Aladdin (an Anglicisation of the Arabic name (originally Syrian) Alāʼ ad-Dīn, Arabic: علاء الدين literally "nobility of the faith") is one of the tales of medieval Arabian origin in the The Book of One Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights), and one of the most famous, although, as described in detail below (under "Sources and setting"), it was actually added to the collection by Antoine Galland. Ludwig Fulda, really Ludwig Anton Salomon ( July 7, 1862 - March 7, 1939) German writer was born in Frankfurt Old Arabic names are based on a long naming system most Arabs do not simply have given / middle / Family names but a full chain of names Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Antoine Galland ( April 4, 1646 &mdash February 17, 1715) was a French Orientalist and Archaeologist, most [1]
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Synopsis
The original story of Aladdin is a Middle-Eastern folk tale. It concerns an impoverished young ne'er-do-well named Aladdin, in a Chinese city, who is recruited by a sorcerer from the Maghreb (who passes himself off as the brother of Aladdin's late father) to retrieve a wonderful oil lamp from a booby-trapped magic cave. A magician, wizard, sorcerer or a person known under one of many other possible terms in fiction is someone who uses or practices magic The Maghreb (المغرب العربي al-Maġrib al-ʿArabī) also rendered Maghrib (or rarely Moghreb) meaning "place of Sunset An oil lamp is a simple vessel used to produce light continuously for a period of time from a fuel source A booby trap is a device set up to be triggered by an unsuspecting victim A cave is a natural underground void large enough for a human to enter After the sorcerer attempts to double-cross him, Aladdin finds himself trapped in the cave. Fortunately, Aladdin retains a magic ring lent to him by the sorcerer. A magic ring is an article of Jewelry that appears frequently in Fantasy and Fairytale. When he rubs his hands in despair, he inadvertently rubs the ring, and a djinni appears, who takes him home to his mother. GEnie (General Electric Network for Information Exchange was an online service Aladdin is still carrying the lamp, and when his mother tries to clean it, a second, far more powerful djinni appears, who is bound to do the bidding of the person holding the lamp. With the aid of the djinni of the lamp, Aladdin becomes rich and powerful and marries princess Badroulbadour, the Emperor's daughter. Badroulbadour (Arabic بدر البدور badru l-budūr, "full moon of full moons" is an Asian princess from China whom Aladdin married The djinni builds Aladdin a wonderful palace - far more magnificent than that of the Emperor himself.
The sorcerer returns and is able to get his hands on the lamp by tricking Aladdin's wife, who is unaware of the lamp's importance, by offering to exchange "new lamps for old". He orders the djinni of the lamp to take the palace to his home in the Maghreb. Fortunately, Aladdin retains the magic ring and is able to summon the lesser djinni. Although the djinni of the ring cannot directly undo any of the magic of the djinni of the lamp, he is able to transport Aladdin to Maghreb, and help him recover his wife and the lamp and defeat the sorcerer.
Sources and setting
No medieval Arabic source has been traced for the tale, which was incorporated into The Book of One Thousand and One Nights by its French translator, Antoine Galland, who heard it from an Arab Syrian Christian storyteller from Aleppo. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Antoine Galland ( April 4, 1646 &mdash February 17, 1715) was a French Orientalist and Archaeologist, most The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings For other meanings see Aleppo (disambiguation. Halab redirects here for other meanings see Halab (disambiguation. Galland's diary (March 25, 1709) records that he met the Maronite scholar, by name Youhenna Diab ("Hanna"), who had been brought from Aleppo to Paris by Paul Lucas, a celebrated French traveller. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Year 1709 ( MDCCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Maronites ( الموارنة,, Syriac: ܡܪܘܢܝܐ, Latin: Ecclesia Maronitarum) are members of one of the Syriac Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Paul Lucas (1664 in Rouen - 1737 in Madrid) was a French merchant naturalist physician and antiquarian to King Louis XIV. Galland's diary also tells that his translation of "Aladdin" was made in the winter of 1709–10. Year 1709 ( MDCCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year It was included in his volumes ix and x of the Nights, published in 1710. Year 1710 ( MDCCX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year
John Payne, Aladdin and the Enchanted Lamp and Other Stories, (London 1901) gives details of Galland's encounter with the man he referred to as "Hanna" and the discovery in the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris of two Arabic manuscripts containing Aladdin (with two more of the "interpolated" tales). John Payne (1842 - 1916 was an English Poet and translator, from Devon. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting One is a jumbled late 18th century Syrian version. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The more interesting one, in a manuscript that belonged to the scholar M. Caussin de Perceval, is a copy of a manuscript made in Baghdad in 1703. Armand-Pierre Caussin de Perceval (1795&ndash1871 was a French Orientalist. Year 1703 ( MDCCIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year It was purchased by the Bibliothèque Nationale at the end of the nineteenth century.
Note that although it is a Middle-Eastern tale the characters in the story are neither Arabs nor Persians, but rather are from "China". The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding The country in the story is however an Islamic country, where most people are Muslims. There is a Jewish merchant who buys Aladdin's wares (and incidentally cheats him), but there is no mention of Buddhists or Confucians. A number of noted individuals have been Buddhists. Historical Buddhist thinkers and founders of schools Individuals are grouped by nationality except in cases where the Confucianism ( is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of the fifth century B Everybody in this country bears an Arabic name and its monarch seems much more like a Persian ruler than a Chinese emperor. The country of the tale is a fabled place in a distant land, definitely eastwards [2] - but of course has little or no relationship to a "real" or historic China. This sort of thing is common enough in fairy tales - whether due to an unsophisticated narrator's ignorance, or as a deliberate device.
For a narrator unaware of the existence of America, Aladdin's "China" would represent "the Utter East" while the sorcerer's homeland of Morocco represented "the Utter West". Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa In the beginning of the tale, the sorcerer's taking the effort to make such a long journey, the longest conceivable in the narrator's (and his listeners') perception of the world, underlines the sorcerer's determination to gain the lamp and hence the lamp's great value. In the later episodes, the instantaneous transition from the east to the west and back, performed effortlessly by the Djinn, make their power all the more marvelous.
In literature, the stage, film, and games
Adam Oehlenschläger wrote his drama Aladdin in 1805. Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger (November 14 1779 &ndash January 20 1850 was a Danish Poet and Playwright. Carl Nielsen wrote incidental music for this play. Carl August Nielsen (9 June 1865 &ndash 3 October 1931 was a conductor, Violinist, and Composer from Denmark. Incidental music is Music in a play, Television program Radio program Video game, film or some other form not primarily musical
In the United Kingdom, the story of Aladdin has been a popular subject for pantomime for over 200 years. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Pantomime (informally panto) (not to be confused with a Mime artist, referring to a theatrical performer of mime is a performance genre traditionally found [3] The traditional Aladdin pantomime is the source of the well-known pantomime character Widow Twankey (Aladdin's mother). Widow Twankey is a female character in the Pantomime Aladdin. In pantomime versions of the story, changes in the setting and plot are often made to fit it better into "China" (albeit a China situated in London's East End rather than Medieval Baghdad). London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous One version of the "pantomime Aladdin" is Sandy Wilson's musical Aladdin, from 1979. Sandy Wilson (born May 19, 1924) is an English Composer and Lyricist, best known for his musical The Boy Friend Musical theatre is a form of Theatre combining Music, Songs spoken Dialogue and Dance. Aladdin, is a musical / Pantomime written by Sandy Wilson for the inaugural Christmas Pantomime at the newly refurbished Since the early 1990s Aladdin pantos tend to be influenced by the Disney animation - for instance the 2007/2008 Birmingham version, which starred John Barrowman, and featured a variety of songs from the Disney movies Aladdin and Mulan. John Scot Barrowman (b 11 March 1967 is a Scottish Actor, musical performer, Dancer, Singer and Television presenter Aladdin is a 1992 animated feature produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, and released by Walt Disney Pictures on November 25 Mulan is a 1998 Animated feature film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, and released by Walt Disney Pictures on June 19 1998
In the 1960s Bollywood produced Aladdin and Sinbad, very loosely based on the original, in which the two named heroes get to meet and share in each other's adventures. Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India In this version, the lamp's djinni (genie) is female and Aladdin marries her rather than the princess (she becomes a mortal woman for his sake).
The tale has been adapted to animated film a number of times, including Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp, the 1939 Popeye the Sailor cartoon. The bouncing ball animation (below consists of these 6 frames Aladdin and His Wonderful Lamp is a two-reel Animated cartoon Short subject in the Popeye Color Specials series produced in Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Popeye the Sailor Man is a fictional hero famous for appearing in comic strips and animated films as well as numerous TV shows
In 1962 the Italian branch of the Walt Disney Company published the story Paperino e la grotta di Aladino (Donald and Aladdin's Cave), written by Osvaldo Pavese and drawn by Pier Lorenzo De Vita. In it, Uncle Scrooge leads Donald Duck and their nephews on an expedition to find the treasure of Aladdin and they encounter the Middle Eastern counterparts of the Beagle Boys. Scrooge McDuck or Uncle Scrooge is a fictional Donald Duck is a cartoon character from The Walt Disney Company. Huey, Dewey, and Louie Duck are a trio of Ducks who appear in Animated cartoons and Comic books published by The Walt Disney Company The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. The Beagle Boys are a group of Fictional characters from the Scrooge McDuck universe loosely based on the popular image of Ma Barker and the Barker-Karpis Scrooge describes Aladdin as a brigand who used the legend of the lamp to cover the origins of his ill-gotten gains. An outlaw or bandit is a person living the lifestyle of outlawry; the word literally means "outside the Law " by folk-etymology from the original They find the cave holding the treasure which is blocked by a huge rock and it requires a variation of "Open Sesame" to open it, thus providing a link to Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves [1]. Ali Baba ( Arabic, Persian: علي بابا is a Fictional character based in Ancient Arabia.
A Soviet film Volshebnaia Lampa Aladdina ("Aladdin's Magic Lamp") was released in 1966.
In 1982 Media Home Entertainment released Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp. Media Home Entertainment (also known as Meda Home Entertainment early on was a Home video company headquartered in Culver City California and established in
Currently the form in which the medieval tale is best known, especially to the very young, is Aladdin, the 1992 animated feature by Walt Disney Feature Animation. Aladdin is a 1992 animated feature produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation, and released by Walt Disney Pictures on November 25 Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) The bouncing ball animation (below consists of these 6 frames Walt Disney Animation Studios (as Walt Disney Feature Animation is a key element of The Walt Disney Company, and the oldest existing Animation studio in the world In this version several characters are renamed (for instance the Sorcerer is renamed "Jafar" and has become a royal vizier), have new motivations for their actions (the Lamp Genie now desires freedom from his role) or are simply replaced (the Ring Genie disappears, but a magic carpet fills his place in the plot). The setting is moved from China to the fictional Arabian city of Agrabah, and the structure of the plot is simplified.
Broadway Junior has released Aladdin Junior, a children's musical based on the music and screenplay of the Disney animation.
One of the many retellings of the tale appears in A Book of Wizards and A Choice of Magic, by Ruth Manning-Sanders. A Book of Wizards is a 1967 anthology of 11 Fairy tales from around the world that have been collected and retold by Ruth Manning-Sanders. A Choice of Magic is a 1971 anthology of 32 Fairy tales from around the world that have been collected and retold by Ruth Manning-Sanders. Ruth Manning-Sanders (born 1888 in Swansea, Wales; died October 12, 1988, in Penzance, England) was a Welsh
There was also a hotel and casino in Las Vegas named Aladdin from 1963 to 2007. A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging usually on a short-term basis A casino is in the modern sense of the word a facility that houses and accommodates certain types of Gambling activities Las Vegas ( Spanish: "The Meadows" is the most populous City in the state of Nevada, the seat of Clark County, and an internationally
The game Sonic and the Secret Rings is heavily based on the story of Aladdin. previously known by the working title Sonic Wild Fire, is a Video game developed by Sonic Team within the ''Sonic the Hedgehog'' series
See also
- The Bronze Ring
- Jack and His Golden Snuff-Box
- The Tinder Box
- The Book of One Thousand and One Nights
- Arabian mythology
External links
- "Alaeddin and the Enchanted Lamp", in John Payne, Oriental Tales vol. The Bronze Ring is the first story in The Blue Fairy Book by Andrew Lang. Jack and His Golden Snuff-Box is a Gypsy Fairy tale collected by Joseph Jacobs in English Fairy Tales. "The Tinder Box" (Fyrtøiet is a Fairy tale by Danish Poet and Author Hans Christian Andersen about a Soldier This is a sub-article to Pre-Islamic Arabia Arabian mythology comprises the ancient Pre-Islamic beliefs of the Arabs Prior to the 13
- Alaeddin, by Sir Richard Francis Burton. Captain Sir Richard Francis Burton KCMG FRGS (19 March 1821 &ndash 20 October 1890 was an English Explorer, Translator, writer (in HTML and annotated)
- The Thousand Nights and a Night in several classic translations, with additional material, including Payne's introduction [2] and quotes from Galland's diary.
- The Arabian Nights by Andrew Lang, available at Project Gutenberg. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works
- Aladdin Junior, the Broadway Junior Musical
Notes
- ^ John Payne, Alaeddin and the Enchanted Lamp and Other Stories, (London 1901) gives details of Galland's encounter with 'Hanna' in 1709 and of the discovery in the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris of two Arabic manuscripts containing Aladdin and two more of the 'interpolated' tales. Text of "Alaeddin and the enchanted lamp"
- ^ Compare "Cathay". Cathay is the Anglicized version of "Catai" and an alternative name for China in English See Hugh Honour, Chinoiserie: The Vision of Cathay (1961). Section I "The Imaginary Continent".
- ^ Aladdin. Retrieved on 2008-01-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus.
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