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Alemannia (orange) and Upper Burgundy (green) around 1000.
Alemannia (orange) and Upper Burgundy (green) around 1000.

Alamannia or Alemannia was the territory inhabited by the Alamanni after they broke through the Roman limes in 213. The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Main river ( Germany The Limes Germanicus ( Latin for Germanic frontier) was a remarkable line of frontier ( Limes) forts that bounded the ancient Roman The term Swabia was often used interchangeably with Alamannia in the 10th to 13th centuries and is still so used when speaking of those centuries. Swabia, Suabia, or Svebia ( German: Schwaben, Schwabenland or Ländle) is both a historic and linguistic

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Merovingian duchy

Originally a loose confederation of unrelated tribes, the Alamanni underwent coalescence or ethnogenesis during the 3rd century, and were ruled by kings throughout the 4th and 5th centuries until 496, when they were defeated by Clovis I of the Franks at the Battle of Tolbiac. Ethnogenesis (From Greek: ethnos ( group of people nation and genesis ( a coming into being is the process by which a group of human beings comes Clovis I (c 466 &ndash 27 November 511) was the first King of the Franks to unite all the Frankish tribes under one ruler The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group The Battle of Tolbiac was fought between the Franks under Clovis I and the Alamanni, traditionally set in 496. They bucked the Frankish yoke and put themselves under the protection of Theodoric the Great of the Ostrogoths, but after his death they were again subjugated by the Franks (539), under Theuderic I and Theudebert I. Theodoric the Great (454 – August 30, 526) known to the Romans as Flavius Theodoricus, was king of the Ostrogoths (471-526 ruler of The Ostrogoths (Ostrogothi or Austrogothi were a branch of the Goths, an East Germanic tribe that played a major role in the political events of the late Theuderic I (or Theuderich, Theoderic, or Theodoric; in French, Thierry) (484 &ndash 533 or 534 was the Merovingian king Theudebert I ( French: Thibert or Théodebert) (c 500 &ndash 547 or 548 was the Merovingian king of Austrasia from 533 to his death Thereafter, Alamannia was a nominal dukedom within Francia.

Though ruled by their own dukes, it is not likely that they were very often united under one duke in the 6th and 7th centuries. The Alamanni most frequently appear as auxiliaries in expeditions to Italy. The Duchy of Alsace was Alamannic, but it was ruled by a line of Frankish dukes and the region around the upper Danube and Neckar rivers was ruled by the Ahalolfing family and not by the ducal house which ruled central Alamannia around Lake Constance. The Duchy of Alsace was a large political subdivision of the Frankish Empire during the last decade and a half of Merovingian rule The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj The Neckar is a 367-km long River, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, but also a short section through Hesse The Ahalolfings or Alaholfings were a noble family of Alemannia in the Early Middle Ages. Under the designation Lake Constance or Lake of Constance ( German Bodensee) one summarizes the three independent bodies of water Obersee Rhaetia too, though Alamannic, was ruled by the Victorids coterminously with the Diocese of Chur. Raetia (so always in inscriptions classical manuscripts usually use the form Rhaetia) was a province of the Roman Empire, bounded on the west by the country The Victorids ( Romansh: Zaccons) was a powerful family in Rhaetia during the seventh and eighth centuries, dominating the region politically The Diocese of Chur comprises the Swiss Cantons of Graubünden (Grisons Schwyz, Glarus, Zurich, Nidwalden, Obwalden

Alamannia was Christianised early, but not as thoroughly as either Francia to its west or Bavaria to its east. The historical phenomenon of Christianization (or Christianisation &mdash see spelling differences) the conversion of individuals to Christianity The following is a list of rulers during the History of Bavaria. The Roman dioceses of Strasbourg and Basel covered Alsace and that of Chur, as mentioned, Rhaetia. The Bishopric was a client state of the Holy Roman Empire from the 13th century until 1803 Bishopric of Basel may refer to either the Roman Catholic Diocese in Switzerland (German Bistum Basel, Latin Dioecesis Basileensis Alamannia itself only had a diocese in the east, at Augsburg (early 7th century). The Prince-Bishopric of Augsburg is historically one of the Prince-bishoprics of the Holy Roman Empire, and belonged to the Swabian Circle. There were two Roman bishoprics, Windisch and Octodunum, which were moved early to other sites (Avenches and Sitten respectively). The Bishop of Lausanne (French Évêque de Lausanne) was a Prince-Bishop of the Holy Roman Empire and the Ordinary of the Diocese Avenches is a Swiss municipality in the canton of Vaud, located in the district of Avenches, of which it is the capital Sion ( German Sitten, Latin Sedunum) is the capital of the Swiss canton of Valais. Western Alamannia did eventually (7th century) receive a diocese (Constance) through the cooperation of the bishops of Chur and the Merovingian monarchs. The Bishopric of Constance was a Diocese of the Roman Catholic Church that existed from about 585 until 1821 The Merovingians (also Merovings) were a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin The foundation of Constance is obscure, though it was the largest diocese in Germany throughout the Merovingian and early Carolingian era. The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolings, or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the The dioceses of Alamannia, including Chur, which had been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Milan, were placed under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Mainz by the Carolingians. The Archbishopric of Mainz (Erzbistum Mainz or Electorate of Mainz (Kurfürstentum Mainz or Kurmainz) was an influential ecclesiastic and secular Prince-bishopric

After the death of Dagobert I in 638, Alamannia, like Bavaria, Aquitaine, and Brittany, broke its ties with its Frankish sovereigns and struggled for independence. Dagobert I (c 603 &ndash 19 January 639) was the king of Austrasia (623&ndash634 king of all the Franks (629&ndash634 and king of The Duke of Aquitaine ( French: Duc d'Aquitaine) ruled the historical region of Aquitaine under the supremacy of the Frankish and later the This was largely successful until the early 8th century, when a series of campaigns waged by the Arnulfing mayors of the palace reduced Alamannia to a province of Francia once again. The Pippinids or Arnulfings are the members of a family of Frankish nobles whose select scions served as Mayor of the Palace, de facto rulers of the Frankish kingdoms Mayor of the Palace was an early medieval Title and Office, also called Majordomo, from the Latin title Maior domus ("superior It was, however, during this period of de facto independence that the Alamanni began to be ruled by one duke, though Alsace and Rhaetia remained outside of the scope of Alamannia. Between 709 and 712, Pepin of Heristal fought against Lantfrid, who appears as dux of the Alamanni, and who committed to writing the first Alamannic law code, the Lex Alamannorum. Pepin (also Pippin, Pipin, or Peppin) of Herstal (c 635 &ndash 16 December 714) was the Mayor of the Palace Lantfrid (also Landfrid or Lanfred, Latinised Lantfridus or Lanfredus, died 730 was duke of Alamannia under Frankish The terms Lex Alamannorum and Pactus Alamannorum refer to two early medieval Law codes of the Alamanni. In 743, Pepin the Short and Carloman waged a campaign to reduce Alamannia and in 746 Carloman began a final thrust to subdue the Alamannic nobility. Pepin or Pippin (714 &ndash 24 September 768) called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III, was Carloman (between 706 and 716 &ndash 17 August 754 was the eldest son of Charles Martel, Major domo or Mayor of the palace and duke Several thousand Alamanni noblemen were summarily arrested, tried, and executed them for treason at a Council at Cannstatt. The blood court at Cannstatt ( Blutgericht zu Cannstatt) took place as Carloman in 746 invited all nobles of the Alamanni, to a council Thereafter, Alamanni was ruled by Franks and the only remaining native Alamannic nobility seems to have hailed from Alsace.

Merovingian dukes

Carolingian regnum

See also: Duchy of Swabia

During the reign of Louis the Pious, there were tendencies to renewed independence in Alamanni, and the 830s were marked by bloody feuds between the Alamannic and Rhaetian nobility vying for dominion over the area. Theodefrid (Theodefridus was the Frankish duke of the Alemanni in the Diocese of Avenches until 573 when Marius became bishop and took over Uncelen, Uncelin, or Uncilin (from Latin Uncelenus; died c 613 was the Duke of Alemannia from 587 to 607 The article is about the historical figure For the Japanese magazine see Gunzo. Chrodobert, Crodobert, or Crodebert ( Crodobertus or Chrodobertus) was an Aleman Dux of the early seventh century Leutharis, Leuthari, Leuthard, or Leutharius II (fl c 643 was the Duke of Alamannia in the early seventh century Gotfrid, Gotefrid, or Gottfried ( Latin: Gotfridus or Cotefredus; died 709 was the Duke of Alemannia in the late seventh Willehari or Willihari ( Latin: Vilarius, Wilharius, Willeharius, or Willicharius) was an Alemannic duke ( Ortenaukreis is a district ( Kreis) in the west of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Lantfrid (also Landfrid or Lanfred, Latinised Lantfridus or Lanfredus, died 730 was duke of Alamannia under Frankish Theudebald or Theutbald was the Duke of Alamannia from 730 until his deposition The following is a list of Dukes of Swabia in southwest Germany Louis the Pious (778 &ndash 20 June 840) also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781 and co-Emperor Following the Treaty of Verdun of 843, Alamannia became a province of East Francia, the kingdom of Louis the German, the precursor of the Kingdom of Germany. In the Treaty of Verdun of 843 the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, Charlemagne 's grandsons divided his territories the Carolingian East ( ern) Francia ( Regnum Francorum orientalium) known variously as Francia Orientalis or the Kingdom of the East Franks, was the Louis (also Ludwig or Lewis) the German (also known as Louis II or Louis the Bavarian) (806 &ndash August 28, 876 The Kingdom of Germany grew out of East Francia in the tenth century It was called a regnum in contemporary sources, though this does not necessarily mean that it was a kingdom or subkingdom. At times, however, it was. It was granted to Charles the Bald in 829, though it is not certain whether he was recognised as duke or king. Charles the Bald ( 13 June 823 – 6 October 877) Holy Roman Emperor (875–877 as Charles II) and King of West Francia It was certainly a kingdom, including Alsace and Rhaetia, when it was granted to Charles the Fat in the division of East Francia in 876. Charles the Fat (Carolus Pinguis 13 June 839 – 13 January 888) was the King of Alemannia from 876 King of Italy from Under Charles, the Alammania became the centre of the Empire, but after his deposition, it found itself out of favour. Though ethnically singular, it was still plagued by Rhaetian-Alamannic feuds and fighting over the control of the Alammanic church.

Alamannia in the late 9th century, like Bavaria, Saxony, and Franconia, sought to unite itself under one duke, but it had considerably less success than either Saxony or Bavaria. The mediæval Duchy of Saxony was a late Early Middle Ages "Carolingian Stem duchy " covering the greater part of Northern Germany. Franconia (Franken is a historic region of Germany comprising the northern parts of the modern state of Bavaria and the area to its immediate west Alammannia was one of the jüngeres Stammesherzogtum, one of the "younger" stem duchies, or tibal duchies, which formed the basis of the political organisation of East Francia after the collapse of the Carolingian dynasty in the late 9th and early 10th centuries. Stem duchies (from the German Stammesherzogtum, literally "tribal duchy" were associated with the Frankish Kingdom, especially the East In the 10th century, no noble house of Alamannia succeeded in fouding a ducal dynasty, as the Ottonians did in Saxony or the Liutpolding in Bavaria, though the Hunfridings came closest. The Ottonian dynasty was a dynasty of Germanic Kings (919-1024 named after its first emperor but also known as the Saxon dynasty after the family's origin The Luitpolding was a medieval dynasty which ruled Bavaria from some time in the late ninth century off and on until 985. The Hunfridings or Burchardings ( Bouchardids) were a family of probably Alemannic origin who rose to prominence in their homeland eventually becoming the

The duchy encompassed the area surrounding Lake Constance, the Black Forest, and the left and right banks of the Rhine, including Alsace and parts of the Swiss plateau, bordering on Upper Burgundy. For the suburb of Adelaide, please see Black Forest South Australia; for the CDP in Colorado, please see Black Forest Colorado. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge The Swiss Plateau ( plateau suisse in French, Schweizer Mittelland in German) constitutes one of the three major landscapes in Upper Burgundy (also Transjurane Burgundy fr Bourgogne transjurane, also Transjurania) is the part of Burgundy west of the Jura mountains The boundary with Burgundy, fixed in 843, ran along the lower Aare, turning towards the south at the Rhine, passing west of Lucerne and across the Alps along the upper Rhône to the Saint Gotthard Pass. The Aar ( German Aare) a tributary of the Rhine, is the longest River that both rises and ends entirely within Switzerland. Lucerne ( Italian Lucerna) is a city in Switzerland. It is the capital of the Canton of Lucerne The Rhone, or the Rhône is one of the major Rivers of Europe, running through Switzerland and France. St Gotthard Pass ( Italian: San Gottardo) (el 2108 m. is a high Mountain pass in Switzerland between Airolo in the In the north, the boundary ran from the Murg (some 30 km south of Karlsruhe) to Heilbronn and the Nördlinger Ries. For the town in Baden-Württemberg see Murg Germany. The Murg is a right tributary of the Rhine, located in Baden-Württemberg, Karlsruhe (ˈkaɐ̯lsʁuːə population 285812 in 2006 is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near Heilbronn (haɪlˈbʁɔn is a city in northern Baden-Württemberg, Germany Ries Crater Rimjpg|thumb|right|250px|The crater rim near the village of Mönchsdeggingen The eastern boundary was at the Lech River. The Lech (Licus Licca) is a River in Austria and Germany. It is a right tributary of the Danube and 264 km in length with a Argovia was disputed territory between the dukes of Alamannia and Burgundy. Aargau ( German; rarely anglicized Argovia) is one of the more northerly cantons of Switzerland.

From the tenth century onwards, Alamannia is more typically known as the Duchy of Swabia. The following is a list of Dukes of Swabia in southwest Germany

Legacy

In modern Catalan, French, Portuguese, Spanish, Turkish the words for "Germany" are Alemanya, Allemagne, Alemanha, Alemania, Almanya all of which derive from Alamannia. Catalan ˈkætəˌlæn ( català kətəˈla or) is a Romance language, the national and official language of Andorra, and a co-official French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. A similar correspondence exists for "German", both as the language and the adjectival form of "Germany".

See also

Sources

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