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Somali Civil War
Al-Shabaab
Leaders Aden Hashi Farah "Eyrow" †
Mukhtar Robow "Abu Mansur"
Years active: January 19, 2007–present
Headquarters: Mogadishu
Operating Areas: Parts of Mogadishu, Southern Somalia
Preceded by: Islamic Courts Union (ICU)
Allies: Foreign mujahideen
Opponents: Flag of Somalia Transitional Federal Government (TFG)
Flag of Ethiopia Ethiopia
AMISOM
Flag of the United States United States

Al-Shabaab (Arabic, "The Youth"), also known as Hizbul Shabaab (Arabic, "The Party of Youth")[1], and the Popular Resistance Movement in the Land of the Two Migrations (PRM)[2], is an Islamist insurgency group in Somalia. The Somali Civil War is an armed conflict in Somalia that started in 1988 Aden Hashi Farah "Eyrow" ( Aaden Xaashi Faarax Ceyroow - 1 May, 2008) was a leader of the Hizbul Shabaab, the armed wing of the Somali Killed in action ( KIA or K I A) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own forces by other Sheikh Mukhtar Robow (or Abu Mansur) is a leader and spokesman for Somalia 's "Young Mujahideen Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Mogadishu ( Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar, Hamar; مقديشو Maqadīshū The Islamic Courts Union ( ICU, Somali: Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga Arabic: اتحاد المحاكم الإسلامية Ittihād al-mahākim A Mujahid (Arabic ar مجاهد, literally "struggler" is a Muslim involved in a Jihad, id est fighting in a war or The Transitional Federal Government (TFG of the Somali Republic ( Dowladda federaalka kumeelgaarka) is the present internationally recognized government of Somalia NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page The African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM is an active regional peacekeeping mission operated by the African Union with the approval of the United Nations. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Islamism ( Islam + ism; Arabic: al-'islāmiyya) a set of ideologies holding that Islam is not only An insurgency is a violent internal uprising against a sovereign government that lacks the organization of a revolution Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known The group developed in the wake of the loss of the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) at the hands of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and its backers, primarily the military of Ethiopia, in the War in Somalia (2006–present). The Islamic Courts Union ( ICU, Somali: Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga Arabic: اتحاد المحاكم الإسلامية Ittihād al-mahākim The Transitional Federal Government (TFG of the Somali Republic ( Dowladda federaalka kumeelgaarka) is the present internationally recognized government of Somalia NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page The War in Somalia is an ongoing armed conflict involving largely Ethiopian and Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG forces versus the Somali An estimated 3,000 or so members of the ICU went underground to form an insurgency and armed cells across Mogadishu and elsewhere in Somalia, and are conducting attacks against the government and the allied Ethiopian forces. The term "Shabaab" is common in the Islamic world for youth groups, and it should not be confused with other more peaceful endeavors.

The group was at least previously the hard-line militant youth movement within the ICU[1], and is today described as an extremist splinter group. However, since the fall of the ICU it seems as though the distinction between the youth movement and the so called "successor organization" to the ICU, the PRM, has been blurred. The group was founded in 2004[2]. It recruits jihadists to wage war against "enemies of Islam". A Mujahid (Arabic ar مجاهد, literally "struggler" is a Muslim involved in a Jihad, id est fighting in a war or It's designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization by the United States Department of State. " Foreign Terrorist Organization " is a designation of non- United States -based organizations declared terrorist by the United States Secretary of State [3] It's also described as a terrorist organization by the Norwegian Police Security Service[4] and the Swedish Security Service. The Norwegian Police Security Service (Politiets sikkerhetstjeneste PST) is the Security agency of Norway, somewhat comparable to the British The Swedish Security Service (Säkerhetspolisen literally "the Security Police" abbreviated Säpo) former name Rikspolisstyrelsens säkerhetsavdelning [5]

One of the group's primary objectives is the establishment of the rule of sharia. Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law.

Their core comprised veterans who fought and defeated the secular Mogadishu warlords of the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism (ARPCT) at the Second Battle of Mogadishu. The Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism ( ARPCT) ( Isbaheysiga Ladagaalanka Argagaxisadda) was a Somali alliance created by various The Second Battle of Mogadishu was a Battle fought for control of Mogadishu, the capital city of Somalia. [6] Their origins are not clearly known, but former members say Hizbul Shabaab was founded as early as 2004. Before the losses sustained by the Islamic Courts Union in December 2006, estimates of their strength varied between 3,000 to 7,000 members. Training comprised a six-week basic course. A few were sent to advanced training in Eritrea for guerrilla tactics and explosives. [7]

Activities

Main articles: Islamist insurgency in Somalia (2007–present) and 2007 timeline of the War in Somalia

On June 10, 2006 a report in The Guardian stated, "An unnamed network run by one of Aweys's proteges, Aden Hashi Farah "Ayro", has been linked to the murder of four western aid workers and more than a dozen Somalis who allegedly cooperated with counter-terror organisations. The War in Somalia is an ongoing armed conflict involving largely Ethiopian and Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG forces versus the Somali See also War in Somalia (2006–present Timeline January 1, 2007 See also Fall of Kismayo On January 1 Events 1190 - Third Crusade: Frederick I Barbarossa drowns in the Sally River while leading an army to Jerusalem Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. "[8]

On June 15, 2006 the leader of Al-Shabaab, Aden Hashi Farah "Eyrow", was said to have taken a load of arms sent from Eritrea [9] (see page 12). Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Aden Hashi Farah "Eyrow" ( Aaden Xaashi Faarax Ceyroow - 1 May, 2008) was a leader of the Hizbul Shabaab, the armed wing of the Somali

On July 26, 2006, Sheikh Mukhtar Robow "Abu-Mansuur" was reported accepting another load of arms from Eritrea[9] (see page 15). Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Sheikh Mukhtar Robow (or Abu Mansur) is a leader and spokesman for Somalia 's "Young Mujahideen

In July, 720 Somali volunteers were selected by Aden Hashi Farah "Eyrow" to travel to Lebanon to fight against the Israelis. Events in July The traditional period known as "fence month" (the closed season for deer in England ended July 9 (date varied Of those, only 80 returned to Mogadishu. In September, another 20 returned, along with five members of Hizbollah. Hezbollah (حزب الله, literally " party of God " is a Shi'a Islamic political and Paramilitary organisation [9] (see page 24).

The bankruptcy of a remittance company, Dalsan International, whose staff included the brother of Aden Hashi Farah "Eyrow", involved the suspicious disappearance of $10 million dollars. It was alleged, "an ICU military leader managed to divert a large amount of money to help financially support the organization in their fight for the control of Mogadishu during the June 2006 confrontation with the former counter terrorism alliance"[9] (see page 39). (Also see ARPCT, Second Battle of Mogadishu)

As of January 6, 2007, after the Fall of Mogadishu and Kismayo to the TFG, the leaders of the Shabaab were in hiding still at large. The Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism ( ARPCT) ( Isbaheysiga Ladagaalanka Argagaxisadda) was a Somali alliance created by various The Second Battle of Mogadishu was a Battle fought for control of Mogadishu, the capital city of Somalia. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Fall of Mogadishu occurred on December 28, 2006, when the militaries of Somalia 's Transitional Federal Government The Fall of Kismayo occurred on January 1, 2007, when the militaries of Somalia 's Transitional Federal Government (TFG and [10] A member of the disbanded group said they once numbered about 1,000 (lower than other claims by former members), but they do not have any weapons any more. Still, there was support for the call of Al-Qaeda leaders to maintain jihad against the Ethiopians and secular government. [11]

On January 19, 2007 the pro-Islamic Courts Union website Qaadisiya.com featured a video describing the reformation of the ICU into the "Popular Resistance Movement in the Land of the Two Migrations" (PRM), alternatively translated and referred to in press reports as the "Somali People's Insurgent Movement" (SPIM) or "Somali People's Resistance Movement" (SPRM). Events 1419 - Hundred Years' War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England completing his reconquest of Normandy. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. On January 24, Sheikh Abdikadir was announced to be its commander of the Banadir region. Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Benadir or Banaadir ( Somali: Banaadir; بنادر is a region ( gobolka) in southern Somalia. [12]

On January 31, 2007 the group made a video warning African Union peacekeepers to avoid coming to Somalia, claiming "Somalia is not a place where you will earn a salary - it is a place where you will die. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM is an active regional peacekeeping mission operated by the African Union with the approval of the United Nations. "[13]

On February 9, 2007 a gathering of 800 Somali demonstrators in north Mogadishu, where Islamist support was strongest, burned U. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Mogadishu ( Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar, Hamar; مقديشو Maqadīshū S. , Ethiopian, and Ugandan flags in protest of the proposed African Union (AU) led and United Nations endorsed peacekeeping mission, known as AMISOM. The Republic of Uganda is a Landlocked country in East Africa. The African Union (abbreviated AU in English, and UA in its other working languages is a Confederation consisting of 53  African The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Peacekeeping, as defined by the United Nations, is "a way to help countries torn by conflict create conditions for sustainable peace The African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM is an active regional peacekeeping mission operated by the African Union with the approval of the United Nations. "Abdirisaq", a masked representative of the resistance group, the PRM, said Ethiopian troops would be attacked in their hotels. [2][14][15]

On February 28, 2008, the United States Department of State designated al-Shabaab as a Foreign Terrorist Organization in accordance with section 219 of the U. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common " Foreign Terrorist Organization " is a designation of non- United States -based organizations declared terrorist by the United States Secretary of State S. Immigration and Nationality Act (INA). [3]

References

  1. ^ Washington’s Self-Defeating Somalia Policy Matt Bryden, CSIS Policy Forum
  2. ^ a b "Diplomats stress need for all-inclusive talks on the future of Somalia", Associated Press, 2007-02-09. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Retrieved on 2007-02-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.  
  3. ^ a b United States Department of State (2008-03-18). 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor "Designation of Al-Shabaab". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2008-03-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor
  4. ^ Bye Skille, Øyvind. "Hold dere unna Al-Shabaab", Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation, 2008-03-08. The Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation ( Norwegian: Norsk rikskringkasting AS) which is usually known as the NRK, is the Norwegian 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. Retrieved on 2008-03-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor (Norwegian) 
  5. ^ "16 mars - om Säpo och om bankernas vinster". Agenda. Sveriges Television. Sveriges Television AB ( SVT,) is a national Television broadcaster based in Sweden, funded by an obligatory fee payable by all Television -owners SVT1. SVT1 is the primary television station of the Swedish public service broadcaster Sveriges Television in Sweden. 2008-03-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king 29 minutes in.
  6. ^ "Extremist" Splinter Group Of Somali Islamic Courts Formed Somaliland Times
  7. ^ Former Members of Radical Somali Group Give Details of Their Group Voice of America
  8. ^ Fall of Mogadishu leaves US policy in ruins The Guardian
  9. ^ a b c d Report of the Monitoring Group on Somalia pursuant to Security Council resolution 1676, November 2006 Monitoring Group on Somalia, UN (PDF Format)
  10. ^ Ethiopian troops to leave Somalia 'within weeks' The Guardian
  11. ^ Disbanded Militant Youth Group in Somalia Support Al-Qaida Message
  12. ^ Somalia Enters a Devolutionary Cycle. Voice of America ( VOA) is the official external radio and Television broadcasting service of the United States federal government. Power and Interest News Report (PINR) (2007-02-02). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Retrieved on 2007-02-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire.
  13. ^ "Somali extremists post video warning to peacekeepers", Associated Press, 2007-01-31. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes  
  14. ^ "Somalia: New group claims Mogadishu attacks", SomaliNet, 2007-02-09. SomaliNet is a Somali networking website created in May 1998 Somalinet contains News, Chat ( IRC) forums, an online Dating service Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Retrieved on 2007-02-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead  
  15. ^ "Somalia’s army commander sacked as new ambassadors are appointed", Shabelle Media Network, 2007-02-10. Shabelle Media Network is a Somalian Television and Radio network founded in Merca Somalia in 2002. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Retrieved on 2007-02-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead  

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