such because he previously worked on an oil rig and because of his willingness to move wherever work takes him. Roustabout has been compared to a clown in a travelling-circus - clumsy yet brave^[70]. He has also been an associate of Chechen President Ramzan Kadyrov. Ramzan Akhmadovich Kadyrov (Russian Рамзан Ахмадович Кадыров) (born 5 October 1976, Tsentoroi, Chechnya

As of 26 January 2007, British officials said police had solved the murder of Litvinenko. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. They discovered "a 'hot' teapot at London's Millennium Hotel with an off-the-charts reading for polonium-210, the radioactive material used in the killing. " In addition, a senior official said investigators had concluded the murder of Litvinenko was "a 'state-sponsored' assassination orchestrated by Russian security services. " The police want to charge former Russian spy Andrei Lugovoi, who met with Litvinenko on 1 November 2006, the day officials believe the lethal dose of polonium-210 was administered. Andrei Lugovoi (Lugovoy (Андрей Луговой b September 19 1966, Azerbaijan SSR) is a Russian politician and businessman and deputy of the Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[71]

On the same day, The Guardian reported that the British government was preparing an extradition request asking that Andrei Lugovoi be returned to the UK to stand trial for Litvinenko's murder. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Andrei Lugovoi (Lugovoy (Андрей Луговой b September 19 1966, Azerbaijan SSR) is a Russian politician and businessman and deputy of the ^[72] On 22 May 2007 the Crown Prosecution Service called for the extradition of Russian citizen Andrei Lugovoi to the UK on charges of murder . Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Crown Prosecution Service, or CPS, is a non-ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom responsible for public Prosecutions ^[73] Lugovoi dismissed the claims against him as "politically motivated" and said he did not kill Litvinenko. ^[74]

A British police investigation resulted in several suspects for the murder, but in May 2007, the British Director of Public Prosecutions, Ken Macdonald, announced that his government would seek to extradite Andrei Lugovoi, the chief suspect of the case, from Russia. The Director of Public Prosecutions is the officer charged with the prosecution of criminal offences in several Criminal jurisdictions around the world Sir Kenneth Donald John Macdonald, QC (born 4 January 1953) is Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP of England and Wales. Extradition is the official process by which one nation or state requests and obtains from another nation or state the surrender of a suspected or convicted criminal Andrei Lugovoi (Lugovoy (Андрей Луговой b September 19 1966, Azerbaijan SSR) is a Russian politician and businessman and deputy of the Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending ^[75] On 28 May 2007, the British Foreign Office officially submitted a request to the Government of Russia for the extradition of Lugovoi to face criminal charges in the UK. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office, commonly called the Foreign Office or the FCO, is the British government department responsible for promoting The Government of the Russian Federation (Прави́тельство Росси́йской Федера́ции is an executive governmental body that brings together the principal ^[76] On 5 July 2007, Russia officially declined to extradite Lugovoi, citing that extradition of citizens is not allowed under the Russian constitution. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Russia has said that they could take on the case themselves if Britain provided evidence against Lugovoi but Britain has not handed over any evidence. The head of the investigating committee at the General Prosecutor's Office said Russia has not yet received any evidence from Britain on Lugovoi. "We have not received any evidence from London of Lugovoi's guilt, and those documents we have are full of blank spaces and contradictions. ^[77]

Conversion to Islam

Two days before his death Litvinenko informed his father that he had converted to Islam. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. According to his father, Litvinenko had become increasingly disenchanted with the Russian Orthodox Church and had been contemplating conversion for "some time. See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure " Litvinenko's conversion to Islam and the related wish for Muslim funeral rites were recognized by his father. However, his widow, Marina, as well as his close friend (and press spokesman during his illness), Alexander Goldfarb, preferred a non-denominational ceremony. Alexander Goldfarb (born in 1947 in Moscow) is a Jewish-Russian-Israeli-American microbiologist activist and author Goldfarb stated, "Unfortunately some people appeared and against the explicit wishes of the widow performed Muslim rites over the funeral. We had a choice to turn it into an unseemly situation, but Marina asked us to respect the memory of Alexander and let these people do what they did. Let God be their judge. " Ghayasuddin Siddiqui, head of the Muslim Parliament of Great Britain, contended that Litvineko actually converted to Islam 10 days before he was poisoned. The Muslim Parliament of Great Britain is a Muslim organization founded in 1992 in London by Dr Kalim Siddiqui, Director of the Muslim Institute ^[78][79][80]

Akhmed Zakayev, Foreign Minister of Chechen government-in-exile who lived next door to Mr Litvinenko and considered him "as a brother,"^[81] said: "He was read to from the Qur'an the day before he died and had told his wife and family that he wanted to be buried in accordance with Muslim tradition. Akhmed Khalidovich Zakayev ( Ахмед Халидович Закаев) (born April 26 1956 in Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union) is the former Deputy The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran "^[82]

Death and last statement

On 22 November, Litvinenko's medical staff at University College Hospital reported he had suffered a "major setback" due to either heart failure or an overnight heart attack; he died the following day. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Scotland Yard reported that, "Inquiries continue into the circumstances surrounding how Mr Litvinenko, 43 years, of North London, became unwell. New Scotland Yard or Scotland Yard, informally known as The Yard and NSY, is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service, responsible "^[83]

On 24 November, a posthumous statement was released. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Litvinenko's friend Alex Goldfarb, who is also the chairman of Boris Berezovsky's Civil Liberties Fund, said Litvinenko had dictated it to him three days earlier. Alexander Goldfarb (born in 1947 in Moscow) is a Jewish-Russian-Israeli-American microbiologist activist and author Boris Abramovich Berezovsky (Бори́с Абра́мович Березо́вский (also known as Platon Elenin (born January 23, 1946) is a Russian The International Foundation for Civil Liberties is a Non-profit organization and political pressure group established by the Russian tycoon Boris Andrei Nekrasov said his friend Litvinenko and Litvinenko's lawyer composed the statement in Russian on 21 November and translated it to English. Andrei Nekrasov (ru Андрей Некрасов (born 1958 is a Russian film and TV director from Saint Petersburg. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. ^[84]

“

I would like to thank many people. My doctors, nurses and hospital staff who are doing all they can for me, the British police who are pursuing my case with vigour and professionalism and are watching over me and my family. I would like to thank the British government for taking me under their care. I am honoured to be a British citizen. I would like to thank the British public for their messages of support and for the interest they have shown in my plight. I thank my wife Marina, who has stood by me. My love for her and our son knows no bounds. But as I lie here I can distinctly hear the beating of wings of the angel of death. I may be able to give him the slip but I have to say my legs do not run as fast as I would like. I think, therefore, that this may be the time to say one or two things to the person responsible for my present condition. You may succeed in silencing me but that silence comes at a price. You have shown yourself to be as barbaric and ruthless as your most hostile critics have claimed. You have shown yourself to have no respect for life, liberty or any civilised value. You have shown yourself to be unworthy of your office, to be unworthy of the trust of civilised men and women. You may succeed in silencing one man but the howl of protest from around the world will reverberate, Mr Putin, in your ears for the rest of your life. May God forgive you for what you have done, not only to me but to beloved Russia and its people.

”

Putin disputed the authenticity of this note while attending a Russia-EU summit in Helsinki:

“

It is a pity that tragic events like death have been used for political provocations. Helsinki (in Finnish;) or Helsingfors (in Swedish;) is the Capital and largest city of Finland. Those who did it [concocted the note] are not God, and Mr. Litvinenko is unfortunately not Lazarus. Lazarus ( Hebrew: אלעזר Elʿāzār Eleazar "God (has helped" is the name of two separate men mentioned in the New Testament. [85][86]

”

His postmortem took place on 1 December at the Royal London Hospital's institute of pathology. Highgate Cemetery is a Cemetery located in Highgate, London, England. An autopsy, also known as a post-mortem examination, necropsy, or obduction, is a Medical procedure that consists of a thorough Examination Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican It was attended by three physicians, including one chosen by the family and one from the Foreign Office. ^[87] Litvinenko was buried at Highgate Cemetery in north London on 7 December. Highgate Cemetery is a Cemetery located in Highgate, London, England. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways ^[88] The police are treating his death as murder. ^[89] On 25 November, two days after Litvinenko's death, an article attributed to him was published by The Mail on Sunday entitled "Why I believe Putin wanted me dead". Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the The Daily Mail is a British newspaper currently published in a tabloid format ^[90]

In an interview with the BBC broadcast on 16 December 2006, Yuri Shvets said that Litvinenko had created a 'due diligence' report investigating the activities of a senior Kremlin official on behalf of a British company looking to invest "dozens of millions of dollars" in a project in Russia. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Yuri B Shvets (born 1952 was a Major in the KGB during the years 1980-1990 Due Diligence is a term used for a number of concepts involving either the performance of an investigation of a business or person or the performance of an act with a certain Standard He said the dossier was so incriminating about the senior Kremlin official, who was not named, it was likely that Litvinenko was murdered out of spite. He alleged that Litvinenko had shown the dossier to another business associate, Andrei Lugovoi, who had worked for the KGB and later the FSB. Andrei Lugovoi (Lugovoy (Андрей Луговой b September 19 1966, Azerbaijan SSR) is a Russian politician and businessman and deputy of the Shvets alleged that Lugovoi is still an FSB informant and he had spread copies of the dossier to members of the spy service. He said he was interviewed about his allegations by Scotland Yard detectives investigating Litvinenko's murder. Shvets has also doubted Litvinenko's capacity to perform honest unbiased due diligence. ^[91] The poisoning and consequent death of Litvinenko was not widely covered in the Russian news media. ^[92]

Alleged MI6 involvement

On October 27, 2007, the Daily Mail, citing unnamed "diplomatic and intelligence sources," stated that Mr Litvinenko was paid about £2,000 per month by the SIS (the British Secret Intelligence Service, better known by its former name - MI6) at the time of his murder. Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Daily Mail is a British newspaper currently published in a tabloid format ^[93] Allegedly, Sir John Scarlett, the current head of the SIS, was personally involved in recruiting him. Sir John McLeod Scarlett KCMG OBE (born 18 August 1948) is Director General of the British Secret Intelligence Service The claim was dismissed as "nonsense" by Mr Litvinenko's widow. She said ^[93]:

"President Putin is providing Mr Lugovoy with his personal endorsement and backing in the eyes of the world. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia Andrei Lugovoi (Lugovoy (Андрей Луговой b September 19 1966, Azerbaijan SSR) is a Russian politician and businessman and deputy of the This indicates that Russia has something to hide and adds credence to Alexander's deathbed statement naming Mr Putin as the instigator of his murder. "

According to Alexander Goldfarb, a co-author of Litvinenko ^[94]:

"Litvinenko was living in England. Alexander Goldfarb (born in 1947 in Moscow) is a Jewish-Russian-Israeli-American microbiologist activist and author I don't see what value he could have been to the British security services. Putin's regime believes that there is a British conspiracy against Russia and that Russian exiles in England are working for the security services. They are paranoid. "^[95]

In July 2007, Russian officials announced a criminal investigation had been opened into allegations made by Vyacheslav Zharko, who had turned himself in to the FSB ^[96]. Zharkov said that he worked for British intelligence since 2002 and claimed that Litvinenko and Boris Berezovsky introduced him to MI6 ^[96][97]. Boris Abramovich Berezovsky (Бори́с Абра́мович Березо́вский (also known as Platon Elenin (born January 23, 1946) is a Russian The Secret Intelligence Service ( SIS) colloquially known as MI6 is the United Kingdom 's external Intelligence agency. Zharko alleged that Litvinenko planned a series of terrorism acts including murder of Russian president Vladimir Putin ^[98]. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, USSR; now Saint Petersburg, Russia was the second President of Russia An FSB spokesman said: "The Brits have been waging an information war against us and now we are responding in kind. " ^[96].

See also

Subjects

• Russian apartment bombings
• Allegations of state terrorism by Russia
• Nuclear terrorism
• Nuclear crime
• Poison laboratory of the Soviet secret services
• Active measures
• Chekism
• List of journalists killed in Russia

People

• John Henry (toxicologist) who dealt with Litvinenko's poisoning
• Mario Scaramella, key Italian security expert and nuclear waste expert who was working with Litvinenko and also was contaminated with polonium-210. The Russian apartment bombings were a series of explosions that hit four apartment blocks in the Russian cities of Buynaksk, Moscow and Volgodonsk The governments of Russia, and its predecessor state the Soviet Union, have been accused of acts of State terrorism on many occasions Nuclear terrorism denotes the use or threat of the use of Nuclear weapons or Radiological weapons in acts of Terrorism, including attacks against facilities This is a list of criminal (or arguably allegedly or potentially criminal acts involving Radioactive substances Poison laboratory of the Soviet secret services, alternatively called as Laboratory 1, Laboratory 12 and Kamera which means " The Chamber Active Measures ( Russian: "Активные мероприятия" were a form of political warfare conducted by the Soviet Security services Chekism is a term used by some historians and Political scientists to emphasize the omnipotence and omnipresence of secret political police This is list of Journalists who have been killed in Russia compiled based on data of Russian-based Glasnost Defense Foundation and the Committee to Protect Journalists Professor John Anthony Henry ( 1939-03-11 Greenwich England – 2007-05-08) was a Professor specializing in Toxicology in the Mario Scaramella (born April 23, 1970 Scaramella is currently under investigation by the Italian justice department for Calumny accusations which Scaramella Radioactive wastes are Waste types containing radioactive Chemical elements that do not have a practical purpose Polonium ( Po) has 33 known isotopes, all of which are radioactive. Scaramella is currently under investigation by the Italian justice department for calumny^[99] and illegal weapons trade. ^[100]
• Anna Politkovskaya, murdered Russian journalist and human rights activist well-known for her opposition to the Putin administration
• Artyom Borovik, Russian journalist who died in a plane crash while investigating Russian apartment bombings
• Galina Starovoitova, assassinated leader of Democratic Russia party
• Georgi Markov, a Bulgarian dissident assassinated in London in 1978; Soviet/Russian secret services are suspected to have been involved

References

His books

• Alexander Litvinenko, Yuri Felshtinsky, "Blowing Up Russia: The Secret Plot to Bring Back KGB Terror" Encounter Books, New York, 2007 ISBN 978-159403-2011
• Alexander Litvinenko: "Allegations – Selected Works by Alexander Litvinenko", translated from Russian and edited by Pavel Stroilov, introduction by Vladimir Bukovsky, Publisher: Aquilion (12 November 2007), ISBN 978-1907997054. Vladimir Konstantinovich Bukovsky (Влади́мир Константи́нович Буко́вский b Amazon UK. Interview with Pavel Stoilov about the book.
• A. Litvinenko and A. Goldfarb. Alexander Goldfarb (born in 1947 in Moscow) is a Jewish-Russian-Israeli-American microbiologist activist and author Criminal gang from Lubyanka(Russian) GRANI, New York, 2002, ISBN 978-0-9723878-0-4. Lubyanka Criminal Group is a book by Alexander Litvinenko and Alexander Goldfarb about the alleged transformation of the Russian Security Services
  • А. Литвиненко Лубянская преступная группировка(Russian) GRANI, New York, 2002, ISBN 0-9723878-0-3.
• Yuri Felshtinsky, Alexander Litvinenko, and Geoffrey Andrews. Yuri Felshtinsky (b 1956 Moscow) is a Russian Historian living in United States. Blowing up Russia: Terror from within Gibson Square Books, London, 2007, ISBN 978-1903933954. Blowing up Russia Terror from within (ФСБ взрывает Россию is a book written by Alexander Litvinenko and Yuri Felshtinsky.
  • Юрий Фельштинский, Алехандер Литвиненко ФСБ ВЗРЫВАЕТ РОССИЮ 2004 Full book in Russian

Books and Films about him

• Alex Goldfarb and Marina Litvinenko. Alexander Goldfarb (born in 1947 in Moscow) is a Jewish-Russian-Israeli-American microbiologist activist and author "Death of a Dissident: The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB." Free Press, New York, 2007. Death of a Dissident The Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko and the Return of the KGB is a book written by Alexander Goldfarb and Marina Litvinenko about the life ISBN 978-1416551652.
• Martin Sixsmith: "The Litvinenko File; the True Story of a Death Foretold", Publisher: Macmillan (2 April 2007) ISBN-10: 0230531547 ISBN-13: 978-0230531543
• Andrei Nekrasov: "Rebellion: The Litvinenko Case", 2007, Dreamscanner, official site: http://www.dreamscanner-productions.com/litvinenko/index.html

External links

• All about Aleksandr Litvinenko (in Russian)
• THE HISTORY OF LITVINENKO MURDER IN SPANISH [www. Martin Sixsmith (born 1954) is a British author journalist and radio/ television presenter Andrei Nekrasov (ru Андрей Некрасов (born 1958 is a Russian film and TV director from Saint Petersburg. ericfrattini. com]
• Book over the Litvinenko Murder [www. ericfrattini. com]
• Litvinenko Justice Foundation on Litvinenko. org. uk
• The Alexander Litvinenko Murder Investigation at LitvinenkoMurder. org
• From Russia with lies in Salon. com
• Paul L. Williams Ph.D.& Lee Boyland: Spy Death by Nuclear Poisoning Tied to American Hiroshima
• Alexander Litvinenko at the Frontline Club accusing Vladimir Putin of the assassination of journalist Anna Politkovskaya (In Russian and English)
• 'Promise me you won't go back to Russia - or you will be the next' - an article by film-maker Andrei Nekrasov in The Times
• United Nuclear - an American company which legally sells small quantities of polonium-210 online
• Russia: High-Profile Killings, Attempted Killings In The Post-Soviet Period, Radio Free Europe, October 19, 2006
• Dominici and Kennedy Cold Cases item in letter A class, in French
• Natalia Mozgovaya, Interview with Marina Litvinenko (widow) Part1 Part2 (Russian)
• Dateline: Who killed Alexander Litvinenko?
• "A conversation with Marina Litvinenko and Alex Goldfarb" Charlie Rose
• Blowing Up Russia: The Secret Plot to Bring Back KGB Terror Historian Yuri Felshtinsky tells about life and death of his co-author Alexander Litvinenko at C-SPAN
• Site about Alexander Litvinenko (in Russian)
• From Russia with death, a Symposium by FrontPageMag

Persondata
NAME	Litvinenko, Alexander
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Litvinenko, Alexander Valterovich; Russian: Литвиненко, Александр Вальтерович
SHORT DESCRIPTION	ex-KGB agent and FSB lieutenant-colonel
DATE OF BIRTH	30 August 1962
PLACE OF BIRTH	Voronezh,Russia
DATE OF DEATH	November 23, 2006
PLACE OF DEATH	London, England

Andrei Nekrasov (ru Андрей Некрасов (born 1958 is a Russian film and TV director from Saint Petersburg. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. This article is about the radio broadcast service For the REM Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Yuri Felshtinsky (b 1956 Moscow) is a Russian Historian living in United States. C-SPAN (officially the Cable-Satellite Public Affairs Network) is an American Cable television network dedicated to airing non-stop coverage FrontPage Magazine (also known as FRONTPAGEMAGCOM) is an online conservative political magazine edited by David Horowitz and is published The Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation ( FSB) ( Russian: ФСБ Федера́льная слу́жба безопа́сности Federalnaya Lieutenant Colonel ( Lieutenant-Colonel in English from the French grade 's spelling is a rank of Commissioned officer in the armies Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Voronezh (Воро́неж) is a large city in southwestern Russia not far from Ukraine. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland

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