An aldehyde is an organic compound containing a terminal carbonyl group. In Organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a Functional group composed of a Carbon Atom double-bonded to an Oxygen This functional group, which consists of a carbon atom bonded to a hydrogen atom and double-bonded to an oxygen atom (chemical formula O=CH-), is called the aldehyde group. In Organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of Atoms within Molecules that are responsible for the characteristic Chemical reactions Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the The aldehyde group is also called the formyl or methanoyl group.

The word aldehyde seems to have arisen from alcohol dehydrogenated. In the past, aldehydes were sometimes named after the corresponding alcohols, for example, vinous aldehyde for acetaldehyde. In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon Acetaldehyde, sometimes known as ethanal, is an organic chemical compound with the formula C[[Hydrogen H]]3CH O or MeCHO (Vinous is from Latin vinum = wine, the traditional source of ethanol; compare vinyl. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. A vinyl compound is any Organic compound that contains a vinyl group (also called ethenyl) &minus C[[Hydrogen H]] =CH sub>2 )

The aldehyde group is polar. "Polar molecule" and "Non-polar" redirect here Oxygen, more electronegative than carbon, pulls the electrons in the carbon-oxygen bond towards itself, creating an electron deficiency at the carbon atom. Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the " Electronegativity " is the opposite of " Electropositivity," which describes an element's ability to donate electrons A carbon-oxygen bond is a Covalent bond between Carbon and Oxygen and one of the most abundant in Organic chemistry and Biochemistry

Owing to resonance stabilization of the conjugate base, an α-hydrogen in an aldehyde is more acidic than a hydrogen atom in an alkane, with a typical pKa of 17. The alpha carbon in Organic chemistry refers to the first carbon that attaches to a Functional group (the carbon is attached at the first or alpha position

Contents 1 Nomenclature 1.1 IUPAC names for aldehydes 1.2 Other nomenclature 2 Chemistry 2.1 Synthesis 2.2 Keto-enol tautomerism 2.3 Common reactions 2.3.1 Reduction and oxidation 2.3.2 Nucleophilic addition reactions 2.3.3 More complex reactions 3 Examples of aldehydes 4 Related compounds 5 References

Nomenclature

IUPAC names for aldehydes

IUPAC prescribes the following nomenclature for aldehydes:^[1][2][3]

1. Acyclic aliphatic aldehydes are named as derivatives of the longest carbon chain containing the aldehyde group. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry ( IUPAC) (aɪjuːpæk or ay-yoo-pec) is an international Non-governmental organization In Organic chemistry, compounds composed of Carbon and Hydrogen are divided into two classes Aromatic compounds which contain Benzene rings Thus, HCHO is named as a derivative of methane, and CH₃CH₂CH₂CHO is named as a derivative of butane. The name is formed by changing the suffix -e of the parent alkane to -al, so that HCHO is named methanal, and CH₃CH₂CH₂CHO is named butanal. Alkanes, also known as Paraffins are Chemical compounds that consist only of the elements Carbon (C and Hydrogen (H (i Formaldehyde is a Chemical compound with the formula H2CO It is the simplest Aldehyde —an organic compound containing a terminal Carbonyl Butyraldehyde, also known as butanal, is an Organic compound that is the Aldehyde analog of Butane as well as an isomer of Butanone
2. In other cases, such as when a -CHO group is attached to a ring, the suffix -carbaldehyde may be used. Thus, C₆H₁₁CHO is known as cyclohexanecarbaldehyde. If the presence of another functional group demands the use of a suffix, the aldehyde group is named with the prefix formyl-. This prefix is preferred to methanoyl-.
3. If the compound is a natural product or a carboxylic acid, the prefix oxo- may be used to indicate which carbon atom is part of the aldehyde group; for example, CHOCH₂COOH is named 3-oxopropanoic acid.
4. If replacing the aldehyde group with a carboxyl (-COOH) group would yield a carboxylic acid with a trivial name, the aldehyde may be named by replacing the suffix -ic acid or -oic acid in this trivial name by -aldehyde. For example:

• HCHO may be called formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is a Chemical compound with the formula H2CO It is the simplest Aldehyde —an organic compound containing a terminal Carbonyl
• CH₃CHO may be called acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde, sometimes known as ethanal, is an organic chemical compound with the formula C[[Hydrogen H]]3CH O or MeCHO
• C₆H₅CHO may be called benzaldehyde. Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO is a chemical compound consisting of a Benzene ring with an Aldehyde substituent

Other nomenclature

The carbon atom adjacent to a carbonyl group is called the α carbon. Carbon atoms further away from the group may be named β for the carbon atom bonded to the α carbon, γ for the next, and so on. Hydrogen atoms bonded to these carbon atoms are named likewise: an α hydrogen is a hydrogen atom bonded to the α carbon and so on.

A reaction that introduces an aldehyde group is known as a formylation reaction. A formylation reaction in Organic chemistry is the catch-all name for any Organic reaction in which an Organic compound is functionalized with a Formyl

Chemistry

Synthesis

There are several methods for preparing aldehydes:

• Reacting a primary alcohol with an oxidizing agent. In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon An oxidizing agent or oxidising agent (also called an oxidant, oxidizer or oxidiser) can be defined as either a Chemical compound In the laboratory, this may be achieved by heating the alcohol with a chromium(VI) reagent an acidified solution of potassium dichromate, which is reduced to green Cr³⁺ during the reaction. Potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7 is a common inorganic chemical reagent most commonly used as an Oxidizing agent in various laboratory Redox (shorthand for reduction-oxidation reaction describes all Chemical reactions in which atoms have their Oxidation number ( Oxidation state Excess dichromate will further oxidise the aldehyde to form a carboxylic acid, so either the aldehyde is distilled out as it forms (if volatile) or milder methods and reagents such as PCC oxidation, IBX acid, Dess-Martin periodinane, or Swern oxidation are used. Chromates and dichromates are Salts of Chromic acid and dichromic acid respectively Carboxylic acids are Organic acids characterized by the presence of a Carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=OOH usually written -COOH or -CO2H Distillation is a method of separating Mixtures based on differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture Vapor pressure (also known as equilibrium vapor pressure or saturation vapor pressure) is the Pressure of a Vapor in equilibrium Pyridinium chlorochromate is a reddish orange solid reagent used to Oxidize primary Alcohols to Aldehydes and secondary Alcohols to Ketones Dess-Martin periodinane is a Chemical reagent used to oxidize primary Alcohols to Aldehydes and secondary Alcohols to Ketones The Swern oxidation, named after Daniel Swern, is a Chemical reaction whereby a primary or secondary Alcohol is oxidized to an Aldehyde The reaction is illustrated below with propan-1-ol being oxidised to form propionaldehyde, and again with pentan-1-ol being oxidized to form pentanal. Propan-1-ol is a primary Alcohol with the formula CH3CH2CH2OH Propionaldehyde or propanal is the Organic compound with the formula CH3CH2CHO Pentanal, also called pentanaldehyde or valeraldehyde, is an Alkyl Aldehyde.

CH₃CH₂CH₂OH —→ CH₃CH₂CHO

• Reacting an alkene (if there is a vinylic hydrogen) with ozone will form an ozonide (an unstable, explosive intermediate), which yields an aldehyde upon reduction with zinc and acid at reduced temperatures. In Organic chemistry, an alkene, olefin, or olefine is an unsaturated Chemical compound containing at least one Carbon A vinyl compound is any Organic compound that contains a vinyl group (also called ethenyl) &minus C[[Hydrogen H]] =CH sub>2 OZONE is an object oriented Operating system written in the C programming language. This process is called ozonolysis. Ozonolysis is the cleavage of an Alkene or Alkyne with Ozone to form Organic compounds in which the multiple Carbon-carbon bond has
• Reacting an ester with diisobutyl aluminium hydride (DIBAL-H) or sodium aluminium hydride can cause reduction, yielding an aldehyde. Esters are a class of Chemical compounds and Functional groups Esters consist of an inorganic or organic Acid in which at least Diisobutylaluminium hydride, DIBAL DIBAL-H or DIBAH is a Reducing agent with the formula ( i -Bu2AlH2 where i -Bu represents
• Reduction of an acid chloride using the Rosenmund reduction or using lithium tri-t-butoxyaluminium hydride (LiAlH(O-t-C₄H₉)₃). In Organic chemistry, an acyl chloride (or acid chloride) is an Organic compound which is a reactive derivative of a Carboxylic acid. The Rosenmund reduction is a Chemical reaction that reduces an Acid halide to an Aldehyde using hydrogen gas over Palladium-on-carbon
• Reaction of ketones with methoxymethylenetriphenylphosphine in a modified Wittig reaction. Methoxymethylenetriphenylphosphine is a Wittig reagent with used as an Reagent in the Homologization of Aldehydes and Ketones to extended The Wittig reaction is a Chemical reaction of an Aldehyde or Ketone with a triphenyl phosphonium ylide (often called a Wittig reagent
• Various formylation reactions, such as the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction, can be used to introduce an aldehyde group. A formylation reaction in Organic chemistry is the catch-all name for any Organic reaction in which an Organic compound is functionalized with a Formyl The Vilsmeier-Haack reaction (also called the Vilsmeier reaction) is the Chemical reaction of a substituted Amide ( 1) with Phosphorus oxychloride
• In the Nef reaction, aldehydes form by hydrolysis of salts of primary nitro compounds. The Nef reaction is an Organic reaction describing the acid Hydrolysis of a salt of a primary or secondary Nitroalkane ( 1) to an
• Zincke aldehydes form by reaction of pyridinium salts with secondary amines followed by hydrolysis. The Zincke reaction is an Organic reaction in which a Pyridine is transformed into a Pyridinium salt by reaction with 24-dinitro-chlorobenzene and a
• In the Stephen aldehyde synthesis aldehydes form from nitriles, tin(II) chloride, and hydrochloric acid. Stephen aldehyde synthesis, a Named reaction in chemistry was invented by Henry Stephen ( OBE / MBE) A nitrile is any Organic compound which has a - C ≡ N Functional group. Tin(II chloride (stannous chloride is a white Crystalline solid with the formula 2 Hydrochloric acid is the Solution of Hydrogen chloride ( H[[Chlorine Cl]] in water
• In the Meyers synthesis they form by hydrolysis of an oxazine. The Meyers synthesis is an Organic synthesis for the preparation of unsymmetrical Aldehydes via Hydrolysis of an Oxazine.
• The McFadyen-Stevens reaction is a base-catalyzed thermal decomposition of acylsulfonylhydrazides

Keto-enol tautomerism

Aldehydes can exist in either the keto or enol tautomers. The McFadyen-Stevens reaction is a Chemical reaction best described as a base-catalyzed thermal decomposition of acylsulfonylhydrazides to Aldehydes Dudman Enols (also known as alkenols) are Alkenes with a Hydroxyl group affixed to one of the carbon atoms composing the Double bond. Tautomers are Organic compounds that are interconvertible by a Chemical reaction called tautomerization. Keto-enol tautomerism is catalyzed by either acid or base. In Organic chemistry, keto-enol Tautomerism refers to a Chemical equilibrium between a keto form (a Ketone or an Aldehyde

Common reactions

Reduction and oxidation

• The aldehyde group can be reduced to the group -CH₂OH, changing the aldehyde into a primary alcohol. A primary alcohol is an Alcohol which has the Hydroxyl radical connected to a Primary carbon.
• The aldehyde group can be oxidized to the group -COOH, yielding a carboxylic acid. Carboxylic acids are Organic acids characterized by the presence of a Carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=OOH usually written -COOH or -CO2H Suitable oxidizing agents include potassium permanganate, nitric acid, chromium(VI) oxide, and acidified potassium dichromate. Potassium permanganate is the Chemical compound K[[manganese Mn]] O 4 Nitric acid ( H[[nitrate NO3]] also known as Aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is a highly corrosive and Chromic acid generally refers to a collection of compounds generated by the acidification of solutions containing Chromate and Dichromate anions or the In Computer science, ACID ( Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that Database transactions are Potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7 is a common inorganic chemical reagent most commonly used as an Oxidizing agent in various laboratory
• The combination of manganese dioxide, acetic acid and methanol will convert the aldehyde to a methyl ester ^[4]
• Another oxidation reaction is the silver mirror test. Manganese(IV oxide is the Chemical compound MnO2 commonly called manganese dioxide. Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound, giving Vinegar its sour taste Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, carbinol, wood alcohol, wood naphtha or wood spirits, is a Chemical compound Esters are a class of Chemical compounds and Functional groups Esters consist of an inorganic or organic Acid in which at least In this test, an aldehyde is treated with Tollens' reagent, which is prepared by adding a drop of sodium hydroxide solution into silver nitrate solution to give a precipitate of silver(I) oxide, and then adding just enough dilute ammonia solution to redissolve the precipitate in aqueous ammonia to produce [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ complex. Tollens' reagent is usually ammoniacal silver nitrate but can also be other compounds as long as there is an aqueous diamminesilver(I complex. Sodium hydroxide ( Na[[hydroxide OH]]) also known as Lye, caustic soda and (incorrectly according to IUPAC nomenclature Silver nitrate also known as lunar caustic is a soluble Chemical compound with Chemical formula Ag[[Nitrogen N]] O 3 Ammonia is a compound with the formula N[[hydrogen H3]] It is normally encountered as a Gas with a characteristic pungent Odor This reagent will convert aldehydes to carboxylic acids without attacking carbon-carbon double-bonds. The name silver mirror test arises because this reaction will produce a precipitate of silver whose presence can be used to test for the presence of an aldehyde.
• If the aldehyde can not form an enolate (e. g. benzaldehyde), addition of strong base causes the Cannizzaro reaction to occur, producing a mixture of alcohol and carboxylic acid. The Cannizzaro reaction, named after its discoverer Stanislao Cannizzaro, is a Chemical reaction that involves the base -induced Disproportionation

Nucleophilic addition reactions

In nucleophilic addition reactions a nucleophile can add to the carbon atom in the carbonyl group, yielding an addition compound in which this carbon atom has tetrahedral molecular geometry. In Chemistry, a nucleophile (literally nucleus lover as in nucleus and phile) is a Reagent that forms a Chemical bond to In a Tetrahedral molecular geometry a central Atom is located at the center with four Substituents that are located at the corners of a Tetrahedron. Together with protonation of the oxygen atom in the carbonyl group (which can take place either before or after addition); this yields a product where the carbon atom in the carbonyl group is bonded to the nucleophile, a hydrogen atom, and a hydroxyl group.

In many cases, a water molecule is removed after the addition takes place; in this case, the reaction is classed as an addition-elimination or addition-condensation reaction. An addition reaction, in Chemistry, is in its simplest terms an Organic reaction where two or more molecules combine to form a larger one An elimination reaction is a type of Organic reaction in which two Substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one or two-step mechanism. An addition reaction, in Chemistry, is in its simplest terms an Organic reaction where two or more molecules combine to form a larger one A condensation reaction is a Chemical reaction in which two Molecules or moieties ( Functional groups) combine to form one single molecule together with

There are various examples of nucleophilic addition reactions.

• In the acetalisation reaction, under acidic or basic conditions, an alcohol adds to the carbonyl group and a proton is transferred to form a hemiacetal. Acetalisation is an Organic reaction that involves the formation of an Acetal or Ketal. In Computer science, ACID ( Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that Database transactions are In Chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept Protons This refers to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon Hemiacetals and hemiketals are compounds of the general formula R1R2C(OHOR3 where R3 is not a hydrogen Under acidic conditions, the hemiacetal and the alcohol can further react to form an acetal and water. In Computer science, ACID ( Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) is a set of properties that guarantee that Database transactions are An acetal is a Molecule with two single bonded oxygens attached to the same carbon atom Simple hemiacetals are usually unstable, although cyclic ones such as glucose can be stable. Glucose (Glc a Monosaccharide (or simple Sugar) also known as grape sugar, is an important Carbohydrate in Biology. Acetals are stable, but revert to the aldehyde in the presence of acid.
• Aldehydes can react with water (under acidic or basic conditions) to form hydrates, R-C(H)(OH)(OH), although these are only stable when strong electron withdrawing groups are present, as in chloral hydrate. Hydrate is a term used in Inorganic chemistry and Organic chemistry to indicate that a substance contains Water. The Polar effect or electronic effect in Chemistry is the effect exerted by a Substituent on modifying Electrostatic forces operating on a nearby Chloral hydrate is a Sedative and Hypnotic drug as well as a Chemical reagent and precursor The mechanism is identical to hemiacetal formation.
• In alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution, a primary or secondary amine adds to the carbonyl group and a proton is transferred from the nitrogen to the oxygen atom to create a carbinolamine. Alkylimino-de-oxo-bisubstitution in Organic chemistry is the Organic reaction of Carbonyl compounds with Amines to Imines. In the case of a primary amine, a water molecule can be eliminated from the carbinolamine to yield an imine. An imine is a Functional group or Chemical compound containing a Carbon – Nitrogen Double bond. This reaction is catalyzed by acid.
• The cyano group in HCN can add to the carbonyl group to form cyanohydrins, R-C(H)(OH)(CN). Hydrogen cyanide is a Chemical compound with Chemical formula HCN A cyanohydrin is a Functional group in Organic compounds Cyanohydrins have the formula R2C(OHCN where R is H Alkyl, or Aryl.
• In the Grignard reaction, a Grignard reagent adds to the group, eventually yielding an alcohol with a substituted group from the Grignard reagent. The Grignard reaction, named for the French chemist François Auguste Victor Grignard, is an organometallic Chemical reaction in which Alkyl - The Grignard reaction, named for the French chemist François Auguste Victor Grignard, is an organometallic Chemical reaction in which Alkyl - Related reactions are the Barbier reaction and the Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction. The Barbier reaction is an Organic reaction between an Alkyl halide and a Carbonyl group as an Electrophilic substrate in the presence of The Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi reaction is a Nickel / Chromium Coupling reaction forming an Alcohol from reaction of an Aldehyde with a
• In the aldol reaction, the metal enolates of ketones, esters, amides, and carboxylic acids will add to aldehydes to form β-hydroxycarbonyl compounds (aldols). The aldol reaction is an important Carbon-carbon bond formation reaction in Organic chemistry. Enols (also known as alkenols) are Alkenes with a Hydroxyl group affixed to one of the carbon atoms composing the Double bond. A ketone (pronounced as key tone) is either the Functional group characterized by a Carbonyl group (O=C linked to two other Carbon atoms or Esters are a class of Chemical compounds and Functional groups Esters consist of an inorganic or organic Acid in which at least In Chemistry, an amide is one of three kinds of Compounds (sometimes called acid amide the organic Functional group characterized Carboxylic acids are Organic acids characterized by the presence of a Carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=OOH usually written -COOH or -CO2H See also Aldol reaction An aldol or aldol adduct is a beta-hydroxy Ketone or Aldehyde, and is the product of aldol addition Acid or base-catalyzed dehydration will then lead to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The combination of these two steps is known as the aldol condensation. An Aldol condensation is an Organic reaction in which an Enolate ion reacts with a Carbonyl compound to form a β-hydroxyaldehyde or β-hydroxyketone followed
• Hydroxylamine (NH₂OH) can add to the carbonyl group. Hydroxylamine is a reactive chemical with formula NH2OH It can be considered a hybrid of Ammonia and Water due to parallels it shares After the elimination of water, this will result in an oxime. oxime is one in a class of Chemical compounds with the general formula R1R2 C[[nitrogen N]] O[[hydrogen H]] where R1 is an
• An ammonia derivative of the form H₂NNR₂ such as hydrazine (H₂NNH₂) or 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine can add to the carbonyl group. Ammonia is a compound with the formula N[[hydrogen H3]] It is normally encountered as a Gas with a characteristic pungent Odor Hydrazine is a Chemical compound with the formula N2H4 It has an Ammonia -like odor and is derived from the same industrial chemistry 24-Dinitrophenylhydrazine ( DNPH, Brady's reagent) is the Chemical compound C6H3(NO22NHNH2 After the elimination of water, this will result in the formation of a hydrazone. A hydrazone is a class of Organic compounds with the structure R2C=NNR2 This forms the basis of a test for aldehydes and ketones. A ketone (pronounced as key tone) is either the Functional group characterized by a Carbonyl group (O=C linked to two other Carbon atoms or

More complex reactions

• If an aldehyde is converted to a simple hydrazone (RCH=NHNH₂) and this is heated with a base such as KOH, the terminal carbon is fully reduced via the Wolff-Kishner reaction to a methyl group. Potassium hydroxide is the Inorganic compound with the formula K[[hydroxide OH]] In Chemistry, a methyl group is a Hydrophobic Alkyl Functional group named after Methane (4 The Wolff-Kishner reaction may be performed as a one-pot reaction, giving the overall conversion RCH=O → RCH₃. In Chemistry a one-pot synthesis is a strategy to improve the efficiency of a Chemical reaction whereby a Reactant is subjected to successive chemical reactions
• Reaction of aldehydes with reducing agents such as magnesium gives diols in a Pinacol coupling reaction. A reducing agent (also called a reductant or reducer) is the element or a compound in a Redox (reduction-oxidation reaction (see Electrochemistry Magnesium (mægˈniːziəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Mg, Atomic number 12 Atomic weight 24 A diol or glycol is a Chemical compound containing two Hydroxyl groups (-OH groups Vicinal diols have hydroxyl groups attached to adjacent atoms pinacol coupling reaction is an Organic reaction in which a carbon-carbon Covalent bond is formed between the Carbonyl groups of an Aldehyde
• The Wittig reaction takes aldehydes to alkenes and the Corey-Fuchs reaction takes aldehydes to alkynes. The Wittig reaction is a Chemical reaction of an Aldehyde or Ketone with a triphenyl phosphonium ylide (often called a Wittig reagent In Organic chemistry, an alkene, olefin, or olefine is an unsaturated Chemical compound containing at least one Carbon The Corey-Fuchs reaction is a series of Chemical reactions designed to transform an Aldehyde into an Alkyne. Alkynes are Hydrocarbons that have at least one Triple bond between two Carbon atoms with the formula CnH2n-2. Both use a triphenylphosphine reagent. Triphenylphosphine (in Europe triphenylphosphane is a common Organophosphorus compound with the formula P(C6H53 - often abbreviated to The Takai reaction also converts aldehydes to alkenes. Takai olefination in Organic chemistry describes the Organic reaction of an Aldehyde with a diorganochromium compound to form an Alkene The Corey-Chaykovsky reagent is a sulfonium ylide which converts aldehydes to epoxides. The Johnson-Corey-Chaykovsky reaction is a Chemical reaction in which a Carbonyl is converted to an Epoxide by the action of a Sulfonium ylide An ylid or ylide (US is a neutral Molecule with a positive and a negative charge on adjacent Atoms They appear in Organic chemistry An epoxide is a cyclic Ether with only three ring atoms This ring approximately is an Equilateral triangle, i

Examples of aldehydes

• Methanal (Formaldehyde)
• Ethanal (Acetaldehyde)
• Propanal (Propionaldehyde)
• Butanal (butyraldehyde)
• Glucose
• Benzaldehyde
• Cinnamaldehyde
• tolualdehyde

Related compounds

Other kinds of organic compounds containing carbonyl groups include

• Dialdehydes
• Ketones
• Carboxylic acids
• Amides

References

The Journal of the American Chemical Society (usually abbreviated as J A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.

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