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Aleksandr Borodin
Aleksandr Borodin

Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin (Russian: Александр Порфирьевич Бородин, Aleksandr Porfir'evič Borodin) (31 October/12 November 1833 – 15 February/27 February 1887) was a Russian composer of Georgian-Russian parentage who made his living as a notable chemist. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance The Georgians (ქართველები kartvelebi) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus, the oldest group of the The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties He was a member of the group of composers called The Five (or "The Mighty Handful"), who were dedicated to producing a specifically Russian kind of art music[1] [2] [3]. The Five, also known as The Mighty Handful (Могучая кучка Moguchaya kuchka) refers to a circle of Composers who met in Saint Petersburg He is best known for his symphonies, his opera Prince Igor, and for later providing the musical inspiration for the musical Kismet. A symphony is a Musical composition, often extended and usually for Orchestra. Prince Igor ( Князь Игорь, Knyaz' Igor) is an Opera by Alexander Borodin, written in four acts with a prologue

Contents

Life and profession

Borodin was born in Saint Petersburg, the illegitimate son of a Georgian noble (saeklesio aznauri), Luka Simonis dze Gedevanishvili and a Russian mother, the 25 year old Evdokia Konstantinova Antonova (Евдокии Константиновны Антоновa), who had him registered instead as the son of one of his serfs, Porfiry Borodin. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Aznauri (აზნაური pl aznaurni, აზნაურნი or aznaurebi, აზნაურები was a class of Georgian Nobility The origins of Serfdom in Russia are traced to Kievan Rus in the 11th century As a boy he received a good education, including piano lessons. The piano is a Musical instrument played by means of a keyboard that produces sound by striking steel strings with Felt covered hammers He was eventually to earn a doctorate in medicine at the Medico–Surgical Academy, the later home to Ivan Pavlov, and to pursue a career in chemistry (just as his comrade César Cui would do in the field of military fortifications). For other uses see Pavlov (disambiguation. Ivan Petrovich Pavlov (Иван Петрович Павлов September 14, 1849 &ndash February César Antonovich Cui ( Цезарь Антонович Кюи, Tsezar' Antonovič Kjui) ( - March 13, 1918) was a Russian of French A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for As a result of his work in chemistry and difficulties in his home-life, Borodin was not as prolific in writing music as many of his contemporaries were - hence his own description of himself as a "Sunday composer. " He died during a festive ball, where he was participating with much vigor; he suddenly collapsed from heart failure. Heart failure is a Cardiac condition that occurs when a problem with the structure or function of the Heart impairs its ability to supply He was interred in Tikhvin Cemetery at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery, in Saint Petersburg. Tikhvin Cemetery (Тихвинское кладбище is located at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery, in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Alexander Nevsky Lavra or Alexander Nevsky Monastery was founded by Peter the Great in 1710 at the eastern end of the Nevsky Prospekt in Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River

Chemical career

In his chemical profession Borodin gained great respect, being particularly noted for his work on aldehydes[4]. An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a terminal Carbonyl group. Between 1859 and 1862 Borodin held a postdoctorate in Heidelberg. Heidelberg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2006 over 140000 people live within the city's area He worked in the laboratory of Emil Erlenmeyer working on benzene derivatives. For his son sometimes known as Emil Jr see Friedrich Gustav Carl Emil Erlenmeyer Richard August Carl Emil Erlenmeyer ( 28 June He also spent time in Pisa, working on organic halogens. Pisa is a city in Tuscany, central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the Arno River on the Ligurian Sea. One experiment published in 1862 described the first nucleophilic displacement of chlorine by fluorine in benzoyl chloride[5]. In organic and Inorganic chemistry, nucleophilic substitution is a fundamental class of Substitution reaction in which an "electron rich" Benzoyl chloride, also known as benzenecarbonyl chloride is a colourless fuming liquid C6H5COCl with an irritating odour A related reaction known to the west as the Hunsdiecker reaction published in 1939 by the Hunsdieckers was promoted by the Soviet Union as the Borodin reaction. The Hunsdiecker reaction (also called the Borodin reaction after Alexander Borodin) is the Organic reaction of Silver salts of Carboxylic acids The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 In 1862 he returned to the Medico–Surgical Academy. There he worked on the selfcondensation of small aldehydes with publications in 1864 and 1869 and in this field he found himself competing with August Kekulé. Friedrich August Kekule von Stradonitz (also August Kekulé) (7 September 1829 &ndash 13 July 1896 was a German organic chemist.

Borodin is also credited with the discovery of the Aldol reaction together with Charles-Adolphe Wurtz. The aldol reaction is an important Carbon-carbon bond formation reaction in Organic chemistry. Adolphe Wurtz ( November 26, 1817 - May 10, 1884) was a French Chemist. In 1872 he announced to the Russian Chemical Society the discovery of a new by-product in aldehyde reactions with properties like that of an alcohol and he noted similarities with compounds already discussed in publications by Wurtz from the same year. In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon

He published his last full article in 1875 on reactions of amides and his last publication concerned a method for the identification of urea in animal urine. In Chemistry, an amide is one of three kinds of Compounds (sometimes called acid amide the organic Functional group characterized Urea is an Organic compound with the Chemical formula ( N[[hydrogen H]]22 C[[oxygen O]]

His son-in-law and successor was fellow chemist A. P. Dianin. Aleksandr P Dianin was a Russian Chemist from Saint Petersburg.

Musical avocation

Opera and orchestral works

Borodin met Mily Balakirev in 1862. Mily Alexeyevich Balakirev ( Милий Алексеевич Балакирев, Milij Alekseevič Balakirev) ( 2 January 1837 While under his tutelage in composition he began his Symphony No. 1 in E-flat Major; it was first performed in 1869, with Balakirev conducting. Conducting is the act of directing a Musical performance by way of visible gestures In that same year Borodin started on his Symphony No. 2 in B minor, which was not particularly successful at its premiere in 1877 under Eduard Nápravník, but with some minor re-orchestration received a successful performance in 1879 by the Free Music School under Rimsky-Korsakov's direction. Alexander Borodin composed his Symphony No 2 in B minor from 1869 to 1876 and it was later revised by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Glazunov. Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Eduard Frantsovitch Nápravník ( Russian: Эдуард Францович Направник August 24 1839, Býšť, Bohemia - Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov ( Николай Андреевич Римский-Корсаков, Nikolaj Andreevič Rimskij-Korsakov) also Nikolay In 1880 he composed the popular symphonic poem In the Steppes of Central Asia. A symphonic poem or tone poem is a piece of Orchestral Music in one movement in which some extramusical program provides a narrative or illustrative element In the Steppes of Central Asia is the common English title for a "musical tableau" (or Symphonic poem) by Alexander Borodin. Two years later he began composing a third symphony, but left it unfinished at his death; two movements of it were later completed and orchestrated by Glazunov.

In 1869, Borodin became distracted from initial work on the second symphony by preoccupation with the opera Prince Igor, which is seen by some to be his most significant work and one of the most important historical Russian operas. Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Prince Igor ( Князь Игорь, Knyaz' Igor) is an Opera by Alexander Borodin, written in four acts with a prologue It contains the Polovetsian Dances, which are often performed as a stand-alone concert work as probably Borodin's best known composition. The Polovetsian Dances (or Polovtsian Dances) are perhaps the best known selections from Alexander Borodin 's opera Prince Igor. Unfortunately Borodin left the opera (and a few other works) incomplete at his death. Prince Igor was completed posthumously by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Glazunov. Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov ( Николай Андреевич Римский-Корсаков, Nikolaj Andreevič Rimskij-Korsakov) also Nikolay Aleksandr Konstantinovich Glazunov (Александр Константинович Глазунов Aleksandr Konstantinovič Glazunov; Glazounov Glasunow &ndash 21 March

Chamber music

No other member of the Balakirev circle identified himself so openly with absolute music as Borodin did in his two string quartets. Absolute music (sometimes abstract music) is a term used to describe musicthat is not explicitly "about" anything non-representational ornon-objective Himself a cellist, he was an enthusiastic chamber music player, an interest deepened during his chemical studies in Heidelberg between 1859 and 1861. This early period yielded, among other chamber works, a string sextet and a piano quintet. In thematic structure and instrumental texture he based his pieces on those of Felix Mendelssohn. Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy, born and generally known as Felix Mendelssohn (February 3 1809 &ndash November 4 1847 was a German Composer [6]

In 1875 he started on his First String Quartet, much to the displeasure of Mussorgsky and Stasov. That Borodin did so in the company of the kuchka, which was hostile to chamber music, speaks to his independence. The Five, also known as The Mighty Handful (Могучая кучка Moguchaya kuchka) refers to a circle of Composers who met in Saint Petersburg From the First Quartet on he displayed mastery in the form, His Second Quartet, in which the composer's strong lyricism is represented in the popular "Nocturne" followed in 1881. The String Quartet No 2, written in 1881 by Alexander Borodin is a work in four movements: Allegro moderato in D major A nocturne (from the French for "nocturnal" is usually a Musical composition that is inspired by or evocative of the Night. The First Quartet is richest in changes of mood. The Second Quartet has a more uniform atmosphere and expression. [6]

Musical legacy

The bust of Borodin at his tomb in Tikhvin Cemetery. (The visible musical notation on the tile monument in the background shows themes from (1) "Gliding Dance of the Maidens" from Polovetsian Dances; (2) "Song of the Dark Forest"; and (3) the "Scherzo" theme from Symphony No. 3.)
The bust of Borodin at his tomb in Tikhvin Cemetery. Tikhvin Cemetery (Тихвинское кладбище is located at the Alexander Nevsky Monastery, in Saint Petersburg, Russia. (The visible musical notation on the tile monument in the background shows themes from (1) "Gliding Dance of the Maidens" from Polovetsian Dances; (2) "Song of the Dark Forest"; and (3) the "Scherzo" theme from Symphony No. The Polovetsian Dances (or Polovtsian Dances) are perhaps the best known selections from Alexander Borodin 's opera Prince Igor. 3. )
Main article: List of works by Alexander Borodin

Borodin's fame outside the Russian Empire was made possible during his lifetime by Franz Liszt, who arranged a performance of the Symphony No. This list of compositions by Alexander Borodin is sorted by genre The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya 1 in Germany in 1880, and by Comtesse de Mercy-Argenteau in Belgium and France. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Marie-Clotilde-Elisabeth Louise de Riquet (3 June 1837 — 8 November 1890 was the elder daughter of Michel Gabriel Alphonse Ferdinand de Riquet (1810-1865 created Prince de Chimay His music is noted for its strong lyricism and rich harmonies. Along with some influences from Western composers, as a member of the The Five his music exudes also an undeniably Russian flavor. The Five, also known as The Mighty Handful (Могучая кучка Moguchaya kuchka) refers to a circle of Composers who met in Saint Petersburg His passionate music and unusual harmonies proved to have a lasting influence on the younger French composers Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel (in homage, the latter composed in 1913 a piano piece entitled "À la manière de Borodine"). Achille-Claude Debussy (aʃil klod dəbysi (August 22 1862 &ndash March 25 1918 was a French Composer.

The evocative characteristics of Borodin's music made possible the adaptation of his compositions in the 1953 musical Kismet, by Robert Wright and George Forrest, perhaps most notably in the song, Stranger In Paradise. Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Musical theatre is a form of Theatre combining Music, Songs spoken Dialogue and Dance. Kismet is a musical written in 1953 by Robert Wright and George Forrest, adapted from the music of Alexander Borodin, and For other people with this name see Robert Wright (disambiguation George Forrest (born Brooklyn, New York, July 31 1915 - died Miami Florida, 10 October 1999) was a writer of " Stranger in Paradise " is a popular Song from the 1953 musical Kismet and is credited to Robert Wright In 1954, Borodin was posthumously awarded a Tony Award for this show. The Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American Theatre and are presented

Related information

External links

References

  1. ^ Abraham, Gerald. The Werner Icking Music Archive, often abbreviated WIMA, is a web archive of Public domain Sheet music. The International Music Score Library Project ( IMSLP) is a project for the creation of a virtual library of Public domain music scores, based on the Borodin: the Composer and his Music. London, 1927.
  2. ^ Dianin, Sergei Aleksandrovich. Borodin. London, New York, Oxford University Press, 1963.
  3. ^ Oldani, Robert, William. "Borodin, Aleksandr Porfir′yevich," Grove Music Online (Accessed 27 January 2006, subscription required)
  4. ^ Michael D. Gordin (2006). "Facing the Music: How Original Was Borodin’s Chemistry?". Journal of Chemical Education 83: 561-566. The Journal of Chemical Education ( JCE) is a monthly subscription-only periodical available in both print and electronic versions  
  5. ^ E. J. Behrman (2006). "Borodin?". Journal of Chemical Education 83: 1138. The Journal of Chemical Education ( JCE) is a monthly subscription-only periodical available in both print and electronic versions  
  6. ^ a b Maes, 72.
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