| Alba Iulia | |||
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country |  Romania |
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| County | Alba County | ||
| Status | County capital | ||
| Government | |||
| - Mayor | Mircea Hava (Democratic Party) | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 103. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania List of counties See also List of Romanian Counties by Population The Judeţe (translated in English as "counties" are administrative Alba ('alba Hungarian: Fehér) is a county ( Judeţ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Alba Iulia Romania 's administration is relatively centralised and administrative subdivisions are therefore fairly simplified A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Mircea Hava is a Romanian politician the current mayor of Alba Iulia (in office since 2000) The Democratic Party ( Romanian: Partidul Democrat, PD was a centre-right party of Romania. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 65 km² (40 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2002) | |||
| - Total | 66,369 | ||
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | ||
| Website: http://www.apulum.ro/ | |||
Alba Iulia (Latin: Apulum, German: Karlsburg/Weißenburg, Hungarian: Gyulafehérvár, former Turkish: Erdel Belgradı) is a city in Alba County, Transylvania, Romania with a population of 66,369, located on the Mureş River. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST Eastern European Summer Time ( EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 Time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Alba ('alba Hungarian: Fehér) is a county ( Judeţ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Alba Iulia Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The Mureş ( Romanian) ( Maros, Latin Marisus, Croatian Moriš, German Mieresch Marosch or Muresch, Serbian Мориш The city is historically important for both Romanians and Hungarians . The Romanians (dated Rumanians or Roumanians; Romanian: români or historically and today rather seldom and only regional rumâni Hungarians (or Magyars, magyarok are an Ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary.
Contents |
History
The modern city is located near the site of the important Dacian political, economic and social centre named Apulon (believed by many archaeologists to be the Dacian fortifications on top of Piatra Craivii), mentioned by the ancient Greek geographer Ptolemy. Dacia, in ancient geography was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Hellenes ( Greeks) " Getae " Claudius Ptolemaeus ( Greek: Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; after 83 &ndash ca After the southern part of Dacia became a province of the Roman Empire, the capital of the Dacia Apulensis district was established here, and the city was known as Apulum. Dacia, in ancient geography was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Hellenes ( Greeks) " Getae " The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial [1] Apulum was one of the largest centers in Roman Dacia and the seat of the XIII Gemina Legion. Legio XIII, known after 31 BC as Gemina (the "twin legion" is one of the more historically remarkable Roman legions. For other uses see Legion The Roman Legion (from Latin legio "military levy Conscription,"
In the 9th century, the city was mentioned under the name of Belgrad / Belograd ("White Castle" in Slavic languages), the Hungarian Gestas mention a ruler named Geula/Gyula/Jula that had discovered the city and made it the capital of his dukedom during 10th century. The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Gesta Hungarorum may also refer to Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum, written by Simon of Kéza Following the establishment of the Catholic Transylvanian episcopacy after Stephen I of Hungary adopted Catholicism, the first cathedral was built in the 11th century. Saint Stephen I ( Hungarian: I (Szent István) (967/969/975 Esztergom, Hungary – August 15, 1038, Esztergom-Szentkirály As a Christian Ecclesiastical term Catholic —from the Greek adjective, meaning "general" or "universal"—is described The present (Catholic) cathedral was built in the 12th or 13th centuries. In 1442, John Hunyadi, Voivod of Transylvania, used the citadel to make his preparations for a major battle against the Ottoman Turks. John Hunyadi ( Medieval Latin: Ioannes Corvinus, Hungarian: Hunyadi János, (c A voivode or waywode is a Slavic title that originally denoted the principal commander of a military force The Ottoman Turks were the subdivision of the Ottoman Muslim Millet that dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. The cathedral was enlarged during his reign and served as his place of entombment after his death.
As Gyulafehérvár, Alba Iulia became the capital of the Principality of Transylvania in 1541, a status it was to retain until 1690. The Treaty of Weissenburg was signed in the town in 1551. The Treaty of Weissenburg (Vertrag von Weißenburg or Weißenburger Vertrag) declared Archduke Ferdinand of Austria the ruler of Royal Hungary It was during the reign of Prince Gabriel Bethlen that the city reached a high point in its cultural history, with the establishment of an academy. Gabriel Bethlen (de Iktár (- English, Hungarian: Bethlen Gábor, Romanian: Gabriel Bethlen, German: Gabriel Further important milestones in the city's development include the creation of the Batthyanaeum Library in the 18th century, and the arrival of the railway in the 19th century. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar
In November 1599, Michael the Brave, Voivode of Wallachia, entered Alba Iulia following his victory in the Battle of Şelimbăr and became Voivode of Transylvania. Michael the Brave (Mihai Viteazul Vitéz Mihály 1558 - 9 August 1601) was the Prince of Wallachia (1593-1601 of Transylvania This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania The Battle of Şelimbăr (Sellenberk German: Schellenberg) was one of the great events in medieval Romanian history In 1600 Michael gained control of Moldavia, thereby uniting the three principalities under his rule until his murder in 1601 by Giorgio Basta's agents. Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians Giorgio Basta, Count of Huszt (1544-1607 was a general of Albanian descent employed by the Holy Roman Emperor to command Habsburg forces in the Michael's achievement has historic significance for the Romanians, representing the first unification of the three Romanian-populated principalities of Wallachia, Moldavia, and Transylvania for 3 years.
In 1918, tens of thousands of Romanians (the exact number is disputed between Romanian and Hungarian historians) and representatives of the Transylvanian Saxons and other minorities of Transylvania, gathered in Alba Iulia on December 1, now commemorated as the National Day in the post-communist Romania, to hear the proclamation of the union of Transylvania with the Kingdom of Romania. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Transylvanian Saxons (Siebenbürger Sachsen Erdélyi szászok Saşi are a people of German ethnicity who settled in Transylvania (Siebenbürgen from the 12th Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Union of Transylvania with Romania was declared on. The national holiday of Romania, the Union Day (also called Unification See also Kings of Romania The Kingdom of Roumania (or ' Romania ' in post-1969 and also current spelling was the old Romanian state based on a form of In 1922, Ferdinand of Romania was symbolically crowned King of Romania in Alba Iulia in an act which mirrored the achievement of Michael the Brave. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Ferdinand I ( 24 August 1865 – 20 July 1927) was the King of the Romanians from October 10 1914 until his death See also Kingdom of Romania King of the Roumanians (in Romanian Regele Românilor) rather than King of Romania (in Romanian Regele României
György Jakubinyi was appointed archbishop of the archdiocese of Alba Iulia by Pope John Paul II on April 8, 1994. In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated Bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others this means that they lead In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. Pope Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar)
In September 2007 a meeting of AREV took place in Alba Iulia, in order to comment and refuse the EU Commissions reform project on Wine COM. The Assembly of European Wine-producing Regions or Assemblée des Régions Européennes Viticoles ( AREV) is an organisation of political and trade representatives The current COM is failing to achieve its aim of controlling surpluses, causing structural problems in the European wine market. [2]
Sights
The main historical area of Alba Iulia is the upper city, developed extensively by Charles VI of the Holy Roman Empire. Charles VI (German Karl VI) ( October 1, 1685 &ndash October 20, 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The Habsburgs renamed the city Karlsburg in honor of Charles. The upper city's fortress with seven bastions, in a stelar shape, was constructed between 1716–1735 by Giovanni Morando Visconti, using the Vauban system—the largest of this kind in South-eastern Europe. Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for A bastion is a structure projecting outward from the main enclosure of a Fortification, situated in both corners of a straight wall (termed curtain with the shape Year 1716 ( MDCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1735 ( MDCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Sébastien Le Prestre Seigneur de Vauban and later Marquis de Vauban ( May 15, 1633 – March 30, 1707) commonly referred to Inside the fortress is the Gothic Catholic cathedral (the most representative building for the Medieval Gothic style in Transylvania), and the Batthyaneum, a library of rare manuscripts founded in 1794. See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. Year 1794 ( MDCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The tomb of John Hunyadi is located in the cathedral, as is that of the Polish-born Isabella Jagiełło, Queen of Hungary. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Ancestors
Notable residents
- János Apáczai Csere, philosopher, writer
- Michael II Apafi, prince of Transylvania
- Isabella Jagiełło, Queen of Hungary
- John II Sigismund Zápolya, prince of Transylvania
- Christopher Báthory, prince of Transylvania
- Gabriel Bethlen, prince of Transylvania
- George I Rákóczi, prince of Transylvania
- Áron Márton, bishop of the Romanian Roman-Catholic Church
Sister cities
- Arnsberg, Germany
- Székesfehérvár, Hungary
- Aeghio, Greece
- Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Sliven, Bulgaria
- Duzce, Turkey
- San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy
References
External links
- (English) Official site
- (Romanian) Alba Iulia photo gallery
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