Albrecht I of Habsburg (July 1255 – May 1, 1308), sometimes named as Albert I, was King of the Romans, Duke of Austria, and eldest son of German King Rudolph I of Habsburg and Gertrude of Hohenburg. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. King of the Romans ( Latin: Rex Romanorum) was the title used by the elected ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the Imperator futurus A duke is a member of the Nobility, historically of highest rank below the Sovereign, and historically controlled a Duchy or a Dukedom The Archduchy of Austria (Erzherzogtum Österreich one of the most important states within the Holy Roman Empire, was the center of the Habsburg Monarchy and Rudolph I, also known as Rudolph of Habsburg ( German: Rudolf von Habsburg, Latin Rudolfus) May 1, 1218 &ndash Gertrude of Hohenburg (c 1225 &ndash 16 February, 1281, Vienna) was the first Queen consort of Rudolph I of Germany.
The founder of the great house of Habsburg was invested with the duchies of Austria and Styria, together with his brother Rudolph II, in 1282. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The Duchy of Styria (Herzogtum Steiermark Vojvodina Štajerska Stájerország was a duchy located in modern-day southern Austria and northern Slovenia. Duke Rudolph II of Austria, titular Duke of Swabia (1270&ndash May 10, 1290) was the younger son of Rudolph of Habsburg, from 1273 In 1283 his father entrusted him with their sole government, and he appears to have ruled them with conspicuous success. Rudolph I was unable to secure the succession to the German throne for his son, and on his death in 1291, the princes, fearing Albert's power, chose Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg as king. Adolf or Adolph (c 1255 &ndash 2 July 1298 was the King of Germany from 1292 until 1298 A rising among his Swabian dependents compelled Albert to recognize the sovereignty of his rival, and to confine himself for a time to the government of the Habsburg territories. Swabia, Suabia, or Svebia ( German: Schwaben, Schwabenland or Ländle) is both a historic and linguistic
He did not abandon his hopes of the throne, however, which were eventually realised. In 1298, he was chosen German king by some of the princes, who were dissatisfied with Adolf. The armies of the rival kings met at the Battle of Göllheim near Worms, where Adolf was defeated and slain. The Battle of Göllheim was fought on July 2, 1298 between Albert I of Habsburg and Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg. Worms (voɐms is a City in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, on the Rhine River Submitting to a new election but securing the support of several influential princes by making extensive promises, he was chosen at Frankfurt on the July 27, 1298, and crowned at Aachen on August 24. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. ( Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French, Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River
Albert married Elizabeth, daughter of Meinhard II, count of Gorizia and Tyrol, who was a descendant of the Babenberg margraves of Austria who predated the Habsburgs' rule. Meinhard II (c 1238 - end of October 1295 was Count of Tirol, Duke of Carinthia and Carniola, and Count of Gorizia (as Meinhard Gorizia (Gurize Gorica Görz is a town in northeastern Italy, at the foot of the Alps and bordering Slovenia. Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East The baptismal name Leopold, patron saint margrave of Austria, was given to one of their sons. Saint Leopold III (1073 &ndash November 15, 1136) was the Margrave of Austria in 1095-1136 Elisabeth was in fact better connected to mighty German rulers than her husband: a descendant of earlier kings, for example Emperor Henry IV, she was also a niece of dukes of Bavaria, Austria's important neighbors. Henry IV ( November 11, 1050 &ndash August 7, 1106) was King of Germany from 1056 and Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 until
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Elisabeth bore him seven sons, including Rudolph III of Austria, Frederick I of Austria, Leopold I of Austria, Otto of Austria and Albert II of Austria, and five daughters. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in Since the Holy Roman Empire was big old and very divided internally it had many coats Rudolf I of Habsburg ( Czech: Rudolf I Habsburský; 1281 – 3/ 4 July 1307, Horažďovice in Bohemia was King of Bohemia Leopold I ( August 4, 1290 - February 28, 1326) was a Duke of Austria and Styria from the Habsburg family Otto IV the Merry ( July 23, 1301 - February 17, 1339) was a Duke of Austria and the youngest son of Albert I of Germany Albert II of Austria ( December 12, 1298 &ndash August 16, 1358, known as the Wise or the Lame) was Duke of Austria Although a hard, stern man, Albert had a keen sense of justice when his own interests were not involved, and few of the German kings possessed so practical an intelligence. He encouraged the cities, and not content with issuing proclamations against private war, formed alliances with the princes in order to enforce his decrees. The serfs, whose wrongs seldom attracted notice in an age indifferent to the claims of common humanity, found a friend in this severe monarch, and he protected even the despised and persecuted Jews. Stories of his cruelty and oppression in the Swiss cantons did not appear until the 16th century, and are now regarded as legendary. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation
Albert sought to play an important part in European affairs. He seemed at first inclined to press a quarrel with France over the Burgundian frontier, but the refusal of Pope Boniface VIII to recognize his election led him to change his policy, and, in 1299, he made a treaty with Philip IV of France, by which his son Rudolph was to marry Blanche, a daughter of the French king. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Burgundy (Bourgogne Burgund is a region historically situated in modern-day France and Switzerland, inhabited in turn by Celts ( Gauls) Pope Boniface VIII (c 1235 &ndash October 11, 1303) born Benedetto Caetani, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1294 He afterwards became estranged from Philip, but in 1303, Boniface recognized him as German king and future emperor; in return, Albert recognized the authority of the pope alone to bestow the imperial crown, and promised that none of his sons should be elected German king without papal consent.
Albert had failed in his attempt to seize Holland and Zeeland, as vacant fiefs of the Empire, on the death of Count John I in 1299, but in 1306 he secured the crown of Bohemia for his son Rudolph on the death of King Wenceslaus III. Holland is a region in the western part of the Netherlands. A maritime and economic power in the 17th century Holland today consists of the Dutch provinces of Zeeland ( also called Zealand in English and Zeelandic, is a province of the Netherlands. Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the Rudolf I of Habsburg ( Czech: Rudolf I Habsburský; 1281 – 3/ 4 July 1307, Horažďovice in Bohemia was King of Bohemia Wenceslaus III Premyslid ( Czech and Slovak Václav, German: Wenzel III, Hungarian Vencel, Polish He also renewed the claim made by his predecessor, Adolf, on Thuringia, and interfered in a quarrel over the succession to the Hungarian throne. The Free State of Thuringia (Freistaat Thüringen is located in central Germany. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic His attack on Thuringia ended in his defeat at Lucka in 1307 and, in the same year, the death of his son Rudolph weakened his position in eastern Europe. Lucka is a town in the Thuringian Landkreis of Altenburger Land. His action in abolishing all tolls established on the Rhine since 1250, led the Rhenish archbishops and the count palatine of the Rhine to form a league against him. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Aided by the towns, however, he soon crushed the rising.
He was on the way to suppress a revolt in Swabia when he was murdered on May 1, 1308, at Windisch on the Reuss River, by his nephew Johann Parricida, afterwards called "the Parricide," whom he had deprived of his inheritance. The Suebi or Suevi (from Proto-Germanic * swēbaz based on the Proto-Germanic root * swē- meaning "one's own" Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Windisch is a municipality in the district of Brugg in the canton of Aargau in Switzerland. The Reuss is a River in Switzerland. With a length of and a Drainage basin of, it is the fourth largest river in Switzerland (after John Parricida, or John the Parricide or Johann Parricida, also called John of Swabi (born ca
Family and children
He was married Vienna 20 December 1274 Elisabeth of Tirol, daughter of Count Meinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Their children were:
- Rudolph III (ca. Rudolf I of Habsburg ( Czech: Rudolf I Habsburský; 1281 – 3/ 4 July 1307, Horažďovice in Bohemia was King of Bohemia 1282–4 July 1307, Horazdiowitz), Married but line extinct and predeceased his father. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples
- Frederick I (King Frederick III of Germany and Duke Frederick III of Austria) (1289–13 January 1330, Gutenstein). Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Married but line extinct.
- Leopold I (4 August 1290–28 February 1326, Strassburg). Leopold I ( August 4, 1290 - February 28, 1326) was a Duke of Austria and Styria from the Habsburg family Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Strasbourg (Strasbourg stʁazbuʁ Alsatian: Strossburi,; Straßburg) is the capital and principal City of the Alsace région Married but line extinct.
- Albrecht II (12 December 1298, Vienna–20 July 1358, Vienna). Albert II of Austria ( December 12, 1298 &ndash August 16, 1358, known as the Wise or the Lame) was Duke of Austria Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold
- Heinrich (1299–3 February 1327, Bruck an der Mur). Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Bruck an der Mur is a City in the Austrian state of Styria. It is located at the confluence of the Mur and Mürz Rivers Married but line extinct.
- Meinhard, 1300 died young.
- Otto (23 July 1301, Vienna–26 February 1339, Vienna). Otto IV the Merry ( July 23, 1301 - February 17, 1339) was a Duke of Austria and the youngest son of Albert I of Germany Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Married but line extinct.
- Anna (1275/1280, Vienna–19 March 1327, Breslau), married:
- in Graz ca. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Wrocław (Breslau Vratislav Vratislavia or Wratislavia Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief City of the historical region of Lower Silesia Graz (etymologically from Slovene: Gradec IPA /gradeʦ/ "little castle" with a population of around 290000 as of 2008 (of which 252852 have principal 1295 to Margrave Hermann of Brandenburg;
- in Breslau 1310 to Duke Heinrich VI of Breslau. Wrocław (Breslau Vratislav Vratislavia or Wratislavia Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief City of the historical region of Lower Silesia
- Agnes (18 May 1281–10 June 1364, Königsfelden), married in Vienna 13 February 1296 King Andrew III of Hungary. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Andrew III the Venetian (III (Velencei András/Endre Andrija II Ondrej III (c
- Elisabeth (d. 19 May 1353), married 1304 Frederick IV, Duke of Lorraine. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Frederick IV (Ferry ( 15 April 1282, Gondreville &ndash 23 August 1329, in Paris) called the Fighter, was
- Katharina (1295–18 January 1323, Naples), married 1316 Charles, Duke of Calabria. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Charles Duke of Calabria (1298 – November 9, 1328) was the son of King Robert of Naples and Yolanda of Aragon
- Jutta (d. 1329), married in Baden 26 March 1319 Count Ludwig VI of Öttingen. Baden is a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor.
See also
- Kings of Germany family tree. The following image is a Family tree of every king monarch confederation president and emperor of Germany, from Louis the German in 843 through to He was related to every other king of Germany.
References
- McCrackan, William Denison. The Rise of the Swiss Republic. A History. 8th ed. , Boston, Mass: Arena Pub. Co, 1892. googlebooks.com Accessed November 17, 2007
- Chisholm, Hugh. The Encyclopædia Britannica; A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information. 11th ed. , Cambridge, Eng: At the University Press, 1910. googlebooks.com Accessed November 17, 2007
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
| Preceded by Adolf of Nassau-Weilburg |
King of Germany (formally King of the Romans 1298-1308 |
Succeeded by Henry VII |
| Margrave of Meißen 1298–1307 |
Succeeded by Friedrich II |
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| Preceded by King Rudolph I |
Duke of Austria and Styria with Rudolph II (1282-1283), Rudolph III (1298-1307) 1282-1308 |
Succeeded by Frederick III the Handsome & Leopold I |
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