Alba Longa (in Italian sources occasionally written Albalonga) was an ancient city of Latium[1] in central Italy southeast of Rome[2] in the Alban Hills. Latium was a region of ancient Italy, home to the original Latin people. Th Italian Peninsula or Apennine Peninsula (Penisola italiana or Penisola appenninica) is one of the three Peninsulas of Southern Europe Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC The Alban Hills are the site of a quiescent volcanic complex in Italy, located 20 km southeast of Rome and about 24 km north of Founder and head of the Latin League, it was destroyed by Rome around the middle of the 7th century BC. The Latin League (c 7th century BC - 338 BC) was a confederation of about 30 villages and tribes in the region of Latium near Ancient Rome organized for The 7th century BC started the first day of 700 BC and ended the last day of 601 BC.
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Kings of Alba Longa
According to the accounts of Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the kings of Alba Longa gave a direct line of descent between Ascanius and Romulus. Latin kings of Rome, Alban kings of Rome or kings of Alba Longa, series of legendary kings of Latium and Alba Longa who in Roman mythology Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Halicarnassus c 60 BC–after 7 BC was a Greek historian and teacher of Rhetoric, who flourished during the reign of According to Livy we know of two more kings of Alba Longa, outside of this sequence. Titus Livius (traditionally 59 BC &ndash AD 17 known as Livy in English, was a Roman historian who wrote a monumental history of Rome Both reigned during the reign of the Roman king Tullus Hostilius. Tullus Hostilius (r 673 BC &ndash 641 BC was the third of the legendary Kings of Rome. The first of these kings was Gaius Cluilius who died during a war against the Romans. Gaius Cluilius was the king of Alba Longa during the reign of the Roman king Tullus Hostilius in the middle of the seventh century B He was succeeded by Mettius Fufetius who was in turn executed by Tullus Hostilius for treachery. Mettius Fufetius succeeded Gaius Cluilius as king of Alba Longa. Though it is important to note that these are both identified as dictators, not as kings.
Archaeological data and historical interpretation
The location of the ancient Latin city has been much debated since the 16th century. The point of departure is the foundation story in Dionysius of Halicarnassus (I.66 ff.) which speaks of a site between Monte Cavo and the Alban Lake. Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Halicarnassus c 60 BC–after 7 BC was a Greek historian and teacher of Rhetoric, who flourished during the reign of Monte Cavo is the second highest mountain of the complex of the Alban Hills, Italy The site has been at various times identified with the convent of S. Paolo at Palazzola, near Albano, or with Coste Caselle, near Marino, or finally with Castel Gandolfo. Albano Laziale is a commune in the Province of Rome, on the Alban Hills, in Lazio ( Latium) Marino ( Marinum or Castrimoenium in Latin, Marini in local dialect is an Italian City and Comune in Castel Gandolfo is a small Italian town in Lazio that occupies a height overlooking Lake Albano about 30 km south-east of Rome, on the Alban The last of these places in fact occupies the site of Domitian's villa, which ancient sources state in turn occupied the arx of Alba. An Arx was a Roman citadel the term was also used to refer to the northern hump of the two forming the Capitoline Hill of ancient Rome where an arx once stood
Archaeological data available for the Iron Age show the existence of a string of villages, each one with its own necropolis, along the south-western shore of the Alban Lake. When Rome destroyed these villages they must have still been in a pre-urban phase, starting to group around a centre that may well have been Castel Gandolfo, since the necropolis there is significantly larger, suggesting a larger town.
In the later republican period the territory of Alba (the Ager Albanus) was settled once again with many residential villas, which are mentioned in ancient literature and of which remains are extant.
The shrine of Jupiter Latiaris
On the top of the Monte Cavo (Alban Mount) was a very ancient shrine consecrated to Jupiter Latiaris. Monte Cavo is the second highest mountain of the complex of the Alban Hills, Italy Florus (2nd century) states that the site was selected by Ascanius, who, having founded Alba, invited all the Latins to celebrate sacrifices there to Jupiter, a custom which eventually led to the annual celebration there of the Feriae Latinae, at which all the cities that belonged to the Latin Confederation would gather under the aegis of Alba, sacrificing a white bull, the flesh of which was distributed among all the participants. Florus, Roman Historian, lived in the time of Trajan and Hadrian. The 2nd century is the period from 101 to 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. In Roman mythology, Jupiter was the king of the gods and the god of Sky and Thunder.
After Alba Longa was destroyed and her leadership role was assumed by Rome, tradition records the building of a full-scale temple to Jupiter Latiaris on the Alban Mount in the reign of Tarquinius Superbus; of which only a few courses of perimeter wall remain today, now removed off site; and substantial remains of the paved road that connected it to the Via Appia near Aricia. Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (also called Tarquin the Proud or Tarquin II) was the last of the seven Legendary Kings of Rome, son of Tarquinius The Appian Way ( Latin and Italian: Via Appia) was the most important ancient Roman road.
References
- Livy, Ab urbe condita (History of Rome), Book I
- Richard Stillwell, ed. Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, 1976: "Alba Longa (Castel Gandolfo), Latium, Italy"
Notes
- ^ Guralnik, David B. , Editor in Chief. “Alba Longa. ” Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American Language. Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language is an American Dictionary first published in 1951 and presently published by John Wiley & Sons Second College Edition. New York, NY: Prentice Hall Press, 1986. Prentice Hall is a leading educational publisher It is an Imprint of Pearson Education Inc ISBN 0-671-41809-2 (indexed), ISBN 0-671-41807-6 (plain edge), ISBN 0-671-41811-4 (pbk. ), and ISBN 0-671-47035-3 (LeatherKraft).
- ^ Mish, Frederick C. , Editor in Chief. “Alba Longa. ” Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary. Webster's Dictionary is the name given to a common type of English language dictionary in the United States. 9th ed. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc. Merriam-Webster, which was originally the G & C Merriam Company of Springfield Massachusetts, is an American company that publishes reference books , 1985. ISBN 0-87779-508-8, ISBN 0-87779-509-6 (indexed), and ISBN 0-87779-510-X (deluxe).
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