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For other uses of "Albany", see Albany.
City of Albany, New York
Downtown Albany as seen from the Corning Tower.
Downtown Albany as seen from the Corning Tower.
Motto: Assiduity
Location in Albany County and the State of New York
Location in Albany County and the State of New York
City of Albany, New York (New York)
City of Albany, New York
City of Albany, New York
Location within the state of New York
Coordinates: 42°39′35″N 73°46′53″W / 42.65972, -73.78139
Country United States
State New York
County Albany
Founded 1614
Incorporated July 22, 1686
Government
 - Mayor Gerald D. Jennings (D)
Area
 - City 21. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Albany County is a County located in the US state of New York, generally located in the vicinity of Albany New York, the Capital New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous There are 62 counties in the State of New York. The first twelve counties in New York were created immediately after the British annexation of the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam Albany County is a County located in the US state of New York, generally located in the vicinity of Albany New York, the Capital A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to cities, counties, Towns Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Gerald David "Jerry" Jennings (b 1948 in Albany NY) is the Mayor of Albany New York, United States. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status 8 sq mi (56. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 6 km²)
 - Land 21. To help compare sizes of different geographic regions we list here Areas between 10 km² (1000 Hectares and 100 km² (10000 hectares 4 sq mi (55. 5 km²)
 - Water 0. 5 sq mi (1. 2 km²)  2. 15%
Elevation 200 ft (60 m)
Population (2000)
 - City 95,658
 - Density 5,488. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 1/sq mi (2,118. 4/km²)
 - Metro 1,147,850
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
 - Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
Area code(s) 518
Twin Cities
 - Tula Flag of Russia Russia
 - Nijmegen Flag of the Netherlands Netherlands
 - Quebec City Flag of Canada Canada
 - Verona Flag of Italy Italy
 - Nassau Flag of the Bahamas Bahamas
FIPS code 36-01000
GNIS feature ID 0977310
Website: http://www.albanyny.org/

Albany is the capital of the State of New York and the county seat of Albany County. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during Daylight saving time ( DST The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−4 is the Time offset used in the Atlantic Standard Time Zone in Canada in winter and the North American Eastern Time Zone during A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Area code 518 is a Telephone Area code in eastern Upstate New York. This is a list of " twin towns " or " sister cities " — that is pairs of towns or cities in different countries which have Town twinning arrangements Tula (Ту́ла is an industrial city in the European part of Russia, located 193 km south of Moscow, on the river Upa. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Nijmegen (ˈnɛɪmeɣən) (obsolete spellings Nijmwegen Nymegen Nieumeghen &mdash Nimwegen in local dialect and in German, Nimègue in French The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Verona is a city and provincial capital in Veneto, Northern Italy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Nassau is the Capital, largest city and commercial centre of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas. The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an independent sovereign English -speaking country consisting of two thousand Cays and Federal Information Processing Standards ( FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States Federal government for use by all non-military The Geographic Names Information System ( GNIS) is a database that contains name and locative information about more than two million physical and cultural features located throughout New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous A county seat is a term for an Administrative center for a County, primarily used in the United States. Albany County is a County located in the US state of New York, generally located in the vicinity of Albany New York, the Capital Albany is 136 miles (219 km) north of New York City, and slightly to the south of the confluence of the Mohawk and Hudson Rivers. The City of New York The Mohawk River is a long River in the US state of New York. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami [1] The city has a population of 93,963 (July 2006 est. ). [2]

Albany has close ties with the nearby cities of Troy, Schenectady, and Saratoga Springs, forming a region called the Capital District. Troy is a City in New York, US, and the County seat of Rensselaer County. Schenectady (skəˈnɛktədi Θkahnéhtati in Tuscarora) is a City in Schenectady County, New York, United States Saratoga Springs is a City in Saratoga County, New York, USA. The Capital District (also "Capital Region" is an imprecise regional definition (much like Upstate New York) that generally refers to the four counties surrounding This area makes up the bulk of the Albany-Schenectady-Troy Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) with a population of 850,957, making it the fourth largest urban area in New York State, and the 56th largest MSA in the United States. Table of United States Metropolitan Statistical Areas|Table of United States Core Based Statistical AreasIn the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB has produced

Albany is built on the site of the Dutch Fort Orange and its surrounding community of Beverwyck. Fort Orange (Fort Oranje was the first permanent Dutch settlement in New Netherland. Beverwyck was a fur-trading community north of Fort Orange on the Hudson River in New Netherland that was to become Albany New York when the The English acquired the site from the Dutch in 1664 and renamed it Albany, in honor of James II, Duke of Albany. James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James Duke of Albany is a Peerage title that has occasionally been bestowed on the younger sons in the Scottish, and later the British Royal family, particularly A 1686 document issued by Thomas Dongan granted Albany its official charter. Thomas Dongan, 2nd Earl of Limerick (1634 – December 14, 1715) was a member of Irish Parliament, Royalist military officer during the This date makes Albany the second oldest city in the nation in terms of its date of incorporation, after New Amsterdam. New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam was a 17th-century Dutch colonial settlement that later became New York City.

Contents

History

Albany is the fourth oldest city (behind Santa Fe, St. Augustine, and Hampton, Virginia), and the second oldest state capital (behind Santa Fe) in the United States. Santa Fe ( Navajo: Yootó is the Capital of the state of New Mexico. St Augustine is the County seat of St Johns County, Florida, in the United States. Hampton is an Independent city in Virginia, and therefore not part of any Virginia county The original native settlement in the area was called Penpotawotnot. Albany is the Capital of the State of New York and the County seat of Albany County. Its colonial history began when Englishman Henry Hudson, exploring for the Dutch East India Company on the Halve Maen (or Half Moon), reached the area in 1609. Henry Hudson' (1570 &ndash 1611 was an English Sea explorer and Navigator in the early 17th century The Dutch East India Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC in old-spelling Dutch, literally "United East Indian In 1614, the Dutch company constructed Fort Nassau, its first fur trading post near present-day Albany and left Jacob Eelkens in charge. Fort Nassau (North was a Dutch fort constructed on an island in the Hudson River near present day Albany in 1614. The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal Fur. Jacob Eelkens or Jaques Elekes ( Netherlands) was the first leader of Fort Nassau, built in 1614 on Castle Island near what is now Albany New York Commencement of the fur trade provoked hostility from the French colony in Canada and amongst the native tribes, who vied to control the trade. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page In 1624, Fort Orange was established in the area. Fort Orange (Fort Oranje was the first permanent Dutch settlement in New Netherland. Both forts were named in honor of the Dutch House of Orange-Nassau. The House of Orange-Nassau (in Dutch: Huis van Oranje-Nassau) a branch of the German House of Nassau, has played a central role in the political life Nearby areas were incorporated as the village of Beverwyck in 1652. Beverwyck was a fur-trading community north of Fort Orange on the Hudson River in New Netherland that was to become Albany New York when the

Albany, from Van-Unsselaens Island, by John Howard Hinton (1846)
Albany, from Van-Unsselaens Island, by John Howard Hinton (1846)

When the land was taken by the English in 1664, the name was changed to Albany, in honor of the Duke of York and Albany, who later became King James II of England and James VII of Scotland. John Howard Hinton ( 23 March 1791 &ndash 11 December 1873) was an English Author and Baptist minister England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Duke of Albany was a Scottish title given since 1398, generally to a younger son of the King of Scots. Duke of Albany is a Peerage title that has occasionally been bestowed on the younger sons in the Scottish, and later the British Royal family, particularly The Peerage of Scotland is the division of the British Peerage for those peers created in the Kingdom of Scotland before 1707. The monarch of Scotland was the Head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland. The name is ultimately derived from Alba, the Gaelic name for Scotland. Alba is the Scottish Gaelic name (ˈalˠ̪əpə for Scotland. The Goidelic languages, (also sometimes called particularly in colloquial situations the Gaelic languages or collectively Gaelic) historically formed a Dialect Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Albany was formally chartered as a municipality by Governor Thomas Dongan on July 22, 1686. Thomas Dongan, 2nd Earl of Limerick (1634 – December 14, 1715) was a member of Irish Parliament, Royalist military officer during the Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of The "Dongan Charter"[3] was virtually identical in content to the charter awarded to New York City three months earlier. The City of New York Pieter Schuyler was appointed first mayor of Albany the day the charter was signed. Pieter Schuyler ( September 17, 1657 &ndash February 19, 1724) was the mayor of Albany New York and the head of the Albany Commissioners

New York State Capitol Building, completed in 1899 at a cost of $25 million was the most expensive government building of its time. Three teams of architects labored on it.
New York State Capitol Building, completed in 1899 at a cost of $25 million was the most expensive government building of its time. The New York State Capitol is the state capitol building of the U Three teams of architects labored on it.

In 1754, representatives of seven British North American colonies met in the Albany Congress. The Albany Congress, also known as the Albany Conference, was a meeting of representatives of seven of the British North American colonies in 1754 (specifically Benjamin Franklin of Pennsylvania presented the Albany Plan of Union, the first formal proposal to unite the colonies. Benjamin Franklin ( April 17 1790 was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States of America. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern The Albany Congress, also known as the Albany Conference, was a meeting of representatives of seven of the British North American colonies in 1754 (specifically Although it was never adopted by Parliament, it was an important precursor to the U.S. Constitution. The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. Albany native Philip Livingston was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Philip Livingston ( January 15, 1716 &ndash June 12, 1778) was an American merchant and statesman from New York City. The United States Declaration of Independence is a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4 1776 announcing that the thirteen American colonies then William Alexander, a general in the Revolutionary War, died in Albany in 1783. William Alexander may refer to William Alexander 1st Earl of Stirling (c In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" Several US Navy ships have since been named USS Albany in honor of the City's historical and military importance. Five United States Navy ships have borne the name Albany, after Albany, the capital of New York.

In 1777, the state capital of New York was moved from Kingston to Albany, about 50 miles north. Kingston is a City in Ulster County, New York, United States. The State Capitol building was constructed between 1867 and 1899 and inspired by the Hôtel de Ville (City Hall) in Paris, France. The New York State Capitol is the state capitol building of the U The Hôtel de Ville ( French for " City Hall " in Paris, France, is the building housing the City of Paris's administration Notable architectural features include its "Million Dollar Staircase. "

Albany's location on the Hudson River made it a center of transportation from the outset. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami In 1807, Robert Fulton initiated a steamboat line from New York City to Albany. Robert Fulton ( November 14, 1765 &ndash February 24, 1815) was a U A steamboat or steamship, sometimes called a steamer, is a ship in which the primary method of propulsion is steam power, typically driving a Propeller The City of New York On October 26, 1825 the Erie Canal was completed, forming a continuous water route from the Great Lakes to New York City. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Erie Canal is a popular canal in New York state from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, approximately 360 miles connecting the Great Lakes The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border. The Mohawk and Hudson Railroad between Albany and Schenectady, New York opened on September 24, 1831 and subsequently became part of the New York Central Railroad. The Mohawk and Hudson Railroad was the first railroad built in the State of New York and one of the First railroads in the United States. Schenectady (skəˈnɛktədi Θkahnéhtati in Tuscarora) is a City in Schenectady County, New York, United States Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a The New York Central Railroad, known simply as the New York Central in its publicity was a Railroad operating in the Northeastern United States. Erastus Corning, a noted industrialist and founder of the New York Central, called Albany home and served as its mayor from 1834 to 1837. Erastus Corning I ( December 14 1794 &ndash April 9 1872) American businessman and politician was born in Norwich Connecticut. The New York Central Railroad, known simply as the New York Central in its publicity was a Railroad operating in the Northeastern United States. His great-grandson, Erastus Corning II, served as mayor of Albany from 1942 until 1983, the longest single mayoral term of any major city in the United States. Erastus Corning 2nd ( October 7, 1909 - May 28, 1983) was a Mayor of Albany New York.

The Empire State Plaza
The Empire State Plaza

Between 1965 and 1978, the Empire State Plaza was constructed in Albany's Midtown, west of Downtown and south of the Capitol building. The Governor Nelson A Rockefeller Empire State Plaza (commonly known as simply the Empire State Plaza and less formally as The South Mall The Governor Nelson A Rockefeller Empire State Plaza (commonly known as simply the Empire State Plaza and less formally as The South Mall It was, and remains, controversial, in large part because it required the demolition of several historical neighborhoods and the forced removal of Jewish, Italian, Black, and Latino inhabitants. The Plaza was conceived by Governor Nelson Rockefeller and is now named in his honor. Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller ( July 8, 1908 January 26, 1979) was the forty-first Vice President of the United States, the forty-ninth The Erastus Corning Tower stands 589 feet (180 meters) high and is the tallest building in New York State outside New York City. The Erastus Corning Tower, also known as the Mayor Erastus Corning 2nd Tower or simply the Corning Tower, is a skyscraper located in downtown Albany, Four other smaller towers, the Legislative Office Building, the Cultural Education Center (which houses the State Library and Museum), the Justice Building, and the impressive performing arts center known as "The Egg" make up the rest of the Empire State Plaza. The Cultural Education Center is attached to the south side of the Empire State Plaza in Albany New York. The New York State Library is part of the New York State Education Department. The New York State Museum is a research-backed institution in Albany New York. The Egg is a performing arts venue in Albany New York resembling an egg. The design of the Empire State Plaza is based loosely on the National Congress complex in the Brazilian capital of Brasilia. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Brasília (bɾaˈziliɐ is the Capital of Brazil. The city and its District are located in the Central-West region of the country along a Plateau

A number of north-south streets in Albany are named after birds (for instance, lark, dove, hawk, eagle, partridge, swan, etc. Larks are Passerine Birds of the family Alaudidae. All species occur in the Old World, including northern and eastern Australia The term hawk can be used in several ways In strict usage in Europe and Asia, to mean any of the Species in the Subfamily Eagles are large birds of prey which are members of the Bird order Falconiformes and family Accipitridae, and belong to several genera Partridges are Birds in the Pheasant family Phasianidae. They are a non-migratory Old World group Swans are Birds of the family Anatidae, which also includes geese and Ducks Swans are grouped with the closely related geese in ) At one point the east-west streets were named for animals, for instance- Lion (Washington Ave. ), Fox (Sheridan Ave,), Deer (State Street west of Eagle), Wolf (Madison Ave. ); the only ones to keep their animal names are Elk Street in the Sheridan Hollow neighborhood and Beaver Street downtown.

Modern day Albany consists of many neighborhoods with different characteristics.

Main article: Neighborhoods of Albany, New York

Civil Rights Movement

The Brothers group was organized by Leon Van Dyke, a civil rights activist who tended to the needs of Black communities. The city of Albany New York, consists of many neighborhoods with different characters Publishing The Liberator, a local newspaper, from 1967-1972, the Brothers were active before and during the Black Panther Party's Albany chapter was active. The Black Panther Party (originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was a Marxist / Maoist African-American organization established Both groups shared offices on the same street. The Black Panther Party opened a chapter on 170 North Diamond on November 10, 1969. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Party emphasized a free children's breakfast program, lead poisoning testing, as well as free clinics, clothing and food drives for all poor communities. The Black Panther Party was active in Albany from 1969 through 1971 and influenced city officials to adopt all of its survival programs after noting its success within the community. [4]

Economy

The economy is heavily dependent on the state government, with much of Albany's population being employed by various state departments and legislators. Another top employer is Golub Corporation, the family-owned operator of Price Chopper supermarkets, which is headquartered in nearby Rotterdam, New York. Rotterdam New York may refer to Rotterdam (town New York Rotterdam (CDP New York

Albany is increasingly seen as a leader in nanotechnology, with the University at Albany's nanotechnology program leading the nation. Nanotechnology, sometimes shortened to nanotech, refers to a field of Applied science whose theme is the control of matter on an Atomic and Molecular The city is at the center of a 19-county region in eastern New York state branded as "Tech Valley" for the growing number of companies, entrepreneurs and research facilities focusing on high-tech industries such as geographical information, nanotechnology, biotechnology, homeland security, information technology, alternative energy. Nanotechnology, sometimes shortened to nanotech, refers to a field of Applied science whose theme is the control of matter on an Atomic and Molecular Biotechnology is Technology based on Biology, especially when used in Agriculture, Food science, and Medicine. The term homeland security refers to the broad national effort by all levels of government to protect its territory from hazards both internal and external natural and man-made Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support Alternative energy is typically defined as coming from sources that do not deplete natural resources or harm.

Geography

The Albany skyline as viewed from across the Hudson River
The Albany skyline as viewed from across the Hudson River

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 21. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 8 sq mi (56. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 6 km²). Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 21. 4 sq mi (55. 5 km²) of it is land and 0. 5 sq mi (1. 2 km²) of it (2. 15%) is water. The Pine Bush, located on the far edge of the city with Guilderland and Colonie is the only sizable inland pine barrens and sand dunes in the United States and home to many endangered species including the Karner Blue butterfly. This article is about the rare inland pine barrens in New York State 's Capital District. Guilderland is a town in Albany County, New York, United States. Colonie is a Town in Albany County, New York, United States (ˌkɒləˈniː Pine barrens, also known as "pine plains" "sand plains" "pinelands" "pine bush" and "pitch pine-scrub oak barrens" occur throughout In physical Geography, a dune is a Hill of Sand built by Aeolian processes. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Karner Blue, Lycaeides melissa samuelis, is a small blue Butterfly found in small areas of New Jersey, the Great Lakes region Four lakes exist within city limits, including Buckingham Lake, Rensselaer Lake, Tivoli Lake, and Washington Park Lake. Buckingham Lake, commonly referred to as Buckingham Pond or Rafts Pond, is a body of water located in a residential area of Albany New York. Rensselaer Lake is a body of water in Albany New York, United States Tivoli Lake is a body of water in Albany New York. It has a surface area of and a mean depth of. Washington Park Lake is a body of water in Albany New York located inside Washington Park.

Climate

Albany has a humid continental climate, with cold, snowy winters, and hot, wet summers. The humid continental climate is a Climate found over large areas of land masses in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between Snowfall is significant, with annually about 63 inches, but much less than the lake-effect areas to the north and west. Albany is far enough from Lake Ontario to avoid significant lake-effect snows, but does receive some. Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. Albany is close enough to the coast to receive heavy snow from Nor'Easters, and the city gets the bulk of its yearly snowfall from these types of storms. Winters are often very cold, with temperatures occasionally dropping below 0 °F (-18 °C). Summers in Albany can contain stretches of excessive heat and humidity, with temperatures above 90 F and dew points near 70. Severe thunderstorms are common, as the city is located in a conducive area for severe weather near the Mohawk Valley. Tornadoes are rare but not unheard of. A tornado is a violent rotating column of air which is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a Cumulonimbus cloud or in rare cases the base of a Cumulus

Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Rec High °F (°C) 65 (18. 3) 68 (20) 89 (31. 7) 92 (33. 3) 94 (34. 4) 99 (37. 2) 100 (37. 8) 99 (37. 2) 100 (37. 8 89 (31. 7) 82 (27. 8) 71 (21. 7)
Norm High °F (°C) 31. 1 (-. 5) 34. 3 (1. 3) 44. 5 (6. 9) 57. 3 (14. 1) 69. 8 (21) 77. 5 (25. 3) 82. 2 (27. 9) 79. 7 (26. 5) 71. 3 (21. 8) 59. 7 (15. 4) 47. 5 (8. 6) 36 (2. 2)
Norm Low °F (°C) 13. 3 (-10. 4) 15. 7 (-9. 1) 25. 4 (-3. 7) 35. 9 (2. 2) 46. 5 (8. 1) 55 (12. 8) 60 (15. 6) 58. 3 (14. 6) 49. 9 (9. 7) 38. 8 (3. 8) 30. 8 (-0. 7) 20. 1 (-6. 6)
Rec Low °F (°C) -28 (-33. 3) -21 (-29. 4) -21 (-29. 4) 10 (-12. 2) 26 (-3. 3) 36 (2. 2) 40 (4. 4) 34 (1. 1) 24 (-4. 4) 16 (-8. 9) 5 (-15) -22 (-30)
Precip inch (mm) 2. 71 (68. 8) 2. 27 (57. 7) 3. 17 (80. 5) 3. 25 (82. 6) 3. 67 (93. 2) 3. 74 (95. 0) 3. 5 (88. 9) 3. 68 (93. 5) 3. 31 (84. 1) 3. 23 (82. 0) 3. 31 (84. 1) 2. 76 (70. 1)
Source: USTravelWeather. com [1]

Demographics

As of the census[5] of 2000, there were 95,658 people, 40,709 households, and 18,400 families residing in the city. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The population density was 4,474. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 6/sq mi (1,727. 5/km²). There were 45,288 housing units at an average density of 2,118. 4/sq mi (817. 9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 63. 12% White, 28. 14% Black or African American, 0. 31% Native American, 3. 26% Asian, 0. 04% Pacific Islander, 2. 15% from other races, and 2. 98% from two or more races. 5. 59% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Hispanic and Latino Americans are Americans of Hispanic or Latino descent, which comprises ancestry or origins in Hispanic America Ancestries include: Irish (18. Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánach are citizens of the United States who can claim ancestry originating in Ireland. 1%), Italian (12. An Italian American is an American of Italian descent and/or dual citizenship 4%), German (10. German Americans ( German: Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States of Ethnic German ancestry 4%), English (5. English Americans (occasionally known as Anglo -Americans although this may have a wider cultural meaning are Citizens of the United States whose ancestry 2%), and Polish (4. A Polish American is an American citizen of Polish descent There are an estimated 10 million Americans of Polish descent 3%). [2]

There were 40,709 households out of which 22. 0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25. 3% were married couples living together, 16. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** 1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 54. 8% were non-families. 41. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 11. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 11 and the average family size was 2. 95. The median home value in Albany, NY, is $217,100. Home appreciation is 12. 70% over the last year. The median age of Albany, NY, real estate is 63 years. [6]

In the city the population was spread out with 20. 0% under the age of 18, 19. 3% from 18 to 24, 29. 2% from 25 to 44, 18. 1% from 45 to 64, and 13. 4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 90. 6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86. 5 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $33,375,[7] and the median income for a family was $39,932. Males had a median income of $31,535 versus $27,112 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,340. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country About 16. 0% of families and 21. 7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 8% of those under age 18 and 12. 5% of those age 65 or over.

Culture

Nightlife and entertainment

The Egg, a performing arts center in the Empire State Plaza, is a major cultural attraction in Albany.
The Egg, a performing arts center in the Empire State Plaza, is a major cultural attraction in Albany. The Egg is a performing arts venue in Albany New York resembling an egg. The Governor Nelson A Rockefeller Empire State Plaza (commonly known as simply the Empire State Plaza and less formally as The South Mall

Albany's geographic situation as a "Crossroads City" (roughly equidistant between New York, Montreal, Buffalo and Boston) makes it a convenient stop for nationally touring artists and acts. The City of New York Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Buffalo (ˈbʌfəloʊ is the second largest city in New York State. The Palace Theatre and The Egg provide mid-sized forums for music, theater and spoken word performances. The Palace Theatre is an entertainment venue in downtown Albany New York. The Egg is a performing arts venue in Albany New York resembling an egg. The Times Union Center, previously the Knickerbocker Arena ("The Knick") or more recently The Pepsi Arena ("The Pepsi"), serves as the city's largest musical venue for nationally and internationally prominent bands, as well as trade shows, sporting events and other large-scale community gatherings. "Pepsi Arena" redirects here For the arenas in Denver see Pepsi Center; Quebec City see Colisée Pepsi; Indianapolis see Pepsi Coliseum The New York State Museum is a major cultural draw in Albany, focusing on fine arts, natural history, and New York's economic, political and social histories. The New York State Museum is a research-backed institution in Albany New York.

In recent years, the city's government has invested marketing and financial resources to cultivate venues and neighborhoods that can attract after-hours business, as well as public art installations. Pearl Street, Broadway and Lark Street now serve as the most commercially active entertainment areas in the City. Lark Street is a historic street in Albany, New York. It is part of the "Center Square" and "Hudson Park" neighborhoods and is located one block Lark Street is most closely identified with the City's contemporary cultural identity, and is often noted as being "Albany's Greenwich Village". Greenwich Village (ˌgrɛnɪtʃ ˈvɪlɪdʒ often simply called the Village, is a largely residential area on the west side of downtown (southern Manhattan Technically the westernmost border of the Center Square neighborhood and located one block east of Washington Park, Lark Street is home of many independent shops, coffee houses, restaurants, art galleries, antique shops, bars, and a tattoo parlor. Although the Southeastern most strip was rebuilt in 2002-2003 to place new roadways, trees, and sidewalks in front of the new shops in the active portion of Lark Street, some local residents have protested the neglect of the northwestern side of the street (crossing west of Central Avenue), which runs down into the less-affluent Arbor Hill neighborhood.

Summer concert series are sponsored by the City and local businesses at the Corning Preserve, Riverfront Park, Washington Park, Tricentennial Square and the Empire State Plaza. The Governor Nelson A Rockefeller Empire State Plaza (commonly known as simply the Empire State Plaza and less formally as The South Mall Metroland, the alternative newsweekly of the Capital Region, generally provides a focal point for previewing, reviewing and interviewing local artists and performers, as well as traveling events that pass through Albany.

Last call is at 4:00 AM in Albany, unlike the earlier 2:00 AM in most areas of the nation. This is often attributed to the historically high density of industrial facilities and the demand of second and third shift patrons. New York law allows bars to be open until 4:00 AM (However, local municipalities can override it to an earlier time. ) This law was designed to accommodate the thriving late nightlife of New York City, but Albany has adopted it as well.

Festivals

Artistic community

The Albany Institute of History & Art
The Albany Institute of History & Art

Albany possesses an active artistic community and culture that is often regenerated by students at the region's colleges and universities, the region's many nonprofit cultural organizations, and by former residents of regional megalopolii such as Boston and New York relocating to take advantage of Albany's affordable, historic housing and commercial spaces. The Albany Institute of History & Art (AIHA is a Museum in Albany New York "dedicated to collecting preserving interpreting and promoting interest in the The Albany Symphony Orchestra, Capital Repertory Theatre [3], Albany Institute of History & Art and Palace Theatre provide outlets for locally composed, created and curated works, as well as traveling exhibitions and shows. The Albany Symphony Orchestra (ASO is a professional Symphony orchestra based in Albany New York. The Albany Institute of History & Art (AIHA is a Museum in Albany New York "dedicated to collecting preserving interpreting and promoting interest in the The Palace Theatre is an entertainment venue in downtown Albany New York. There are several small, private art galleries and antiquarian book shops in Albany, mainly clustered around Lark Street between Washington Avenue and Madison Avenue. Lark Street is a historic street in Albany, New York. It is part of the "Center Square" and "Hudson Park" neighborhoods and is located one block Also on Lark Street there is the annual Art on Lark, an outdoor sidewalk gallery featuring artists exhibiting and demonstrating their original work. This annual Sidewalk Art Show and Sale celebrates local artists and musicians. [8] Albany also has two independent film theaters (the Spectrum 8 and The Madison[4]), as well as performing and fine arts venues associated with the University at Albany and College of St. Rose. The University at Albany State University of New York, commonly known as the University at Albany is a Public university located in the capital of New Saint Rose in Brief Academics - 63 Undergraduate Programs 45 Graduate Programs 6 combined bachelor's/master's - can be completed

Albany is home to a large and important collection of modern art. The Empire State Plaza Art Collection, which belongs to the public of New York State, includes works by Alexander Calder, Robert Motherwell and Jackson Pollock. Alexander Calder (22 July 1898 – 11 November 1976 also known as Sandy Calder, was an American sculptor and Artist most famous for inventing Robert Motherwell ( January 24, 1915 – July 16, 1991) was an American abstract expressionist painter and Paul Jackson Pollock (January 28 1912 &ndash August 11 1956 was an influential American painter and a major force in the abstract expressionist movement The emphasis of the collection is abstract work by New York artists from the 1960s and 1970s, including representative artists from the Abstract Expressionist, Color Field and Lyrical Abstraction movements. Abstract expressionism was an American post– World War II Art movement. In Quantum mechanics, color field is a whimsical name for some of the properties of Quarks Color Field painting is an abstract style that See also Tachisme, Art Informel, School of Paris, Lyrical Abstraction refers to two related but distinctly separate movements in Post-war Glenn Lowry, director of the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, has called the collection "the most important State collection of modern art in the country. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street between Fifth "[9]

Notable residents

Philip Livingston
Philip Livingston

Government and politics

Albany City Hall was completed in 1883.
Albany City Hall was completed in 1883. Albany City Hall is the seat of government of Albany New York.
Main article: List of Mayors of Albany, New York

From Albany's formal organization in 1686 until 1779, mayors of Albany were appointed by the royal governor of New York, per the provisions of the original City Charter. From its formal chartering on 1686-07-22 until 1779 the Mayors of Albany New York were appointed by the royal governor of New York, per the provisions From 1779 until 1839, mayors were chosen by the New York State's Council of Appointment, typically for a one year term that began in September. From 1777 to 1822 there existed in the state of New York a Council of Appointment. After 1840, Albany's mayors were directly elected by the city's residents. Albany has had 74 mayors since its inception. Gerald D. Jennings is the current Democratic mayor; he was first elected in 1993 and is currently serving in his fourth term of office. Gerald David "Jerry" Jennings (b 1948 in Albany NY) is the Mayor of Albany New York, United States. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. He is a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition[10], a bi-partisan group with a stated goal of "making the public safer by getting illegal guns off the streets. The Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition is a coalition of Mayors from 225 different United States cities, with a stated goal of "making the public safer In a Two-party system (such as in the United States) bipartisan refers to any bill, act, resolution, or any other action of a " The Coalition is co-chaired by Boston Mayor Thomas Menino and New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg. Thomas Michael Menino (born December 27, 1942) is the mayor of Boston Massachusetts, United States and the city's first The City of New York Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born February 14, 1942) is an American businessman and the Mayor of New York City.

No Republican has been elected since 1921. 60. 68% of the people in Albany are registered as Democrats. 37. 28% are registered Republican. The remaining 2. 04% are independent. [11]

Albany has been dominated by the Democratic Party since the 1920s, although the local branch was more moderate than the national party, being made up of mainly working-class Catholic families. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Daniel P. O'Connell established a political machine in the city with the election of William Stormont Hackett in 1922. Daniel Patrick O'Connell ( November 13 1885 - February 28 1977) was the leader of the Democratic Party Political machine in A political machine is an unofficial system of a political organization based on Patronage, the Spoils system, "behind-the-scenes" control and longstanding O'Connell's operation survived well into the 1980s, as the machine put forth candidates which the electorate dutifully voted for. Mayor Gerald D. Jennings' shocking upset in the 1993 Democratic mayoral primary over Harold Joyce, who had the Democratic Party’s formal endorsement and had only recently been its chairman, is often cited as the end of the O'Connell machine era in Albany. More recently, David Soares' 2004 election as District Attorney has similarly been seen as a breaking of the mold, as Soares was not the favored candidate of the local Democratic Party. P David Soares (born October 26, 1969, Brava Cape Verde) is the current Albany County District Attorney. Although its founding base Catholics have shifted toward the Republican Party in recent decades, Albany continues to be dominated by the Democratic party.

Architecture

The Erastus Corning Tower flanked by The Egg. Both are part of the Empire State Plaza
The Erastus Corning Tower flanked by The Egg. The Erastus Corning Tower, also known as the Mayor Erastus Corning 2nd Tower or simply the Corning Tower, is a skyscraper located in downtown Albany, The Egg is a performing arts venue in Albany New York resembling an egg. Both are part of the Empire State Plaza
The New York State Capitol viewed from the east, with the Alfred E. Smith Building in the background
The New York State Capitol viewed from the east, with the Alfred E. Smith Building in the background


Recreational areas

A sunset over Buckingham Lake
A sunset over Buckingham Lake
Winter in Washington Park
Winter in Washington Park

Education

Albany High School
Albany High School

The Albany City School District enrolls about 10,000 students. Albany High School ( AHS) in Albany, New York is a public High school which had an enrollment of 2659 in 2006 The Albany City School District (also known as the City School District of Albany) is the public School district of Albany, New York. It includes Albany High School, the city's public high school. Albany High School ( AHS) in Albany, New York is a public High school which had an enrollment of 2659 in 2006 The district also includes the Abrookin Vo-Tech Center High School and Harriet Gibbons High School for 9th Graders. [16] The district also has 11 elementary schools and 3 middle schools. Albany public schools spend $9,227 per student. The average school expenditure in the U. S. is $6,058. There are about 13. 7 students per teacher in Albany. [17] The city is also home to six charter schools,[18] with three more planned in the coming years. Charter schools are elementary or secondary schools in the United States that receive public money but

Further information: list of high schools

Media

Main article: Media in Albany, New York

The Albany Times Union is Albany's primary daily paper and the only one based close to the City; its headquarters have been located in nearby Colonie since the 1970s after a dispute over land needed for expansion with then-Mayor Erastus Corning 2nd. For schools located in New York City ( Bronx, Kings, New York, Queens, and Richmond counties refer to List of high This is a list of media of Albany, New York and the Capital District of New York State Print Daily The Times Union is a daily Newspaper, serving the Capital Region of New York state, United States. Colonie is a Town in Albany County, New York, United States (ˌkɒləˈniː Erastus Corning 2nd ( October 7, 1909 - May 28, 1983) was a Mayor of Albany New York. The newspaper celebrated its 150th year of publishing in 2006. Serving Albany to a lesser degree are the Daily Gazette (which focuses primarily on Schenectady) and Troy Record. The Daily Gazette is an independently-owned daily newspaper based in Schenectady, New York. The Record (also known as The Troy Record) is a Tabloid -style daily newspaper published in Troy, New York. Metroland is the most notable alternative newsweekly in the area, publishing each Thursday, while The Business Review (nee Capital District Business Review) is a business weekly published each Friday. Metroland is an alternative Newspaper that is published weekly in Albany New York and mainly serves the Capital District area

Downtown Albany viewed from across the Hudson River
Downtown Albany viewed from across the Hudson River

In terms of broadcast media, Albany is considered a medium market (Arbitron market 64 in radio, Nielsen market 55 in television); the market, however, has several traits that set it apart. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami Arbitron ( is a Radio audience research company in the United States which collects listener data on radio audiences similar to that collected by Nielsen Media Nielsen 'nelsn is a Danish Patronymic Surname, literally meaning son of Niels, Niels being the Danish version of the Greek The pioneering influence of General Electric in nearby Schenectady directly contributed to the area emerging as the birthplace of station-based television (WRGB) and one of the earliest FM radio stations (today's WRVE), in addition to a powerful 50,000 watt AM station (WGY). WRGB, channel 6 is the CBS -affiliated Television station for Albany New York, licensed to Schenectady. WRVE (995 The River is a Hot Adult Contemporary radio station licensed to Schenectady New York and serving the Capital District and Upper Hudson WGY is a 50000 Watt Radio station licensed to Schenectady, New York. In addition, in the early 2000s the greater Albany market was considered to have the highest concentration of FM stations east of the Mississippi River.

The Albany Metro area has affiliates of many of the major television networks including WRGB-CBS (the world's first television station), WTEN-ABC, WNYT-NBC, WXXA-FOX, WMHT-PBS,WCWN-CW, WNYA-My Network TV, and WYPX-ION, although it should be noted that the last two are not real stations, only television programming by remote satellite control. WRGB, channel 6 is the CBS -affiliated Television station for Albany New York, licensed to Schenectady. CBS Broadcasting Inc ( CBS) is an American radio and Television network. WTEN is the ABC -affiliated Television station for the Capital District of New York State and western New England. The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's WXXA-TV, channel 23 is the Fox -affiliated Television station for the Capital District of New York State and western New England The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) is a Non-profit Public broadcasting Television service with 354 member TV stations in the WCWN, channel 45 is the CW -affiliated Television station for the Capital District of New York State and western New England The CW Television Network ( The CW) is a Television network in the United States launched at the beginning of the 2006-2007 television season. WNYA is the MyNetworkTV -affiliated Television station for the Capital District of New York State and western New England. MyNetworkTV (unofficially abbreviated MyNet or MNT) is a Television network in the United States, owned by the Fox Broadcasting Company WYPX is a full-service Television station, licensed to Amsterdam New York, as the affiliate of the ION Television (formerly PAX and i network in the Ion Television is a broadcast television network first broadcast on August 31 1998 In addition, the area has a cable-only news channel, Capital News 9, which features local news 24/7. Capital News 9 is a cable -only 24-hour News channel on Time Warner Cable in New York's Capital District. On the radio side, the Capital Region has three News/Talk radio stations, WGY, WROW, and WGDJ on the AM band. WGY is a 50000 Watt Radio station licensed to Schenectady, New York. WROW (590 AM, "AM 590 WROW" is a Radio station broadcasting to Albany New York, with its tower in Glenmont New York. WGDJ (Talk 1300 is an AM Radio station broadcasting on 1300 kHz licensed to Rensselaer New York. Both feature a mixture of local and syndicated programming. There are also 2 Sports Talk stations, WOFX, which features some FOX Sports Radio programming, local programming, and Play-by-Play, and WTMM, an affiliate of ESPN Radio. Fox Sports Radio, abbreviated FSR, is an international radio network consisting of sports talk programming all day every day WTMM ( ESPN Radio 1045 The Team is a Sports radio station licensed to Mechanicville New York and serving New York's Capital Region ESPN Radio is an American sports Radio network. It was launched on January 1, 1992 under the original banner of "SportsRadio In addition, WAMC, aka Northeast Public Radio, is an NPR affiliate which serves the Albany area. WAMC is a public radio station out of Albany New York, broadcasting on the 90 (Information from www. fybush. com and call sign information based on FCC records)

Transportation

Amtrak train at Albany's station
Amtrak train at Albany's station
A line of CDTA buses on State Street
A line of CDTA buses on State Street

Sports

NCAA college athletic programs

Minor league professional teams

Defunct professional teams

Times Union Center

The Times Union Center
The Times Union Center

The Times Union Center, originally the Knickerbocker Arena (1990-1998) and later the Pepsi Arena (1998 - 2006), is a major regional athletic venue located in downtown Albany. "Pepsi Arena" redirects here For the arenas in Denver see Pepsi Center; Quebec City see Colisée Pepsi; Indianapolis see Pepsi Coliseum "Pepsi Arena" redirects here For the arenas in Denver see Pepsi Center; Quebec City see Colisée Pepsi; Indianapolis see Pepsi Coliseum It has a seating capacity of up to 17,500 for sporting events. The Siena College Men's Basketball team plays its home games there, and the Center is also home to the Albany River Rats (AHL) and Albany Conquest (af2). The Albany River Rats are an Ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. The Times Union Center has hosted NCAA Division I hockey and basketball post-season tournaments, among many other sporting events.

In popular culture

Albany and its environs ranked against other cities

Albany as seen from across the Hudson River in Rensselaer County
Albany as seen from across the Hudson River in Rensselaer County

Sister cities

Albany has five sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International. Sister Cities International is a Non-profit organization dedicated to promoting and fostering Town twinning, especially between cities in the United States (SCI):[23]

See also

References

  1. ^ City Data. Nassau is the Capital, largest city and commercial centre of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas. The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an independent sovereign English -speaking country consisting of two thousand Cays and Nijmegen (ˈnɛɪmeɣən) (obsolete spellings Nijmwegen Nymegen Nieumeghen &mdash Nimwegen in local dialect and in German, Nimègue in French The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Tula (Ту́ла is an industrial city in the European part of Russia, located 193 km south of Moscow, on the river Upa. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Verona is a city and provincial capital in Veneto, Northern Italy. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The city of Albany New York, consists of many neighborhoods with different characters The Albany Post Road was a post road - a road used for Mail delivery - in the U Albany City Hall is the seat of government of Albany New York. This is a list of media of Albany, New York and the Capital District of New York State Print Daily From its formal chartering on 1686-07-22 until 1779 the Mayors of Albany New York were appointed by the royal governor of New York, per the provisions Lark Street is a historic street in Albany, New York. It is part of the "Center Square" and "Hudson Park" neighborhoods and is located one block com. "Albany, New York".  
  2. ^ Population Estimates for All Places: 2000 to 2006
  3. ^ The Dongan Charter, New York State Museum
  4. ^ The Brothers
  5. ^ American FactFinder. United States Census Bureau. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census Retrieved on 2008-01-31. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes
  6. ^ Sperling's Best Places: Albany NY real estate resources
  7. ^ Sperling's Best Places: Albany, NY economic resources
  8. ^ a b Albany Special Events (HTML). City of Albany Office of Special Events & Volunteer Services. Retrieved on 2007-04-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of
  9. ^ Lowry, Glenn D. . Introduction to the Collection. New York Office of General Services.
  10. ^ Mayors Against Illegal Guns: Coalition Members.
  11. ^ Sperling's Best Places: Albany NY Voting
  12. ^ a b Washington Park Conservancy in the City of Albany NY
  13. ^ WPNA - Washington Park Neighborhood Association
  14. ^ Frederick Law Olmsted
  15. ^ Lincoln Park
  16. ^ Sperling's Best Places: Albany NY schools
  17. ^ Sperling's Best Places: Albany NY (overview)
  18. ^ Sperlings Best Places: Albany NY Charter Schools
  19. ^ The New York State Education Dept - Information on Albany, New York
  20. ^ State Of Alabama
  21. ^ Paeth, Greg. "Cincinnati among Top 20 at average: N.Y. cities head test market list", The Cincinnati Post, E. W. Scripps Company, 2004-06-03. The Cincinnati Post is a discontinued afternoon daily newspaper that was published in Cincinnati Ohio. The EW Scripps Company ( is an American Media conglomerate founded by Edward W "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Archived from the original on 2007-03-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving  
  22. ^ Forbes: Best U.S> Housing Markets
  23. ^ "Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI). " Retrieved 24 November 2007. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

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