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Alejo Peyret (in French Alexis Pierre Louis Edouard Peyret; December 11, 1826 - August 27, 1902) was a French-born Argentine writer, agronomist, colonial administrator, and historian. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. He was a prominent figure in the history of Entre Ríos Province. Entre Ríos is a province of Argentina, located in the Mesopotamia region in the northeast of the country

Contents

Youth in France

Peyret was born in Serres Castet, Canton Morlaàs, in the department of Basses-Pyrénées, today Pyrénées-Atlantiques, [1], the son of Alexis Agustin Peyret and Cecile Angelique Vignancour. Pyrénées-Atlantiques ( Gascon: Pirenèus-Atlantics; Basque: Pirinio-Atlantiarrak or Pirinio-Atlantikoak) is a department He entered the Royal College of Pau at the age of ten. In 1844, at the age of eighteen, he earned a bachelor's degree in science and letters. A bachelor's degree is usually an Undergraduate Academic degree awarded for a course or major that generally lasts for three four or in some cases and He avoided compulsory military service by hiring a paid substitute to serve in his place [2]. He went on to study law at the Collège de France, where his professors included the philosopher Edgar Quinet and the historian Jules Michelet. The Collège de France is a higher education and research establishment ( Grand établissement) located in Paris, France, in the 5th arrondissement Edgar Quinet ( February 17, 1803 &ndash March 27, 1875) was a French Historian and Intellectual. Jules Michelet ( 21 August 1798 &ndash 9 February 1874) was a French Historian. He became involved with political radicalism, writing editorials in support of republicanism, democracy, anticlericalism, and socialism, and of the Revolutions of 1848 in particular. The February 1848 Revolution in France ended the reign of King Louis-Philippe, and led to the creation of the French Second Republic (1848-1852 He was tried for his activities, but acquitted of wrongdoing [3].

In the 1852 election, Peyret stood as a candidate for the Department of Basses-Pyrénées. The 1852 general election organized the first legislature of the French Second Empire. Following the electoral landslide of the Bonapartists and the establishment of the Second Empire under Napoleon III, Peyret left the country [4]

Arrival in Argentina

Peyret arrived in Montevideo on November 4, 1852. The Second French Empire or Second Empire was the Imperial Bonapartist regime of Napoleon III from 1852 to 1870 between the Second Napoléon III, also known as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (full name Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 9 January 1873 was the first President Montevideo (monteβi'ðeo is the largest city the capital and chief port of Uruguay. Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Here, he wrote for El Comercio del Plata, a periodical edited by José María Cantilo. Alberto Larroque, president of the College of Uruguay (in Concepción del Uruguay) offered him a professorship [5]. Concepción del Uruguay is a city in Argentina. Location and population It is located in the, on the western shore of the Uruguay River The minister of Justice, Worship, and Public Instruction, Juan María Gutiérrez, designated him head of the French and Geography departments beginning June 5, 1855 [6]. Juan María Gutiérrez ( May 6, 1809 - February 26, 1878) was an Argentine statesman jurist surveyor historian critic and poet He remained in this position until September 4, 1856 [7]. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year He served as an editor of the biweekly El Uruguay under the direction of Benjamín Victorica [8]. He spearheaded the creation of La Cosmopolita Society of Mutual Aid [9] on August 31, 1856 in Concepción del Uruguay. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year In September of that year, Peyret relocated to Paraná to assume control of El Nacional Argentino, an organization in support of the Confederation. Paraná is the capital city of the Argentine province of Entre Ríos, located on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, opposite the city of He remained in Paraná until July 1857 "except for one month's interruption (May - June) which I spent in Uruguay [Concepción del Uruguay] to see Euristela" [10]. "Euristela" is a reference to Josefa Auristela Caraballo, with whom Peyret had his first two sons, Nieves Emilia and Luis Alejo.

Colonialism and agriculture

On July 11, 1857, he was appointed administrator and director of San José Colony by President Justo José de Urquiza [11]. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. San José (also called Villa San José) is a city in the center-east of the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina, located some 10 km northwest Justo José de Urquiza y García ( October 18, 1801  &ndash  April 11, 1870) was an Argentine general and politician In fulfillment of his instructions, he published a series of articles in El Uruguay during April, May, and June 1860 in which he called upon the colonists to be hardworking, "whatever may be their religious opinions or the beliefs to which they subscribe" [12]. The notes were translated into French and collected in a pamphlet entitled Emigration et Colonisation: La Colonie San José [13].

Under his direction, the colony began cultivating peanuts, potatoes, sweet potatoes, beans, onions, sugar beets, maize, and tobacco. The peanut, or Groundnut ( Arachis hypogaea) is a species in the Legume family Fabaceae native to South America, Mexico The potato is a Starchy Tuberous crop Vegetable from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae The sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas) is a Dicotyledonous plant which belongs to the family Convolvulaceae Bean is a common name for large plant Seeds of several genera of the family Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae used for human food or animal Organicsalsajpg||thumb|right|Onions used in salsa.]]Cooked onions in frying pan Sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L a member of the Chenopodiaceae family is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of Sucrose. Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. Peyret also introduced superior techniques for growing wheat and he lobbied Urquiza for new land on which to establish an experimental station for growing cotton. Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp He experimented with caper spurge and the adaptability of silkworms to the local climate. Euphorbia lathyris ( Caper Spurge or Paper Spurge) is a species of spurge native to southern Europe ( France, Italy He built a factory for the manufacture of peanut oil. Peanut oil ( arachis oil is an organic oil derived from Peanuts noted to have the slight aroma and taste of its parent Legume. For his work with potato farming, he received an honorable mention [14] at the National Exposition of Córdoba [15] held between October 15 and January 21 1872. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. On January 3 he sent the chief commissioner of the Exposition a report on the state of Colonia San José and Villa de Colón and the prospect of future colonization of Entre Ríos Province [16]. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon.

Over the course of thirteen years Peyret served as administrator, director, justice of the peace, commissioner, president of the municipality of San José and officer of the first civil registry, which was created in 1873 in Colón to settle disputes between brides belonging to different religions [17]. A civil registry or population registry is a repository or Database maintained by a State listing Vital statistics about all of its Citizens Parque Quirós Colón - 1jpg|thumb|left|Quirós Park]] Colón is a city in the. Beginning in 1865 he was a member of the Public Works Commission of Colón, whose function was to oversee the construction of the church, collecting funds and reporting to the government on their investment [18]. Peyret resigned from the commission on December 31, 1872 [19]. When President Domingo Faustino Sarmiento made a visit to Colón and San José on February 6, 1870, it fell to Peyret, as chief of the "party committee", to arrange the official welcome [20]. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Peyret was married on July 7, 1866 to María Celerina Pinget, born in Vinzier, Haute-Savoie, the daughter of Gabriel Pinget and Luisa Viollaz [21]. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Haute-Savoie ( Arpitan: Savouè d’Amont / Hiôta-Savouè) is a French department, named for its location in

Freemasonry

Initiated into Freemasonry in France, Peyret became an active member of George Washington Lodge #44 in Concepción del Uruguay [22], which he joined in 1864 [23]. In 1868 he received the third degree and became a master mason [24]. He served two consecutive terms as Orator, from 1877 to 1878 and 1878 to 1879. On October 25 he inaugurated the public conferences of the lodge [25]. In Buenos Aires he had already assisted, on January 16, 1887, in inaugurating the Lodge L'Amie des Naufrages, and had been named an honorary member [26]. Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Political activism

In August 1871 he drafted [27] a plan for a Constitution for the French Republic, dedicated to president Louis-Adolphe Thiers and with a preface founded in his juridico-political theory [28]. Louis-Adolphe fr Thiers ( Marseille, 16 April 1797&ndash3 September 1877 was a French politician and Historian. The preface was later published in La República in November 1871 [29].

Beginning on June 9, 1873, he sent a series of unsigned letters to the Buenos Aires daily La República in which he denounced the assassination of Urquiza on April 11, 1870, and condemned the federal intervention against the Province of Entre Ríos, arguing that it violated the principles of federalism and provincial autonomy. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Federal intervention (Intervención federal is an attribution of the federal government of Argentina, by which it takes control of a province in certain He declared that Ricardo López Jordán had embodied the hopes of the people of Entre Ríos, at the same time maintaining that the true aim of the armed intervention ordered by Domingo F. Sarmiento [30] had been to assure the success of the presidential candidacy of Nicolás Avellaneda. Domingo Faustino Sarmiento Albarracín (February 15 1811 &ndash September 11 1888 was an Argentine activist intellectual and writer and the seventh President Nicolás Remigio Aurelio Avellaneda Silva ( October 1, 1837 - December 26, 1885) was an Argentine politician and journalist and He argued that although Dr. Leónidas Echagüe could not have remained in control of the government of Entre Ríos, Ricardo López Jordán should not have replaced him so soon after Urquiza's violent death [31]. Peyret used this argument in response to accusations of crypto-Jordanism [32].

As only six of the fifteen letters sent were published, Peyret collected them into Letters on the Intervention against the Province of Entre Ríos, which he published under the pseudonym "A foreigner" [33]. The author's identity did not stay secret to his contemporaries, and this error in judgment cost him the job of administrator of San José and forced him to leave the province where he had spent eighteen years [34]. In a letter to Benjamín Victorica written in Buenos Aires on March 3, 1874, he wrote ". Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common . . It would have been better not to concern myself with politics. I don't know how I forgot the advice of Mr. Pedro de Angelis. I gave in to a moment of irritation and impatience, seeing that we had been thrown into yet another war which was to last an entire year. I am always at your service and believe you will remain always at mine, despite my recklessness" [35]. In March 1874 he resigned his position as head of the colony and was replaced temporarily by Rodolfo Siegrist until April 30 [36]; in June, in Buenos Aires, Dolores Costa de Urquiza designated him the agent in charge of selecting and transporting colonists to the colony of Caseros [37]. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule

Academic and literary career

Peyret published Bearnese Stories in Concepción del Uruguay in 1870. The work was translated into French and Occitan in Paris in 1890 [38]. Occitan ( IPA BrE: /ˈɒksɪtn/ AmE: /ˈɑksəˌtɑn/ known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native name occitan He did as much as he could to preserve the language of his native region [39] and his Bearnese Stories won the praise of Pierre-Jean de Béranger [40]. Pierre-Jean de Béranger ( August 19, 1780 - July 16, 1857) was a French Songwriter.

On July 13, 1874 he was nominated by Dr. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Vicente Fidel López, president of the University of Buenos Aires, to occupy the vacant chief professorship of the French department, in the Faculty of Humanities and Philosophy [41]; dean Andrés Lamas expressed his agreement and communicated with Peyret [42]. Vicente Fidel López (born April 24, 1815 in Buenos Aires; died August 30, 1903) was an Argentine historian lawyer and The University of Buenos Aires (in Spanish Universidad de Buenos Aires - ( UBA) is the largest University in Argentina, founded on August On April 13, 1876, Peyret sent his resignation from Concepción del Uruguay. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year On March 31, 1876 he was named professor of world history for all six grades of the National College of Uruguay, and was subsequently appointed - in 1879 - to teach a special course on the history of free universities. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year He continued at the college until August 17, 1883, when he resigned in order to relocate to Buenos Aires [43]. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

The George Washington Lodge agreed in 1877 - at Peyret's proposal - to form a commission headed by Peyret to study "the situation afflicting numerous students who cannot pursue their studies due to lack of resources". This led to the establishment of the educational society La Fraternidad, which sought to protect and provide housing for students of the College of Urugay [44]. On August 23, 1880, he was named president of the provisional directive commission of the French Mutual Aid Society of Concepción del Uruguay and in 1882 was named its honorary president [45]. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Office of Territories and Colonies commissioned him in 1881 to make a study of the possibilities of the territory of Misiones, a study which inspired him to write thirty letters published in the daily La Tribuna Nacional under the title Letters on Misiones [46].

A decree signed by president Julio Argentino Roca on August 18, 1883 authorized Peyret, having relocated to Buenos Aires, to teach the history of the free universities at the National College of Buenos Aires. Alejo Julio Argentino Roca Paz ( July 17, 1843 - October 19, 1914) was an army general who served as President of Argentina from Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He served this role until February 11, 1887 [47]. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He wrote Contemporary History [48], a textbook which would be used in normal schools and national colleges. normal school was a school created to train high school graduates to be teachers In 1885 his book The Origins of Christianity was serialized in the Buenos Aires University Review, and the following year his work The American Thinker was published. At the same time he published History of Religions, which comprised a history and philosophical critique of prehistoric and historical religions and of Christianity. Another work on the subject was The Evolution of Christianity.

Colonial administration

He was named Inspector of Colonies by a decree of president Miguel Juárez Celman on February 12, 1887 [49]. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common As a consequence of this role, he wrote A visit to the colonies of the Argentine Republic [50], written in Spanish in two volumes and submitted by the government to the Exposition Universelle in Paris. Expo (short for "exposition" and also known as World Fair and World's Fair) is the name given to various large public exhibitions held since the Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city It was simultaneously published in French as Une visite aux colonies de la République Argentine [51].

On May 10, 1889, the national government commissioned Peyret to study the agricultural machinery displayed at the Exposition. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He received six thousand pesos to cover his expenses and was to present a descriptive report before the end of the Exposition [52]. His report was titled The Agricultural Machines at the Universal Exposition of Paris.

He left for France on June 5, 1889 aboard the Río Negro with his wife Celerina Pinget and daughter Alfonsina. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Thirty-seven years had passed since his self-imposed exile to Argentina. The International Socialist Congress met in Paris between July 14 and 21, during which it established the Second International. Socialist International is a worldwide organization of socialist ( social democratic and labour) political parties The Second International (1889-1916 was an organization of socialist and labour parties formed in Paris on July 14, 1889. Peyret reported his activities during these days in a letter addressed to the governor of Entre Ríos, Clemente Basavilbaso, published on July 28 in a Paraná daily. According to his letter, he spent only the 20th at the Socialist Congress, whose sessions lasted the entire day. He left a more detailed account in his personal diary: on July 20, Saturday, he went to the congress, at the salon de Folies Parisiennes on the Boulevard Rochechouart. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold "I was announced as a delegate from the Argentine Republic, there was applause, but at that very moment I was leaving the room. " The day's speaker was a member of the House of Commons, who spoke on the eight-hour workday [53] On behalf of the Italian republicans of Buenos Aires, Peyret delivered a plaque commemorating the French Revolution to the Paris city council [54]. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an

On April 1, 1892 he recorded: "I would have liked to have had the money I spent without reason in Concepción del Uruguay and Colonia San José. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Had I put that money in a bank, I would be able to live off those savings. And my father: what he spent in Serres Castet! When I came to France the current owner of the property proposed to sell it to me, and I told him that no, he had taken me for a millionaire" [55].

Peyret was named the representative of the Province of Entre Ríos to the 1st Provincial Agricultural Congress held in Esperanza, Santa Fe from May 24 to June 2, 1892 [56]. Esperanza is a city in the center of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year He was commissioned on June 1892 to write the history of Argentine colonization and was for a year granted a monthly salary of $500 "including his salary as Inspector of Colonies" [57]. In 1898 he decided that he had collected the necessary research to write the history and had begun the work, "to be completed when my health permits" [58]. He served as Inspector General of Colonies from early 1895 until January 16, 1900, when he retired [59]. Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar

Retirement and death

On June 13, 1893, he was unanimously elected the first president of the French Alliance of Buenos Aires, whose committee met at the French Club [60]. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common On December 13, 1885, in the presence of the federal judge Juan del Campillo, he swore the oath of citizenship on the Constitution [61]. Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The constitution of Argentina is one of the primary sources of exisiting law in Argentina. He requested retirement benefits on October 14, 1889, on the justification of his advanced age and poor health, naturalized Argentine citizenship, and physical infirmity after thirty-one years of service. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common President Julio Argentino Roca granted his request with a decree signed on February 19, 1900 [62]. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Year 1900 ( MCM) was an exceptional Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar

In his final year of life, he recorded his agronomic reminiscences in an article, "Colonia San José - How it was Founded", written in October 1901 and published in the review Urquiza [63]. He died at his home at 176 General Urquiza Street in Buenos Aires on August 27, 1902, of chronic myocarditis [64]. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting His internment in the Western Cemetery was attended by Julio Argentino Roca, his aide-de-camp Colonel David Marambio Catán, and a large audience.

The Masonic Review, an independent organ of international freemasonry, published "In memoriam, the Illustrious and Honorable Dr. Alejo Peyret: this Republic and more immediately Argentine freemasonry have lost one of their greatest thinkers, an indefatigable apostle of liberalism. By special decree, the Argentine Orient elects the Powerful and Honorable Francisco F. Fernandez to speak in the name of national freemasonry. The name of the Honorable Peyret is engraved in the memory of those he has taught to cultivate knowledge and love justice and truth" [65].

At the request of his heirs, Peyret's ashes were moved to the cemetery of San José on November 26, 1995 [66]. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The only items in his will were a plot of land in San José and a fraction of the homestead zone at the same colony [67].

References

  1. ^ Iglesia de Jesucristo de los Santos de los Últimos Días, film nº1813365.
  2. ^ The law of September 5, 1798 establishing compulsory military service was reformed in 1802. Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Year 1798 ( MDCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Military substitution was permitted until 1855.
  3. ^ Alexis Peyret, de Serres Castet à Buenos Aires, Centre Social Alexis Peyret, Orthez, France, Ed. Gascogne, 2002, p. 21.
  4. ^ APAPP, Copybook, p. 13. Alejo Peyret to his cousin Louis Casamajor Salenave, Colón, June 21 1871:"I would rather leave France than see her humiliated, debased, disgraced".
  5. ^ MHRSJ,AAP, Notes 1881, 1891, 1892, Buenos Aires, 16 diciembre 1891, sin nº de pp.
  6. ^ Parliamentary Archive, National Senate of Argentina, Expte. jubilatorio P-1563 - 98, fjs. 4; also in the National Registry of the Argentine Republic, 1853-1857, decree 183 of July 11, 1855.
  7. ^ Ibid. pp. 1563 - 98
  8. ^ General Archive of the Nation (abbrev. AGN), Victorica Archive, volume 3129, #323.
  9. ^ Revista Voces Entrerrianas, Buenos Aires, June 1969, publication of the Asociación Entrerriana of General Urquiza, directed by Domingo Canale.
  10. ^ MHRSJ, AAP, Notes, 1891- 1892, December 16 1892
  11. ^ Manuel Machi, Urquiza colonizador, Buenos Aires, 1949, p. 56.
  12. ^ Beatriz Bosch, Alejo Peyret, Administrador de la Colonia San José, Buenos Aires, National Academy of History, offprint of the Third Congress of Argentine and Regional History, Santa Fe - Paraná, 1977, p. 60.
  13. ^ Emigration et Colonisation: La Colonie San José, Concepción del Uruguay, Imprimerie du Journal L’Uruguay, 1860, 60 pp.
  14. ^ Bulletin, Official Publication, Vol. 3, p. 405.
  15. ^ Bulletin, Official Publication, Vol. 1, Buenos Aires. , 1869, pp. 62 and 74.
  16. ^ Alejo Peyret, "Consideraciones sobre la colonia, Villa Colón y la provincia de Entre Ríos" in the official bulletin of the National Exposition of Córdoba of 1871, Vol. 7, Buenos Aires, 1873, pp. 269 -308; available by request at El Porvenir Library in Concepción del Uruguay.
  17. ^ Godofredo Daireaux, et al, Alejo Peyret, 1826-1902, Buenos Aires, 1902, p. 16.
  18. ^ Report presented by the General Ministry to the Legislative Chamber of the Province of Entre Ríos, Concepción del Uruguay, Imprenta de El Uruguay, 1868, Anexo F, Acuerdo, pp. 49-50.
  19. ^ Recopilación de Leyes. . . cit, 1872, p. 663
  20. ^ Oscar F. Urquiza Almandoz, History of Concepción del Uruguay, Santa Fe, Ed. de Entre Ríos, 2002, Book II, p. 346.
  21. ^ Parish of San José, Book I. vol. 47.
  22. ^ Alcibiades Lappas, La masonería argentina a través de sus hombres, Buenos Aires, Offset Difo S. H. , Third Ed. , 2000, p. 343.
  23. ^ Id. , La logia masónica Jorge Washington de Concepción del Uruguay, in the Revista de Historia Entrerriana, Buenos Aires, 1969, #4 - 5, p. 366.
  24. ^ Ibid. , p. 368.
  25. ^ Discursos: Alejo Peyret, Buenos Aires, 1907, pp. 373-385.
  26. ^ MHRSJ. , AAP. , Notes quotidiennes, avril 1884- mars 1887
  27. ^ Letter to his brother Emile, August 14, 1871 in APAPP, Copybook, p. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common 220.
  28. ^ Ibid. , p. 45.
  29. ^ MHRSJ. , AAP. , notebook 7, pp. 82-85.
  30. ^ Law #587 passed May 21, 1873 approved the decree of executive power in declaring an intervention against the Province of Entre Ríos (2nd Jordanist Rebellion). Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Cf. The Legislative Power of the Argentine Nation, Historical Institute of the Argentine Parliament, Buenos Aires, Book VIII, 1996, p. 771.
  31. ^ As well as against Urquiza, the criticism had been leveled at Sarmiento in no uncertain terms. Cf. : M. Macchi, Formation and Development of an Argentine colony, Paraná, official imprint of the Province of Entre Ríos, 1977, p. 15.
  32. ^ He said of the uprising: "This damn rebellion has done a lot of damage. Many refugees remain in Montevideo and Brazil. " PSJ. , Archive, box 13, folder 109. Cf. : Letter from Rodolfo Siegrist to José Balestrin, in which he transcribes one by Alejo Peyret, December 4, 1874.
  33. ^ Buenos Aires, 1873, 105 pp. The copy may be found in the Alberto Larroque Library, at the National College of Uruguay, Concepción del Uruguay.
  34. ^ G. Daireaux, in "Introducción": Cf. A. Peyret, The Evolution of . . . , p. 19.
  35. ^ AGN. , Victorica Archive, volume. 3149.
  36. ^ PSJ. , Archive, cabinet 106, folder 403.
  37. ^ Idem, cabinet 57, folder 463, letter of July 27, 1874. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
  38. ^ A. Peyret, Countes Biarnés, Paris, Ed. Félix Lajouane, 1890.
  39. ^ The language of Béarn is a dialect of Gascon which is, like Provençal, a variety of Occitan. Cf: Dominique Bidot, et al, Histoire de Béarn, Denguin, France, 1992, p. 87
  40. ^ The College of History, 45th Anniversary, First Edition, 1894, pp. 27-29.
  41. ^ University of Buenos Aires, Historical Archive, files.
  42. ^ Idem, cabinet 54-1-46.
  43. ^ Parliamentary Archive, National Senate, Expte. jubilatorio P-1563-98, p. 10.
  44. ^ A. Lappas, La logia masónica Jorge Washington . . . p. 378.
  45. ^ Oscar F. Urquiza ALmandoz, History of Concepción del . . . Vol. III, p. 249.
  46. ^ Imprint of La Tribuna Nacional, Buenos Aires, 1881.
  47. ^ Archivo Parlamentario, Senado de la Nación, Expte. jubilatorio P-1563/98, set 17
  48. ^ Buenos Aires, Félix Lajouane, 1885.
  49. ^ National Registry, 1887, p. 131.
  50. ^ Buenos Aires, 1889, with an introduction by Andrés Lamas.
  51. ^ Paris, 1889.
  52. ^ National Registry, 1889, Volume XII, p. 109, decree of May 10, 1889. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
  53. ^ Notes de voyage en Europe 1889-1891, part 79. There is no evidence to suggest that Peyret had gone to the Congress on the behalf of any socialist organization in Argentina. His attendance was evidently due to his personal interest.
  54. ^ Diario de Paraná, Peyret to the Governor of Entre Ríos Clemente Basavilbaso, November 8, 1889. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
  55. ^ MHRSJ, AAP, Notes quotidiennes, 1892, vol. 215. Peyret refers to the house of his birth in Serres Castet, which had come to be owned by the De Stampa family.
  56. ^ Manuel Cervera, Historical outline of Argentine colonization and the foundation of Esperanza, Buenos Aires, 1906, p. 81
  57. ^ National Registry, 1892, pp. 719-720
  58. ^ Parliamentary Archive, National Senate, Expte. jubilatorio P- 1563-98, set 1
  59. ^ Ibid. , set 17
  60. ^ La Nación, Buenos Aires, Wednesday, June 14, 1893. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
  61. ^ Parliamentary Archive, National Senate, Expte. jubilatorio P- 1563-98, certificado nº 265.
  62. ^ Ibid. , 19-20.
  63. ^ Número Único, 1801-1901, 1st Centenary of the Birth of Urquiza, Buenos Aires, 1901. Available on request at the Martiniano Leguizamón Museum, Paraná.
  64. ^ Civil Registry Archive, Buenos Aires, Book of the deceased, Section 5, draft of 1685.
  65. ^ Archive of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, Masonic Review, founded and directed by Salvador Ingegnieros, year IX, July - August 1902, #13-16, p. 105.
  66. ^ C. Vernaz, Alejo Peyret, Administrator of the Colony of San José, Concepción del Uruguay, 2002, p. 47.
  67. ^ ATC, 1938, Sucesorios, volume 14. 466.
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