Albumin (Latin: albus, white) refers generally to any protein with water solubility, which is moderately soluble in concentrated salt solutions, and experiences heat coagulation (protein denaturation). Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Denaturation is a process in which Proteins or Nucleic acids lose their structure (tertiary structure by application of some external stress or compound for Substances containing albumin, such as egg white, are called albuminoids. Albumen redirects here For other uses see Albumen (disambiguation.
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Types
Serum albumin
The most well-known type of albumin is the serum albumin in the blood. Serum albumin, often referred to simply as albumin, is the most abundant Plasma protein in humans and other Mammals Albumin is essential for maintaining
Serum albumin is the most abundant blood plasma protein and is produced in the liver and forms a large proportion of all plasma protein. Blood plasma is the Liquid component of Blood, in which the Blood cells are suspended The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals The human version is human serum albumin, and it normally constitutes about 60% of human plasma protein; all other proteins present in blood plasma are referred to collectively as globulins. Human serum albumin is the most abundant Protein in Human Blood plasma. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus Globulin is one of the two types of serum Proteins the other being albumin.
Serum albumins are important in regulating blood volume by maintaining the osmotic pressure of the blood compartment. Osmotic pressure is the hydrostatic pressure produced by a difference in concentration between solutions on the two sides of a surface such as a semipermeable membrane They also serve as carriers for molecules of low water solubility, including lipid soluble hormones, bile salts, bilirubin, free fatty acids (apoprotein), calcium, iron (transferrin), and some drugs. Bile or gall is a bitter yellow or green Alkaline fluid secreted by Hepatocytes from the Liver of most Vertebrates In many species Bilirubin (formerly referred to as hematoidin) is the yellow breakdown product of normal Heme Catabolism. In Chemistry, especially Biochemistry, a fatty acid is a Carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched Aliphatic tail ( chain) which Calcium (ˈkælsiəm is the Chemical element with the symbol Ca and Atomic number 20 Transferrin is a Blood plasma Protein for Iron Ion delivery Transferrin is a Glycoprotein, which binds iron very tightly but reversibly Competition between drugs for albumin binding sites may cause drug interaction by increasing the free fraction of one of the drugs, thereby affecting potency.
Specific types include:
- human serum albumin
- bovine serum albumin (cattle serum albumin) or BSA, often used in medical and molecular biology labs. Human serum albumin is the most abundant Protein in Human Blood plasma. Bovine serum albumin Bovine Albumin BSA, also known as "Fraction V" is a Serum albumin protein that has numerous biochemical applications including ELISAs
Low albumin (hypoalbuminaemia) may be caused by liver disease, nephrotic syndrome, burns, protein-losing enteropathy, malabsorption, malnutrition, late pregnancy, artefact, posture, genetic variations and malignancy. Not to be confused with Nephritic syndrome Nephrotic syndrome is a nonspecific disorder in which the Kidneys are damaged to leak large Protein losing enteropathy refers to any condition of the Gastrointestinal tract that results in a net loss of Protein from the body
High albumin is almost always caused by dehydration. In some cases of retinol (Vitamin A) deficiency the albumin level can become raised to borderline High-normal values. This is because retinol causes cells to swell with water (this is also the reason too much Vitamin A is toxic)
Normal range of human serum albumin in adults (> 3 y. o. ) is 3. 5 to 5 g/dL. For children less than three years of age, the normal range is broader, 2. 5-5. 5 g/dL. [1]
Other types
Other types include the storage protein ovalbumin in egg white, and different storage albumins in the seeds of some plants. Ovalbumin is the main Protein found in Egg white, making up 60-65% of the total protein A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Note that albumin is spelled with an "i" while "albumen" with an "e" is the white of an egg, the part of the egg from which meringues are made. "Albus" in Latin is white.
References
External links
See also
- Cohn process (human serum albumin purification method)
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