|
glutamic-pyruvate transaminase
|
|
| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | GPT |
| Entrez | 2875 |
| HUGO | 4552 |
| OMIM | 138200 |
| RefSeq | NM_005309 |
| UniProt | P24298 |
| Other data | |
| EC number | 2.6.1.2 |
| Locus | Chr. 8 q24.2-qter |
Alanine transaminase or ALT is a transaminase enzyme (EC 2.6.1.2). The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful Federated search engine or Web portal that allows users to search many discrete Health sciences The Human Genome Organisation (HUGO is an organization involved in the Human Genome Project, a project about mapping the human genome The Mendelian Inheritance in Man project is a Database that catalogues all the known Diseases with a genetic component, and—when possible—links them The National Center for Biotechnology Information ( NCBI) is part of the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM a branch of the National Institutes Swiss-Prot is a manually curated Biological database of Protein sequences This article is about the Enzyme Commission codes For the European Commission system for coding chemicals see EC-No. In the fields of Genetics and Evolutionary computation, a locus (plural loci) is a fixed position on a Chromosome such as the position of a Chromosome 8 is one of the 23 pairs of Chromosomes in Humans People normally have two copies of this chromosome In Biochemistry, a transaminase or an aminotransferase is an Enzyme that Catalyzes a type of reaction between an Amino acid and an Enzymes are Biomolecules that catalyze ( ie increase the rates of Chemical reactions Almost all enzymes are Proteins This article is about the Enzyme Commission codes For the European Commission system for coding chemicals see EC-No. It is also called serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) or alanine aminotransferase (ALAT).
ALT is found in serum and in various bodily tissues, but is most commonly associated with the liver;
Contents |
Function
It catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from alanine to a-ketoglutarate, the products of this reversible transamination reaction being pyruvate and glutamate. Blood plasma is the Liquid component of Blood, in which the Blood cells are suspended The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals Amines are Organic compounds and Functional groups that contain a basic Nitrogen Atom with a Lone pair. Alanine (abbreviated as Ala or A) is an α- Amino acid with the Chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2CH3 Alpha-ketoglutaric acid is one of two Ketone derivatives of Glutaric acid. There are two chemical reactions known as transamination (or aminotransfer Pyruvic acid (CH3COCO2H is an alpha-keto acid. The Carboxylate Anion of pyruvic acid is known as pyruvate. Glutamic acid (abbreviated as Glu or E) is one of the 20 Alpha Amino acids It is not among the human Essential amino acids Its
Clinical significance
It is commonly measured clinically as a part of a diagnostic liver function test, to determine liver health. Glutamic acid (abbreviated as Glu or E) is one of the 20 Alpha Amino acids It is not among the human Essential amino acids Its Pyruvic acid (CH3COCO2H is an alpha-keto acid. The Carboxylate Anion of pyruvic acid is known as pyruvate. Alpha-ketoglutaric acid is one of two Ketone derivatives of Glutaric acid. Alanine (abbreviated as Ala or A) is an α- Amino acid with the Chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2CH3 Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs which include liver enzymes, are groups of Clinical biochemistry laboratory blood assays designed to give information about the Diagnostically, it is almost always measured in units/litre (U/L).
Elevated levels
Significantly elevated levels of ALT often suggest the existence of other medical problems such as alcoholic or viral hepatitis, congestive heart failure, liver damage, biliary duct problems, infectious mononucleosis, or myopathy. Hepatitis (plural hepatitides) implies injury to the Liver characterized by the presence of Inflammatory cells in the tissue of Heart failure is a Cardiac condition that occurs when a problem with the structure or function of the Heart impairs its ability to supply The liver is a vital organ in the human body and is present in Vertebrates and some other animals A bile duct is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry Bile. Infectious mononucleosis, also known as Pfeiffer's disease, mono (in The United States of America) and more commonly known as glandular In Medicine, a myopathy is a neuromuscular Disease in which the Muscle fibers do not function for any one of many reasons resulting in Muscular weakness For this reason, ALT is commonly used as a way of screening for liver problems. However, elevated levels of ALT do not automatically mean that medical problems exist. Fluctuation of ALT levels is normal over the course of the day, and ALT levels can also increase in response to strenuous physical exercise[1].
When elevated ALT levels are found in the blood, the possible underlying causes can be further narrowed down by measuring other enzymes. For example, elevated ALT levels due to liver-cell damage can be distinguished from biliary duct problems by measuring alkaline phosphatase. Hepatocytes make up 70-80% of the Cytoplasmic mass of the Liver. A bile duct is any of a number of long tube-like structures that carry Bile. Alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) ( is a Hydrolase Enzyme responsible for removing Phosphate groups from many types of molecules including Also, myopathy-related ALT levels can be ruled out by measuring creatine kinase enzymes. In Medicine, a myopathy is a neuromuscular Disease in which the Muscle fibers do not function for any one of many reasons resulting in Muscular weakness Creatine kinase (CK also known as creatine phosphokinase (CPK or phosphocreatine kinase, is an Enzyme ( expressed by various tissue types
For years, the American Red Cross used ALT testing as part of the battery of tests to ensure the safety of its blood supply by deferring donors with elevated ALT levels. The American Red Cross (also known as the American National Red Cross) is a humanitarian organization that provides emergency assistance disaster relief and education inside The intent was to identify donors potentially infected with Hepatitis C ("non-A non-B Hepatitis") because there was no specific test for that disease at the time. Hepatitis C is a blood-borne infectious disease that is caused by the Hepatitis C virus ( HCV) affecting the Liver. Hepatitis (plural hepatitides) implies injury to the Liver characterized by the presence of Inflammatory cells in the tissue of With the introduction of second generation ELISA antibody tests for Hepatitis C, the Red Cross changed the ALT policy. Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay, also called ELISA, Enzyme ImmunoAssay or EIA, is a biochemical technique used mainly in Immunology Hepatitis C is a blood-borne infectious disease that is caused by the Hepatitis C virus ( HCV) affecting the Liver. As of July 2003, donors previously disqualified for elevated ALT levels and no other reason may be reinstated as donors by contacting the donor counseling department of their regional Red Cross organization[2]. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar.
See also
References
- ^ Paul T. Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs which include liver enzymes, are groups of Clinical biochemistry laboratory blood assays designed to give information about the Giboney M. D. , Mildly Elevated Liver Transaminase Levels in the Asymptomatic Patient, American Family Physician.
- ^ Red Cross Donor Requirements
External links
Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and booksDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic