Alasdair MacColla (c. 1610–1647) was a Scottish-Irish soldier. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world His full name in Scottish Gaelic was Alasdair Mac Colla Chiotaigh Mac Domhnaill (in English: Alasdair the son of Colla the Left-handed MacDonald). Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States He is sometimes mistakenly referred to in English as "Collkitto", a nickname that properly belongs to his father. Col Ciotach Macdonald (1570 – 1647 was a Scottish-Irish adventurer of Clan Donald, who became Laird of Colonsay in 1623 by treachery He fought in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, most notably in Scotland. The Wars of the Three Kingdoms (sometimes known as the Wars of the Three Nations) formed an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in Scotland, Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms covers Scotland 's involvement in the wider conflict known as the Wars of the Three Kingdoms between 1644 and 1650 He died at the Battle of Knocknanauss in 1647. The Battle of Knocknanauss was fought in 1647, during the Irish Confederate Wars, part of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, between Confederate
MacColla was born in the Western Isles of Scotland in the early seventeenth century into Clan Donald. The Outer Hebrides, ( officially known for local government purposes by the Gaelic name Na h-Eileanan Siar) comprise an island Clan Donald is one of the largest Scottish clans The MacDonald clan has many separate branches These are His early life encompassed both Gaelic Ireland and the Gaelic western Highlands of Scotland - as the MacDonalds had a presence in both countries. The Scottish Highlands ( Scottish Gaelic: A' Ghàidhealtachd, Scots: Hielans) include the rugged and Mountainous Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Like his father, Colla, Alasdair made his name as a soldier, being particularly noted for his use of a Scots broadsword called the claymore. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The term claymore (ˈkleɪmɔr or /kleɪˈmɔr/ from Scottish Gaelic claidheamh mòr, "great sword" may refer to one of two distinct types In his young days, he saw fighting against the Campbell clan, with whom the MacDonalds had a long running feud over territory and power. This enmity was deepened by religious factors. The Campbells were Presbyterians, whereas the MacDonalds, among whom a Franciscan mission had settled, were Roman Catholics. Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic
Civil War in Ireland and Scotland
However, MacColla really came to prominence with the onset of the conflict known as the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. The Wars of the Three Kingdoms (sometimes known as the Wars of the Three Nations) formed an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in Scotland, The MacDonald clan, which was spread over north-western Scotland and north-eastern Ireland, sided with the Royalists and Irish Confederates. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Cavalier was the name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War ( 1642 &ndash 1651 Confederate Ireland refers to the period of Irish self-government between the Rebellion of 1641 and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1649 Their deadly enemies, the Clan Campbell, sided with the Scottish Covenanters. Clan Campbell is historically one of the largest and most powerful Highland Scottish clans History Origins of the clan The origins of Clan Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. The Covenanters formed an important movement in the religion and politics of Scotland in the 17th century Early in the war, MacColla was forced to flee the Western Isles, which were attacked by a Covenanter/Campbell force. Colla, his father was taken prisoner by the Campbells. On the outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641, MacColla found himself in Antrim, under the command of Randal MacDonald, the chief of the Irish MacDonalds. The Irish Rebellion of 1641 began as an attempted Coup d'état by Irish Catholic gentry but developed into inter communal violence between native Antrim ( is a town in County Antrim in the northeast of Northern Ireland, on the banks of the Six Mile Water, half a mile northeast from Lough Randal MacDonnell 1st Marquess of Antrim may refer to Randal MacDonnell 1st Marquess of Antrim (1645 creation (1609&ndash1682 Randal MacDonnell MacColla, who was a Catholic, quickly became involved in fighting the Protestant settlers there. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. He was implicated in some massacres of Protestant civilians, but also scored some notable military victories. However, under the command of the leader of the Ulster Catholics Sir Phelim O'Neill he was defeated and wounded in the battle of Glenmaquin near Raphoe. Sir Felim O'Neill of Kinard (died August 1653 better known as Phelim O'Neill was an Irish nobleman who led the Irish Rebellion of 1641 in Ulster He was rescued by Dónall Geimhleach Ó Catháin, the Scottish Covenanters landed an army in Ulster and drove the Irish Catholic forces out of the greater part of the province. The Covenanters formed an important movement in the religion and politics of Scotland in the 17th century Ulster ( Ulaidh ˈkwɪɟɪ ˈʌlˠu / ˈʌlˠi is one of the four provinces of Ireland, in addition to Connacht, Munster and Leinster
In 1644, he was selected by the Supreme Council of Confederate Ireland to lead an expedition to Scotland to aid the Royalists there against the Covenanters. Confederate Ireland refers to the period of Irish self-government between the Rebellion of 1641 and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1649 Cavalier was the name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War ( 1642 &ndash 1651 The Covenanters formed an important movement in the religion and politics of Scotland in the 17th century He was given a command of 1500-2000 men, mostly from Ulster. When in Scotland, MacColla linked up with the Royalist James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose. James Graham 1st Marquess of Montrose (October 1612 - 21 May 1650) was a Scottish nobleman and soldier who initially joined the He was also able to raise men among his MacDonald clansmen and other anti-Campbell Scottish clans. Scottish clans (from Scottish Gaelic clann, "children" give a sense of identity and shared descent to people in Scotland and to their relations In the subsequent Scottish Civil War, MacColla and Montrose won a series of victories at the battles of Tippermuir, Aberdeen, Inverlochy, Auldearn, Alford and Kilsyth. Scottish Civil War can refer to a number of internecine wars in Scottish history, including War of the Scottish succession 1094-1097 the revolts The Battle of Tippermuir ( September 1 1644) was the first battle James Graham 1st Marquess of Montrose fought for the king during the Wars of the The Battle of Aberdeen was an engagement in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms which took place between Royalist and Covenanter forces outside the city of The Battle of Inverlochy was fought on 2 February 1645 and forms part of Scottish Civil War. The Battle of Auldearn, an engagement of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, took place on May 9, 1645, in and around the village of Auldearn in The Battle of Alford was an engagement of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which took place near the village of Alford Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on The Battle of Kilsyth was an engagement of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms which took place on August 15, 1645 at Kilsyth. MacColla also took the opportunity to pillage the Campbell lands, killing all the men he could find there. However, he and Montrose parted company because MacColla's priorities lay in the western Highlands, whereas Montrose wanted to secure the Lowlands and ultimately England for the Royalist cause. James Graham 1st Marquess of Montrose (October 1612 - 21 May 1650) was a Scottish nobleman and soldier who initially joined the The Scottish Highlands ( Scottish Gaelic: A' Ghàidhealtachd, Scots: Hielans) include the rugged and Mountainous The Scottish Lowlands ( a' Ghalldachd, meaning roughly 'the non-Gaelic region' in Gaelic, and called Lawlands or Lallans in Scots England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Cavalier was the name used by Parliamentarians for a Royalist supporter of King Charles I during the English Civil War ( 1642 &ndash 1651 As a result, both of them were defeated separately by the Covenanters in 1646.
MacColla has been credited with inventing the tactic of the Highland charge in the Civil Wars - where his men ran at enemy infantry, fired a volley at close range and then closed hand to hand. The Highland charge was a battlefield tactic used by the clans of the Scottish Highlands in the 17th and 18th century This proved remarkably effective in both Ireland and Scotland, due to the musket's slow reloading time and the poor discipline and training of many of the troops MacColla's men faced.
MacColla's men committed a series of atrocities against the civilians of clan Campbell. During his two periods in occupation of Argyll, the Campbell territory in 1645 and 1647, MacColla had all men of military age killed, whether they were in arms or not. Argyll, Archaically Argyle ( Earra-Ghàidheal in modern Gaelic) is a region of western Scotland corresponding with most of the part On one infamous occasion, MacColla had a whole barn full of Campbells (including women and children) burned, in an incident known as the "Barn of Bones".
Defeat and death
MacColla's father, who was a prisoner of the Campbells, was killed in retaliation for his son's atrocities in the Campbell country. MacColla himself retreated to Kintyre and then to Ireland, where he re-joined the Irish Confederates in 1647. Kintyre ( Scottish Gaelic: Cinn Tìre kʲiɲˈtʲiːɾʲə is a peninsula in western Scotland, in the south-west of Argyll and Bute. Confederate Ireland refers to the period of Irish self-government between the Rebellion of 1641 and the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in 1649 His troops, (both Irish survivors of the 1644 expedition and Scottish Highlanders) were split up and assigned to the Leinster and Munster armies, with MacColla attached to the latter. Leinster (ˈlɛnstər Irish: Laighin, lainʲ one of the Provinces of Ireland, lies in the east of Ireland and comprises the counties of Munster ( Irish: An Mhumhain, ənˈvuːnʲ Cúige Mumhan or Mumha) is the southernmost of the four Provinces of Ireland. MacColla's men were mostly killed in the Confederate defeats at the battle of Dungans Hill in Meath and then at the Battle of Knocknanauss in County Cork. The Battle of Dungan's Hill took place in County Meath, in eastern Ireland in August 1647. The Battle of Knocknanauss was fought in 1647, during the Irish Confederate Wars, part of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, between Confederate County Cork (Contae Chorcaí is the most southerly and the largest of the modern counties of Ireland. Alasdair MacColla himself was killed by English Parliamentarian soldiers at Knocknanauss after he had been taken prisoner.
After his death, MacColla became a figure of minor folklore in Gaelic Ireland and Scotland. He is commemorated in the Scottish Gaelic poetry of Iain Lom MacDonald and in Ireland by a piece of traditional music named MacColla's March or Alasdair MacColla that dates from the mid seventeenth century and is still performed, notably by the band Clannad. Scottish Gaelic ( Gàidhlig) is a member of the Goidelic branch of Celtic languages. Iain Lom was a Scottish Gaelic poet He had more than one nickname however and was known to some as Iain Monntach which translates as stammering John Clannad are a Grammy Award -winning Irish musical group, from Gweedore ( Gaoth Dobhair) County Donegal.
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