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For other uses, see al-Aqsa.
For the nearby structure, see Dome of the Rock
Southern wall of the Temple Mount. The dome of the Al Aqsa Mosque can be seen.
Southern wall of the Temple Mount. The Dome of the Rock ( Arabic: مسجد قبة الصخرة translit The Temple Mount ( הַר הַבַּיִת, Har haBáyit) also called the Noble Sanctuary ( الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram The dome of the Al Aqsa Mosque can be seen.
The front entrance to the Al-Aqsa Mosque.
The front entrance to the Al-Aqsa Mosque.

Al-Aqsa Mosque (The Farthest Mosque) (Arabic: المسجد الاقصى, [IPA /æl'mæsdʒɪd æl'ɑqsˁɑ/, Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa (help·info)), commonly refers to the southern congregational mosque located in Jerusalem, though according to Islamic law the entire complex known today as Al-Haram al-Qudsi al-Sharif (The Noble Sanctuary) to Muslims, including the Dome of the Rock, is considered part of the Al-Aqsa Mosque. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Dome of the Rock ( Arabic: مسجد قبة الصخرة translit [1][2][3] It is located in East Jerusalem. East Jerusalem refers to the part of Jerusalem captured by Jordan in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and subsequently by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War.

The Mosque's congregation building can accommodate about 5,000 people worshipping inside it, while the whole Al-Aqsa Mosque compound area may accommodate hundreds of thousands. [4]

Non-Muslims were barred from entering the site in 2000 but the restriction was lifted in 2003. During times of increased security only Muslims of a certain age are permitted to access the mosque. The government of Israel has granted a Muslim Council, Waqf, full administration of the site. A waqf ( plural, awqāf; vakıf wæqəf is an inalienable religious endowment in Islam, typically devoting a building or plot of land for Muslim [5]

Contents

Background prior to construction (in brief)

The site of the Mosque originally contained the Chanuyot storehouse for the Temple in Jerusalem. The chanuyot (or chanuyos in Ashkenazic Hebrew was the storehouse for the Temple in Jerusalem, where the Priests ( Kohanim Etymology The Hebrew name given in Scripture for the building is Beit HaMikdash or "The Holy House" and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name The Chanuyot was destroyed along with the Temple by Roman Emperor (then General) Titus in 70 CE. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Titus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Titus ( December 30 39 &ndash September 13 81) was a Roman Emperor who Year 70 was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Unlike the Temple, which was completely destroyed, a significant portion of the Chanuyot may have survived the destruction as the current mosque includes rows of ancient Corinthian columns that appear to predate the Islamic architecture, as visible in the photo to the right. Emperor Justinian built a Christian church on the site in the 530s and consecrated to the Virgin Mary by the name of Church of Our Lady. Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus ( Greek: Φλάβιος Πέτρος Σαββάτιος Ιουστινιανός; known in English as Justinian I or [6]. The church was later destroyed by the Persians in the early 7th century and left in ruins.

Construction

Interior of Al Aqsa mosque
Interior of Al Aqsa mosque

When Jerusalem came under the control of Muslims in 638, Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattāb (580-644) was given the key to the city by the Patriarch of Jerusalem, Sophronius. The Caliph is the Head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah Umar (a=عمر بن الخطاب|t=`Umar ibn al-Khattāb c 581-83 CE &ndash 7 November, 644) also known as Umar the Great or Omar the Great For the Bulgarian enlightener see Sophronius of Vratsa. Sophronius (born 560 in Damascus - died March 11, 638 He later asked the Patriarch to show him what Umar spelled out as "Masjid Dawud" (Mosque of David) and what was called "Mihrab Dawud" (David's sanctuary or prayer niche) in the Qur'an (38:21). David chose the site on which Solomon built his temple. The Patriarch took him to the door of the sanctuary which was almost blocked due to the trash that was placed at the door. Umar looked left and right and said: “Allah is Great, I swear by the one who holds my soul in his hand that this is the Mosque of David which the prophet of Allah described to us after his night journey. ”

Umar started cleaning up the place, using his clothes to remove the rubble and other Muslims imitated him in this. After cleaning up the place, Umar entered the building and started praying, reciting the Quranic sura Sad. Surat Sad ( Arabic: سورة ص) (The Letter Sad) is the 38th sura of the Qur'an with 88 Ayat. . Thereby Umar converted the building into a mosque, an Islamic place of prayer which did not infringe on nearby Christian and Jewish sites of worship. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth PLEASE TAKE NOTE************

Interior of Al Aqsa mosque showing the mihrab
Interior of Al Aqsa mosque showing the mihrab

Umar also asked Ka'ab al-Ahbar, a Jewish Rabbi who had converted to Islam and came with Umar from Medina, to guide him to the place of the Rock. A mihrab (محراب pl محاريب is a niche in the wall of a Mosque that indicates the Qibla, that is the direction of the Kaaba Ka'ab al-Ahbar ( كعب الأحبار) was a prominent Jewish Rabbi from Yemen, from the clan of Thee Ra-een or Thee al-Kila. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************

The building currently in existence is a result of different stages of construction and renovations. It is usually agreed upon that 'Abd al-Malik (685-705), the Umayyad Caliph who was the patron of the Dome of the Rock, started to reconstruct the mosque at the southern end of the precinct. Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (646-705 (عبد الملك بن مروان was the 5th Umayyad Caliph. The Dome of the Rock ( Arabic: مسجد قبة الصخرة translit This work was continued by his son and successor al-Walid I (709-715), who renovated and expanded the building and at this time called it Al-Aqsa Mosque, which means "the farthest mosque". Al-Walid ibn Abd al-Malik ( الوليد بن عبد الملك or Al-Walid I (668 - 715 was a wise and powerful Umayyad Caliph who ruled from 705

Further history

The building suffered from several major earthquakes and was renovated and reconstructed during the Abbasid period by Caliph al-Mahdi (775-785) and possibly by Caliph al-Mansur (754-775). Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Mahdi ( محمد بن منصورالمهدى) (ruled 775&ndash785 was the third Abbasid Caliph. Al-Mansur Almanzor or Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mansur (712&ndash775 Arabic: ابو جعفر عبدالله ابن محمد المنصور was the second A further reconstruction was executed during the Fatimid period in the 11th century.

Crusades

After Jerusalem was captured in 1099 as part of the First Crusade, the Kingdom of Jerusalem was established, and the Al-Aqsa Mosque was used as the royal palace of the Kings of Jerusalem. The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the dual goals of conquering the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land and freeing This article is about the Christian kingdom For the history of the city see History of Jerusalem The Kingdom of Jerusalem was a Christian is a list of Kings of Jerusalem, from 1099 to 1291 as well as claimants to the title up to the present day The Crusaders believed it to be built on top of the ruins of the King Solomon's Temple, and referred to the building as the Templum Salomonis, while the Dome of the Rock was called Templum Domini (The Temple of the Lord). Solomon's Temple (בית המקדש transliterated Beit HaMikdash) also known as the First Temple, was according to The Dome of the Rock ( Arabic: مسجد قبة الصخرة translit

Around 1119, King Baldwin II of Jerusalem also granted space in one wing to the a new order, which after this centre was called of the Knights Templar. Baldwin II of Jerusalem, formerly Baldwin II of Edessa, also called Baldwin of Bourcq, born Baldwin of Rethel (died August 21, 1131 The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order The Templars used the building as their headquarters until Saladin conquered the city in 1187, at which point the Templars moved their headquarters to the northern coastal city of Acre, which they held for the next 100 years, and then the island of Cyprus after that. Salahadin Ayyubi ( Arabic:صلاح الدين يوسف بن أيوب Kurdish: سه‌لاحه‌دین ئه‌یوبی Selah'edînê Eyubî; c Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía

After the crusades

Several major restorations took place during the 14th and 20th century.

Damage from earthquakes in 1927 and 1936 necessitated an almost complete rebuilding of the mosque, in the process of which ancient sections of the original mosque were brought to light.

It has been modified several times to protect it from earthquakes, which sometimes occur in the area, and to adapt to the changing needs of the local population. The form of the present structure has remained essentially the same since it was reconstructed by the Khalif Al-Dhahir in 1033 AD. It is said that he did not alter it from the previous architecture except to narrow it on each side

Modern history

The Al-Aqsa Intifada is named after the mosque[7] (related to Ariel Sharon's highly controversial visit to Judaism's holiest site, the Temple Mount, in September 2000), as are the Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades, an extremist militant group loosely aligned with the Palestinian Fatah faction. (אריאל The Temple Mount ( הַר הַבַּיִת, Har haBáyit) also called the Noble Sanctuary ( الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram The al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades (كتائب شهداء الأقصى is a coalition of Palestinian militias in

Some Jewish groups such as the Temple Mount Faithful have also expressed a desire to rebuild the ancient Jewish Temple somewhere on the Temple Mount on which the Al Aqsa Mosque is standing. The Temple Mount and Eretz Yisrael (Land of Israel Faithful Movement is a fringe Orthodox Jewish movement based in Israel that wishes to establish a Third Jewish Etymology The Hebrew name given in Scripture for the building is Beit HaMikdash or "The Holy House" and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name The Temple Mount ( הַר הַבַּיִת, Har haBáyit) also called the Noble Sanctuary ( الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram Israeli authorities have foiled the plans of the Gush Emunim Underground, a Militant group of Jews, to blow up the al-Aqsa Mosque. Gush Emunim Underground was a terrorist militant organization formed by prominent members of the Israeli political movement Gush Emunim, that existed from 1979

In the morning of August 21, 1969, a fire at Masjid al-Aqsa gutted the southeastern wing of the mosque. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The fire destroyed a priceless one-thousand-year-old wood and ivory pulpit (minbar) that had been sent from Aleppo by Saladin. The "twin" of this minbar (Saladin had them both made at the same time) is still extant in the mosque at the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron. The Cave of the Patriarchs ( Hebrew: מערת המכפלה Me'arat HaMachpela, Trans Hebron ( al-Ḫalīl or al-Khalīl, Standard Hebrew: Ḥevron Tiberian Hebrew: Ḥeḇrôn is the largest city in the West Bank, located in the south

Michael Dennis Rohan, a tourist from Australia, was arrested for the arson attack on August 23, 1969. Michael Dennis Rohan is an Australian citizen who gained worldwide infamy on August 21, 1969, when he attempted to set fire to the Al-Aqsa For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Rohan was a Protestant follower of an evangelical sect known as the Church of God. By his own admission, Rohan hoped to hasten the coming of the Messiah by burning down the al-Aqsa Mosque. Rohan told the court that he acted as "the Lord's emissary" on divine instructions, in accordance with the Book of Zechariah, and that he had tried to destroy the al-Aqsa Mosque in order to rebuild the Jewish Temple on the Temple Mount. The Book of Zechariah is a book of the Bible Old Testament and Jewish Tanakh attributed to the Prophet Zechariah. He was hospitalized in a mental institution, found to be insane and was later deported from Israel.

There has recently been much potentially dangerous bulging of the southern supporting wall of the Temple Mount. Some have accused Israel of weakening the walls of the mosque during alleged archaeological excavations that began in 1967 (and long since discontinued). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Others claim that the irresponsible excavations performed by the Waqf which are destroying Temple Relics and other historical artefacts are also causing the problems with the supporting walls. A waqf ( plural, awqāf; vakıf wæqəf is an inalienable religious endowment in Islam, typically devoting a building or plot of land for Muslim [8] In response to concerns about the structure's stability, renovations are being carried out by the Islamic Waqf Foundation. A waqf ( plural, awqāf; vakıf wæqəf is an inalienable religious endowment in Islam, typically devoting a building or plot of land for Muslim

The Muslim Waqf is in charge of the Al Aqsa mosque, along with most of the important Muslim shrines in Israel.

The mosque consists today of a seven bay hypostyle hall with several additional small halls to the west and east of the southern section of the building. In Architecture, a hypostyle Hall has a flat ceiling which is supported by columns as in the Great Hypostyle Hall at Karnak. Unlike most hypostyle-style mosques, the building does not have a clearly delineated courtyard unless one considers the whole Haram as its court. It was, until a few years ago, capped with a silver dome, but today is made of lead sheets, which together with the golden dome of the Dome of the Rock, formulate the icon of the Haram in Jerusalem.

Name

The name "Al-Aqsa Mosque" translates to "the farthest mosque" ("the remote mosque" according to some translations, such as that of Muhammad Asad), or 'The End' and is associated with the Isra and Mi'raj, a journey, Muslims believe was made around 621 by the Islamic prophet Muhammad(c. In Islamic tradition the Isra and Mi'raj (الإسراء والمعراج) are the two parts of a journey that Muhammad took in one night around the year 620 Muslims regard as Prophets of Islam ( Arabic: نبي) those non-divine humans chosen by Allah as Prophets IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics 570-632) on the winged steed Buraq, which was brought to him by the Archangel Gabriel. This article is about the creature of Islamic legend For the chemical element see Boron. Gabriel ( Latin: Gabrielus; Greek:, Gabriēl; Arabic: جبريل Jibrīl or جبرائيل This is often referred to in English as Muhammad's "night journey" . According to Qur'anic verse, Muhammad took the journey in a single night from "the sacred mosque" (in Mecca) to "the farthest mosque" (al-Masjid al-Aqsa). Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored From a rock there, Muhammad ascended to heaven, accompanied by Gabriel, touring heaven and receiving the commandments, including the five daily prayers, before returning to Earth and back to Mecca to communicate them to the faithful. The Foundation Stone ( Hebrew: אבן השתייה translit Even haShetiya) or Rock ( Arabic: translit EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored

The hadith narrator Imam Muslim reports that the companion of Muhammad Anas ibn Malik mentions that Muhammad said:

I came to the Buraq, I rode it until we arrived at Bayt al-Maqdis. Abul Husayn Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj Qushayri al-Nisapuri ( Arabic: أبو الحسين مسلم بن الحجاج القشيري النيشابوري (lived c In Islam, the Ṣaḥābah (الصحابة "Companions" were the companions of the Islamic prophet Muḥammad. Anas bin Malik' ibn Nadar al-Khazraji (c612-712, or died 709) was a well-known sahabi (companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. This article is about the creature of Islamic legend For the chemical element see Boron. This article explores the different names of Jerusalem and their linguistic natures etc I tied it to where the Prophets tie, then I entered the mosque I prayed two Rakaah, and then ascended to the heavens. The word (ركعة pl ركعات) refers to one unit of Islamic prayer or Salah.

This story was to become the raison d'être for Islam's two most important shrines in Jerusalem, al-Aqsa Mosque and Dome of the Rock,

In this regard, the Muslim scholar Ibn Taymiyah reports:

al-Masjid al-Aqsa is a name that refers to the whole area of the masjid that was built by Suleiman. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the The Dome of the Rock ( Arabic: مسجد قبة الصخرة translit Taqi ad-Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah ( January 22, 1263 &ndash 1328 was a Sunni Islamic scholar born in Harran, located Sulayman ( circa 985 BC - 932 BC, (سليمان is a prophet in the Qur'an who is known as King Solomon from the Bible. Some people today use the term to refer to the prayer house built by Umar bin al-Khattab at the front of this area. When Umar asked Ka'ab al-Ahbar: Where to build a prayer house for the Muslims. Ka'ab al-Ahbar ( كعب الأحبار) was a prominent Jewish Rabbi from Yemen, from the clan of Thee Ra-een or Thee al-Kila. Ka'ab al-Ahbar replied: behind the Rock. Ka'ab al-Ahbar ( كعب الأحبار) was a prominent Jewish Rabbi from Yemen, from the clan of Thee Ra-een or Thee al-Kila. Umar said: No, but I will build it in front of the Rock because we always pray at the front of mosques. Therefore, Imams usually if they enter the masjid area, they gather people and stand to lead the prayers in the house built by Umar.

The muslims scholar al Tabari reports in Tarikh al-Tabari:

Umar Ibn al-Khattab asked Kaab: Where should we pray? He said: towards the Rock. Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838-923 أبو جعفر محمد بن جرير الطبري was one of the earliest most prominent and famous Persian Historians The History of the Prophets and Kings (Persian تاریخ طبری, Arabic تاريخ الرسل والملوك Tarikh al-Rusul wa al-Muluk, popularly known Tarikh al-Tabari Umar replied: Oh, Ka'ab!(Ka'ab al-Ahbar) You are glorifying Judaism. Ka'ab al-Ahbar ( كعب الأحبار) was a prominent Jewish Rabbi from Yemen, from the clan of Thee Ra-een or Thee al-Kila. But I will make the Qibla of this masjid at its front just like the Prophet of Allah made the Qibla of all our masajid at its front. [9]

Regarding the name, other sources mention the following:

Originally the term al-Masjid al-Aqsa was used to refer to the whole area of al-Haram al-Qudsi al-Sharif with all what it holds from establishments including the Dome of the Rock built by Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan in 72 Hijri/691 A. D. , which is considered among the most notable Islamic structures. Today, the term al-Masjid al-Aqsa is also used to refer to the large Mosque in the southern part of al-Haram al-Qudsi". [10] "The Dome of the Rock structure resides at the heart of al-Masjid al-Aqsa, in the southeaster part of the Old City of Jerusalem, which is wide rectangular area extending 480 meters from the north to the south, and from the east to the west about 300 meters. This area constitutes what is almost fifth of the Old City. "[11]

Location of the “farthest mosque”

The "farthest mosque" in verse 17:1 of the Qur'an is traditionally interpreted by Muslims as referring to the site at the Noble Sanctuary in Jerusalem on which the mosque of that name now stands. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Al-Aqsa Mosque ( Arabic:المسجد الاقصى /æl'mæsdʒɪd æl'ɑqsˁɑ/ {{Audio|ArAqsaMosque Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the This is also confirmed by a number of hadith in which the farthest mosque is explicitly mentioned as being in Jerusalem. Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic According to this tradition, the term used for mosque, "masjid", literally means "place of prostration", and includes monotheistic places of worship such as Solomon's Temple, which in verse 17:7 (in the same sura) is described as a "masjid". Solomon's Temple (בית המקדש transliterated Beit HaMikdash) also known as the First Temple, was according to Many Western historians regard this as the originally intended interpretation, for instance Heribert Busse[12] and Neal Robinson[13]

It has been also mentioned explicitly by Muhammad himself that his night Journey was toward Bayt al-Maqdis as narrated in this hadith:

However some disagree, arguing that at the time this verse of the Qur'an was recited (traditionally at around the year 621), many Muslims understood the phrase "furthest mosque" as a poetic phrase for either a mosque established as an exclusively Muslim place of worship - in existence during Muhammad’s lifetime - (such as Medina [8], Jirana,[14] or Kufa [9]), or a mosque in Heaven, or as a metaphor. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics This article explores the different names of Jerusalem and their linguistic natures etc Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics Medina mɛˈdiːnə (المدينة المنورة ælmæˈdiːnæl muˈnɑwːɑrɑ or المدينة ælmæˈdiːnæ also transliterated into English as Kufa ( Arabic, ar الكوفة) is a city in modern Iraq, about 170 km south of Baghdad, and 10 km northeast of Najaf.

A number of factors are enumerated why they find it unlikely that this verse referred to a location in Jerusalem :

The Patriarch of Jerusalem handed over the keys of the city of Jerusalem to Umar. Umar (a=عمر بن الخطاب|t=`Umar ibn al-Khattāb c 581-83 CE &ndash 7 November, 644) also known as Umar the Great or Omar the Great Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the Umar (a=عمر بن الخطاب|t=`Umar ibn al-Khattāb c 581-83 CE &ndash 7 November, 644) also known as Umar the Great or Omar the Great The Muslims were now the masters of Jerusalem… As Umar entered the city he was greeted by the citizens with great enthusiasm. Umar said that he wanted to be led to some place where he could offer thanksgiving prayer to Allah. He was led to a church but refused to pray there on the ground that that would set a precedent for the Muslims of the following generations to forcibly convert churches into mosques. . . Umar stayed in Jerusalem for a few days…he founded a mosque at an elevated place in the city. This mosque came to be known as Umar's Mosque.
Actually the above passage informs us that there was no known (by the people) mosque in Jerusalem to pray in when Umar entered the city. Umar (a=عمر بن الخطاب|t=`Umar ibn al-Khattāb c 581-83 CE &ndash 7 November, 644) also known as Umar the Great or Omar the Great So, he laid the foundation of a mosque in Jerusalem as above mentioned that the door to the mosque was covered with trash.
Thus he asserts Muhammad never ascended to heaven from the Rock in Jerusalem and that another location was indeed meant by the "farthest mosque". The Foundation Stone ( Hebrew: אבן השתייה translit Even haShetiya) or Rock ( Arabic: translit
When Abed al-Malik ibn Marwan became caliph and his rival Ibn al-Zubayr held control of Hejaz, he feared that the people would be inclined towards him [Ibn al-Zubayr] when they made pilgrimage [to Mecca], because the only way they could enter Mecca and Medina was with Ibn al- Zubayr's permission and under his control. The Temple Mount ( הַר הַבַּיִת, Har haBáyit) also called the Noble Sanctuary ( الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (646-705 (عبد الملك بن مروان was the 5th Umayyad Caliph. The Caliph is the Head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah Abd Allah al-Zubayr or Ibn Zubayr or Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr' (624 - 692 (عبد الله بن الزبير was a Sahabi whose father was Zubayr ibn al-Awwam al-Hejaz (also Hijaz, Hedjaz; الحجاز al-Ḥiǧāz, literally "the barrier" is a region in the west of present-day Saudi Arabia Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored Medina mɛˈdiːnə (المدينة المنورة ælmæˈdiːnæl muˈnɑwːɑrɑ or المدينة ælmæˈdiːnæ also transliterated into English as Abd Allah al-Zubayr or Ibn Zubayr or Abdullah ibn az-Zubayr' (624 - 692 (عبد الله بن الزبير was a Sahabi whose father was Zubayr ibn al-Awwam . . Therefore, Abd al-Malik prevented people from making pilgrimage until [Ibn al-Zubayr was defeated and] the war ended. Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (646-705 (عبد الملك بن مروان was the 5th Umayyad Caliph. He began to build a large mosque in Jerusalem. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the . . It is from this point in time that some transmitters of traditions started to promote the religious significance of this mosque and turn it into the 'third to the two holy mosques' [of Mecca and Medina].
The article written by Egyptian columnist Ahmed Arafeh rejects the established Islamic doctrine that Muhammad's celebrated night journey took him from Mecca to Jerusalem. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics In Islamic tradition the Isra and Mi'raj (الإسراء والمعراج) are the two parts of a journey that Muhammad took in one night around the year 620 Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the He argues that the journey mentioned in the Quran's Surat al-Isra does not refer to a miraculous journey from Mecca to Jerusalem, but to Muhammad's emigration from Mecca to Medina. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Sura Al-Isra ( Arabic: سورة الإسراء, Sūratu al-Isrā, "The Night Journey " also called Sura Bani Isra'il Medina mɛˈdiːnə (المدينة المنورة ælmæˈdiːnæl muˈnɑwːɑrɑ or المدينة ælmæˈdiːnæ also transliterated into English as [19]
The Prophet said, "When the Quraish disbelieved me (concerning my night journey), I stood up in Al-Hijr (the unroofed portion of the Ka'ba) and Allah displayed Bait-ul-Maqdis (Jerusalem) before me, and I started to inform them (Quraish) about its signs while looking at it. Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic Quraish is also the name of a Surah in the Qur'an. Quraysh or Quraish (Arabic ar قريش In Islamic tradition the Isra and Mi'raj (الإسراء والمعراج) are the two parts of a journey that Muhammad took in one night around the year 620 The Kaaba ( Arabic: ar الكعبة; 'kɑʕbɑ or 'kæʕbæ "Cube" is a Cuboidal building in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and is the Allah ( Arabic: الله, ʔalˤːɑːh) is the standard Arabic word for ' " 6:60:233

Significance in Islam

First qibla

The historical significance of Al-Aqsa Mosque is further emphasised by the fact that Muslims used to turn towards Al-Haram al-Sharif when they prayed. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Temple Mount ( הַר הַבַּיִת, Har haBáyit) also called the Noble Sanctuary ( الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram

As it was the place at which Muhammad performed the first commanded prayer after Isra and Mi'raj, it became the qibla (direction) that Muslims faced during prayer and continued to be so for sixteen or seventeen months, 6:60:13. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics In Islamic tradition the Isra and Mi'raj (الإسراء والمعراج) are the two parts of a journey that Muhammad took in one night around the year 620 Qiblah ( ar قبلة, also transliterated as Kiblah) is an Arabic word for the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays during After a revelation recorded in the Qur'an the qibla was then turned towards Mecca:

We have seen you turning your face about the sky (searching for the right direction). The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored We now assign a qibla that is pleasing to you. Qiblah ( ar قبلة, also transliterated as Kiblah) is an Arabic word for the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays during Henceforth, you shall turn your face towards the Sacred Mosque. Al-Masjid al-Ḥarām ( ar المسجد الحرام ʔælmæsʤɪd ælħaram "The Sacred Mosque" is the largest Mosque in the world Wherever you may be, all of you shall turn your faces towards it. Those who received the previous scripture, know that this is the truth from their Lord. Allah is never unaware of anything they do. Even if you show the followers of the scripture every kind of miracle, they will not follow your qibla. Qiblah ( ar قبلة, also transliterated as Kiblah) is an Arabic word for the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays during Nor shall you follow their qibla. They do not even follow each others qibla. Qiblah ( ar قبلة, also transliterated as Kiblah) is an Arabic word for the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays during If you acquiesce to their wishes, after the knowledge that has come to you, you will belong with the transgressors.

—Qur'an, [Qur'an 2:144] - 145

For this reason Al-Haram al-Sharif, including the Al-Aqsa Mosque, is known to Muslims as the "First of the Two Qiblas". The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The Temple Mount ( הַר הַבַּיִת, Har haBáyit) also called the Noble Sanctuary ( الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram

The altering of the qibla was precisely the reason Caliph Umar, despite identifying the Rock upon his arrival at the Temple Mount in 638 neither prayed facing it nor built any structure upon it. The Caliph is the Head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah Umar (a=عمر بن الخطاب|t=`Umar ibn al-Khattāb c 581-83 CE &ndash 7 November, 644) also known as Umar the Great or Omar the Great The Foundation Stone ( Hebrew: אבן השתייה translit Even haShetiya) or Rock ( Arabic: translit The Temple Mount ( הַר הַבַּיִת, Har haBáyit) also called the Noble Sanctuary ( الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram This was because the significance of that particular spot on the Temple Mount was over in Islamic jurisprudence after the change of qibla event in Islamic ideology. The Temple Mount ( הַר הַבַּיִת, Har haBáyit) also called the Noble Sanctuary ( الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram Qiblah ( ar قبلة, also transliterated as Kiblah) is an Arabic word for the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays during

However, because of the holiness of Temple Mount itself, Caliph Umar did make a small mosque in the southern corner of its platform which initially was called "Mosque of Umar" and today is known as "Masjid Al-Aqsa", taking caution to avoid the Rock to come between the mosque and the direction of Kaaba so that Muslims would face only Mecca when they prayed. The Temple Mount ( הַר הַבַּיִת, Har haBáyit) also called the Noble Sanctuary ( الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram Umar (a=عمر بن الخطاب|t=`Umar ibn al-Khattāb c 581-83 CE &ndash 7 November, 644) also known as Umar the Great or Omar the Great The Foundation Stone ( Hebrew: אבן השתייה translit Even haShetiya) or Rock ( Arabic: translit The Kaaba ( Arabic: ar الكعبة; 'kɑʕbɑ or 'kæʕbæ "Cube" is a Cuboidal building in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and is the Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored [23]

In another illustration of how significance of the “first qibla” was diminished in Islam, the following hadith states:

Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Umar: People say, "Whenever you sit for answering the call of nature, you should not face the qibla or Bait-ul-Maqdis (Jerusalem). Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic Qiblah ( ar قبلة, also transliterated as Kiblah) is an Arabic word for the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays during " I told them. "Once I went up the roof of our house and I saw Allah's Apostle answering the call of nature while sitting on two bricks facing Bait-ul-Maqdis (Jerusalem) [but there was a screen covering him]. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics ' (FatehAl-Bari, Page 258, Vol. 1). [24]

—Hadith, 1:4:147

The importance of Al-Aqsa Mosque in Islam

  1. Masjid-al-Aqsa is one of the holiest sites in Islam because, it is where, according to Muslims, Abraham (the patriarch of the Abrahamic faiths) established his covenant with Allah and spread the teaching of monotheism. Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Abraham ( Ashkenazi   Avrohom or Avruhom; ابراهيم, {{Unicode|Ibrāhīm}}; Ge'ez: Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a Pater familias over an extended family For the Celtic Frost album see Monotheist (album In Theology, monotheism (from Greek grc [[wiktμόνος μόνος]] Muslims respect all the prophets revered by Judaism and Christianity and their venerated places are also central to the ethos of Islam. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Solomon was a prophet and revered by Muslims. King Solomon ( Ge'ez: ስለሞን Arabic: ar سليمان, Sulayman, all from the Triliteral root S-L-M, "peace"
  2. Judaism belief in the Temple of Solomon (Haykal Sulaiman) as the Noble Sanctuary is coherent with the Islam believe in Masjid al-Aqsa because the literal meaning of masjid does not mean a building or any specific place. Solomon's Temple (בית המקדש transliterated Beit HaMikdash) also known as the First Temple, was according to Al-Aqsa Mosque ( Arabic:المسجد الاقصى /æl'mæsdʒɪd æl'ɑqsˁɑ/ {{Audio|ArAqsaMosque Al-Aqsa Mosque ( Arabic:المسجد الاقصى /æl'mæsdʒɪd æl'ɑqsˁɑ/ {{Audio|ArAqsaMosque A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger The word Masjid derived from the root word "Saa Jaa Daa" in arabic which means (to prostrate) (act of worship). Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language In this case not only the Mosque of Umar is considered as Masjid al-Aqsa but the entire precinct too. The Dome of the Rock ( Arabic: مسجد قبة الصخرة translit Al-Aqsa Mosque ( Arabic:المسجد الاقصى /æl'mæsdʒɪd æl'ɑqsˁɑ/ {{Audio|ArAqsaMosque Muslims belief that the Temple of Solomon meant by the Jews was a Masjid and not a temple because Islam believes that all prophets conveyed the same message and prostrated to Allah during prayers. Solomon's Temple (בית המקדש transliterated Beit HaMikdash) also known as the First Temple, was according to A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger A temple (from the Latin word Templum) is a structure reserved for religious or spiritual activities such as prayer and sacrifice or analogous rites
  3. It was the site where Muhammad ascended to heaven during Isra and Mi'raj. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics Heaven may refer to the physical heavens the sky or the seemingly endless expanse of the Universe beyond In Islamic tradition the Isra and Mi'raj (الإسراء والمعراج) are the two parts of a journey that Muhammad took in one night around the year 620 (The main place, however, where Muhammad received most revelations, including the first, was in the cave of Hira where he meditated frequently during the first forty years of his life. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics Hira (حراء) or the Cave of Hira (غار حراء) is a cave on the peak named Jabal an-Nūr in the Hejaz region of present )
  4. The Mosque of Umar reminds all about the atrocity and devastation suffered by the inhabitant of Jerusalem during the Roman occupation. The Dome of the Rock ( Arabic: مسجد قبة الصخرة translit Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC It also signifies freedom of religion achieved by Jews which was granted to them by the Muslims after a long time.
  5. It was the first qibla, the second house (of worship) of Allah after Kaabah in Mecca, and the third holiest site in Islam. Qiblah ( ar قبلة, also transliterated as Kiblah) is an Arabic word for the direction that should be faced when a Muslim prays during The Kaaba ( Arabic: ar الكعبة; 'kɑʕbɑ or 'kæʕbæ "Cube" is a Cuboidal building in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and is the Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored There are many Holy sites in various Islāmic traditions For all muslims the Ka'bah is considered the Holiest shrine followed by Masjidun Nabawi ( The Prophet's Mosque

Second house of prayer established on Earth

Imam Muslim quotes Abu Dharr as saying:

"I asked the beloved Prophet Muhammad which was the first "mosque" [i. Abul Husayn Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj Qushayri al-Nisapuri ( Arabic: أبو الحسين مسلم بن الحجاج القشيري النيشابوري (lived c Jundub ibn Junadah ibn Sakan (Arabic جُندب بن جَنادة better known as Abu Dharr, Abu Dharr al-Ghafari or Abu Tharr Al-Ghefari (Arabic أبو ذر الغفاري IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics e. house of prayer] on Earth?"
"The Sacred House of Prayer (Masjid al-Haram), i. EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 e. Kaaba)," he said. The Kaaba ( Arabic: ar الكعبة; 'kɑʕbɑ or 'kæʕbæ "Cube" is a Cuboidal building in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and is the
"'And then which', I asked?"
"The Furthest House of Prayer (Masjid al Aqsa, i. e. Holy Temple)", he said. Etymology The Hebrew name given in Scripture for the building is Beit HaMikdash or "The Holy House" and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name
"I further asked, 'what was the time span between the two'?"
"Forty years," Muhammad replied.

Third holiest site

Main article: Holiest sites in Islam

Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem are recognized as the three most important sites in Islam according to interpretations of scriptures in the Qur'an and hadith. There are many Holy sites in various Islāmic traditions For all muslims the Ka'bah is considered the Holiest shrine followed by Masjidun Nabawi ( The Prophet's Mosque Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored Medina mɛˈdiːnə (المدينة المنورة ælmæˈdiːnæl muˈnɑwːɑrɑ or المدينة ælmæˈdiːnæ also transliterated into English as Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic References to Jerusalem and events in it have been made more than seventy times in the Qur'an, in various states of ambiguity, and many times in the hadith. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic [25]

Medieval scriptural references, as well as modern-day political tracts, tend to treat al-Aqsa Mosque as the third holiest site in Islam. [26] For example, the Sahih Bukhari quotes Abu al-Dardaa as saying: "the Prophet of Allah Muhammad said a prayer in the Sacred Mosque (in Mecca) is worth 100,000 prayers; a prayer in my mosque (in Medina) is worth 1,000 prayers; and a prayer in al-Masjid al-Aqsa is worth 500 prayers more than in an any other mosque. Abu Darda was one of the companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics Al-Masjid al-Ḥarām ( ar المسجد الحرام ʔælmæsʤɪd ælħaram "The Sacred Mosque" is the largest Mosque in the world Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored The Mosque of the Prophet (or Prophet's Mosque) ( Arabic: المسجد النبوي) /mæsʤıd ænːæbæwı in Medina, is the second holiest Medina mɛˈdiːnə (المدينة المنورة ælmæˈdiːnæl muˈnɑwːɑrɑ or المدينة ælmæˈdiːnæ also transliterated into English as In addition, the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, whose raison d'être is to "liberate Al Aqsa from the Zionist occupation", refers to the Al-Aqsa Mosque (in a resolution condemning Israeli actions in the city) as the third holiest site in Islam. The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC is an International organization with a permanent delegation to the United Nations. [27]

Some point to traditions which evidence that pilgrimage to al-Aqsa is not required. For instance, on the authority of Maimunah bint Sa’d, it is reported that, upon being asked about a person who is unable to travel to the Al-Aqsa Mosque he replied: "The Messenger of Allah (Muhammad) said, ‘He should make a gift of oil to be burnt therein, for he who gives a gift to the Al-Aqsa Mosque will be like one who has prayed Salaah (five daily ritual prayers of Islam) therein. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics Ṣalāt ( Arabic: صلاة‎, pl ṣalawāt, Qur'anic Arabic: صلوة ṣalawah) (also munz in Pashto and ’[28] This type of leniency is common in Islam: pilgrimage to the Ka'aba in Mecca is not obligatory for children, the sick, and those who are unable to bear the expenses for Hajj.

There are those who believe that the use of the term "Third Holiest" is driven by political motives and that Al-Aqsa mosque is not the third holiest site. Some believe that al-Aqsa is not one of Islam's holiest cities, and point to the politicized nature of construction on the Haram from the time of the building of the Dome of the Rock until present. They argue that this site is arguably the most contested religious site in the world and that the emphasis on al-Aqsa today is due to its construction on the Temple Mount precinct, considered the holiest site in Judaism. The Temple Mount ( הַר הַבַּיִת, Har haBáyit) also called the Noble Sanctuary ( الحرم القدسي الشريف, al-haram [29] Others point out that the term "third holiest city" would be better translated as "third holy city," denoting the order of designation of the holy cities of Islam rather than order of importance. They point to the literary genre al-Fadhail (history of cities), where we can see that perceptions of the value of Jerusalem varied, with some scholars insisting on the superiority of Jerusalem to Mecca or Medina. [30][31]

Islamic Background

According to the teachings of Islam, Allah in the Qur'an used the word Masjid when referring to the sites established by Abraham and his progeny as houses of worship to Allah centuries before the revelation of the Qur'an. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Abraham ( Ashkenazi   Avrohom or Avruhom; ابراهيم, {{Unicode|Ibrāhīm}}; Ge'ez: The first of these spots is Masjid al-Haram in Mecca and the second is Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. Al-Masjid al-Ḥarām ( ar المسجد الحرام ʔælmæsʤɪd ælħaram "The Sacred Mosque" is the largest Mosque in the world Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the Before Mecca and Jerusalem came under Muslim control in 630 to 638, the site of the Kaaba, which, according to the Qur'an was established by Abraham and Ishmael but at the time of Muhammad was used by pagans. The Kaaba ( Arabic: ar الكعبة; 'kɑʕbɑ or 'kæʕbæ "Cube" is a Cuboidal building in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and is the Ishmael ( Hebrew: יִשְׁמָעֵאל, Standard Yišmaʿel Tiberian Yišmāʿêl Arabic: إسماعيل IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning "country dweller rustic" is a word used to refer to various religions and religious beliefs from across the world In Jerusalem the site of Al-Aqsa Mosque, which was under Roman Empire, was an abandoned and abused area by the Romans but on which a house of worship established originally by Jacob forty years after his grandfather Abraham established the Kaaba and was used by succeeding prophets like David, Solomon, and Zacharias. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Jacob ( Hebrew: יַעֲקֹב, Standard   Yaʿaqov Tiberian   Yaʿăqōḇ; The Kaaba ( Arabic: ar الكعبة; 'kɑʕbɑ or 'kæʕbæ "Cube" is a Cuboidal building in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and is the David, Arabic: داوود or داود dawud, "beloved" was the second king of the united Kingdom of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible King Solomon ( Ge'ez: ስለሞን Arabic: ar سليمان, Sulayman, all from the Triliteral root S-L-M, "peace" Zechariah (Hebrew prophet -->In the Bible, Zechariah

In the Qur'an

So her Lord accepted her (i. e. Mary) with a good acceptance and made her grow up a good growing, and gave her into the charge of Zakariya; whenever Zakariya entered the sanctuary to (see) her, he found with her food. Zakariya ( Arabic: زكريا ( circa 100 BC - 20 AD the New Testament priest '''Zechariah''' or Zacharias is one of the prophets He said: O Marium! whence comes this to you? She said: It is from Allah. Allah ( Arabic: الله, ʔalˤːɑːh) is the standard Arabic word for ' Surely Allah gives to whom He pleases without measure.

—Qur'an, [Qur'an 3:37]

Then the angels called to him as he stood praying in the sanctuary : That Allah gives you the good news of Yahya verifying a Word from Allah, and honorable and chaste and a prophet from among the good ones. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran

—Qur'an, [Qur'an 3:39]

Glory to (Allah) Who did take His servant for a Journey by night from the Sacred Mosque to the farthest Mosque, whose precincts We did bless,- in order that We might show him some of Our Signs: for He is the One Who heareth and seeth (all things). The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran

—Qur'an, [Qur'an 17:1]

If you (i. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran e. Israelites) do good, you will do good for your own souls, and if you do evil, it shall be for them. See also History of ancient Israel and Judah According to the Bible, the Israelites were the dominant group living in the Land of Israel. So when the second promise came (We raised another people) that they may bring you to grief and that they may enter the mosque as they entered it the first time, and that they might destroy whatever they gained ascendancy over with utter destruction.

—Qur'an, [Qur'an 17:7]

So he (i. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran e. Zakariya) went forth to his people from his place of worship, then he made known to them that they should glorify (Allah) morning and evening. Zakariya ( Arabic: زكريا ( circa 100 BC - 20 AD the New Testament priest '''Zechariah''' or Zacharias is one of the prophets

—Qur'an, [Qur'an 19:11]

In Hadith

See also

References and footnotes

  1. ^ Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa is the oldest Islamic term name for the precinct and was generally used until the Mamluks, who coined the term "al-Haram al-Qudsi al-Sharif". The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran A list of 'famous' Mosques around the World: Africa See also List of mosques in Africa Asia There is much more to Muslim history than its military and political aspects this particular chronology is almost entirely of military and political nature Islamic architecture has encompassed a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day influencing the design and construction Islamic art encompasses the arts produced from the 7th century onwards by people (not necessarily Muslim) who lived within the territory that was inhabited by culturally (M. H. Burguoyne, Mamluk Jerusalem, London, 1987; Aref al-Aref, The Detailed in the History of Jerusalem, 1961, p. Aref al-Aref ( عارف العارف (1891-1973 was an Arab journalist historian and politician who served as mayor of East Jerusalem in 1950s 219; Oleg Grabar, The Haram al-Sharif: An essay in interpretation, BRIIFS vol. 2, no. 2 (Autumn 2000).
  2. ^ Ibn Taymiyah, A Great Compilation of Fatwa, Vol2, page 62. Taqi ad-Din Ahmad ibn Taymiyyah ( January 22, 1263 &ndash 1328 was a Sunni Islamic scholar born in Harran, located A Great Compilation of Fatwa (Arabic Majmu al-Fatwa al-Kubra) is a set of volumes on the Islamic religion written by 13th century
  3. ^ Palestinian Encyclopedia Volume 4, pp. 203
  4. ^ On December 31 1999, more than 400,000 Muslim worshiper attended the Friday Prayer at al-Aqsa Mosque compound [1]. See also [2] and [3]
  5. ^ Travel website with information about the mosque
  6. ^ CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Jerusalem (A.D. 71-1099)
  7. ^ Website detailing the intafada
  8. ^ [4](Hebrew)
  9. ^ Tarikh al-Tabari, Chapter: Fath Bayt al-Maqdis
  10. ^ Palestinian Encyclopedia Volume 4, pp. 203
  11. ^ Palestinian Encyclopedia Volume 3, pp. 23
  12. ^ Heribert Busse, Jerusalem in the Story of Muhammad's Night Journey and Ascension, Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam 14 (1991): 1–40
  13. ^ N. Robinson, Discovering The Qur'ân: A Contemporary Approach To A Veiled Text, 1996, SCM Press Ltd: London, pg. 192
  14. ^ al-Waqidi, Kitab al-Maghazi 9th century (Oxford UP, 1966, vol. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Abu `Abdullah Muhammad Ibn ‘Omar Ibn Waqid al-Aslami ( Arabic ar ' أبو 3, p. 958-9). Jirana, which Muhammad visited in 630, is about ten miles from Mecca. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored
  15. ^ Arthur Jeffrey, The Suppressed Quran Commentary of Muhammad Abu Zaid, Der Islam, 20 (1932):306)
  16. ^ Alfred Guillaume, Where Was Al-Masjid Al-Aqsa? Al-Andalus, (18) 1953: 323–36)
  17. ^ al-Waqidi, Kitab al-Maghazi 9th century (Oxford UP, 1966, vol. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Abu `Abdullah Muhammad Ibn ‘Omar Ibn Waqid al-Aslami ( Arabic ar ' أبو 3, p. 958-9).
  18. ^ A. L. Tibawi, Jerusalem: Its Place in Islam and Arab History, Beirut: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1969, pg. 9
  19. ^ / Jerusalem Post, October 7, 2003
  20. ^ Moiz Amjad, The Position of Jerusalem and the Bayet al-Maqdas in Islam, understanding-islam.com, Al-Mawrid Institute. Al-Mawrid is an Islamic research institute in Lahore, Pakistan founded in 1983 and then re-established in 1991. [5];
  21. ^ Ascension of the Prophet (sws), Renaissance, Al-Mawrid Institute, Vol. Al-Mawrid is an Islamic research institute in Lahore, Pakistan founded in 1983 and then re-established in 1991. 8, No. 7-8, July & August 1998. [6].
  22. ^ A Question on the Night Journey of the Prophet (pbuh) , understanding-islam.com, Al-Mawrid Institute. Al-Mawrid is an Islamic research institute in Lahore, Pakistan founded in 1983 and then re-established in 1991. [7]
  23. ^ The History of Al-Tabri
  24. ^ See Holy Temple, Hebrew: בית המקדש, Bet HaMikdash
  25. ^ el-Khatib, Abdallah (May 1, 2001). Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (838-923 أبو جعفر محمد بن جرير الطبري was one of the earliest most prominent and famous Persian Historians Etymology The Hebrew name given in Scripture for the building is Beit HaMikdash or "The Holy House" and only the Temple in Jerusalem is referred to by this name Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. "Jerusalem in the Qur'ān" (Abstract). British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 28 (1): 25–53. "The third section deals with the verses which imply ambiguous, but likely references to the same [i. e. Jerusalem]. The fourth section deals with the verses that imply ambiguous, but unlikely references. It was found that there are about 70 places in the Qur'an which fall into these two last categories. ". doi:10.1080/13530190120034549. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. “The third section deals with the verses which imply ambiguous, but likely, references to the same [i. e. Jerusalem]. The fourth section deals with the verses that imply ambiguous, but unlikely, references. It was found that there are about 70 places in the Qur'an which fall into these two last categories” 
  26. ^ (1999-09-01) in Wendy Doninger, consulting ed. : Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions. Merriam-Webster, 70. Merriam-Webster, which was originally the G & C Merriam Company of Springfield Massachusetts, is an American company that publishes reference books ISBN 0-877-79044-2.  , reviewed on Google books
  27. ^ Resolution No. 2/2-IS. Second Islamic Summit Conference. Organisation of the Islamic Conference (February 24, 1974). The Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC is an International organization with a permanent delegation to the United Nations. Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2006-11-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers  “RECALLING once again, the deep attachment of the Muslims to the Holy City of Jerusalem which for them is the First Qibla and the Third Holiest Shrine…”
  28. ^ Hadith of Imam Ahmad and Majah
  29. ^ Gilbert, Martin (1996). Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic Ahmed ibn Hanbal ( Arabic: ‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎أحمد بن حنبل‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‎ ‎‎‎‎‎‎‎ Ahmad bin Hanbal) (780 - TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Ibn Maja, full name Abu `Abdallah Muhammad ibn Yazid Ibn Majah al-Rab`i al-Qazwini Sir Martin John Gilbert, CBE, DLitt (born October 25, 1936) is a British Historian and the author of over eighty books Jerusalem in the Twentieth Century. Chatto and Windus. Chatto and Windus has been since 1987 an Imprint of Random House, the publishers LCCN 97-224015 ISBN 0701130709. The Library of Congress Control Number or LCCN is a serially based system of numbering cataloging records in the Library of Congress in the United  “Martin Gilbert describes how the Nazi mufti of Jerusalem raised money from an Indian prince to gild the dome and finance a publicity campaign throughout the Arab world to promote the mosques of Temple Mount as the third-holiest shrine in Islam, making them ‘far more prominent than they had been hitherto in the minds of Muslims everywhere. ’” 
  30. ^ Talhami, Ghada Hashem (February, 2000). The Modern History of Islamic Jerusalem: Academic Myths and Propaganda. Middle East Policy Journal. Blackwell Publishing. Retrieved on 2006-11-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers  “The holiness of Jerusalem was related to the rise and expansion of a certain type of literary genre, known as al-Fadhail or history of cities. The Fadhail of Jerusalem preserved the traditions of the Prophet regarding Jerusalem, the statements of various holy personages, and the city's popular lore. All of these inspired Muslims to embellish the sanctity of the city beyond its status in the holy texts. The greatest source of information for al-Fadhail was the hadith, the Prophet's traditions, which were beginning to be quoted extensively in the last third of the first Muslim century (the seventh century of the Christian era). The traditions were used to enumerate the values of visiting the city and al-Aqsa Mosque. Circulating widely during the Umayyad period, these traditions were often a reflection of the Umayyad policy of enhancing the religious status of Jerusalem. ”
  31. ^ Silverman, Jonathan (May 6, 2005). Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The opposite of holiness. Retrieved on 2006-11-17. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers  “After the prophet died in June 632 a series of successors, or caliphs, assumed authority as Islam's leaders. Between 661 and 750 the Umayyad Dynasty held the Caliphate and ruled from Damascus. During the time they ruled, on account of various internal and external pressures, the Umayyads exerted enormous effort to elevate Jerusalem's status, perhaps even to the level of Mecca. . . the Palestinian historian A. L. Tibawi writes, that building an actual Al Aqsa Mosque "gave reality to the figurative name used in the Koran. . . . " As Pipes points out, moreover, "it had the hugely important effect of giving Jerusalem a place in the Koran post hoc which naturally imbued the city with a higher status in Islam. " Which is another way of saying, before the Umayyads built Dome of the Rock and Al Aksa, Jerusalem had no status at all in Islam. Israeli scholar Izhak Hasson says: "construction of the Dome of the Rock and al-Aqsa mosque, the rituals instituted by the Umayyads on the Temple Mount and the dissemination of Islamic-oriented Traditions regarding sanctity of the site, all point to the political motives which underlay the glorification of Jerusalem among the Muslims. " In other words the sanctification of Jerusalem in Islam is based on the Umayyad building program. ”

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