 |
| Companies law |
|---|
| Corporation · Company |
| Partnership (General · Limited · LLP) |
| Cooperative |
| Sole proprietorship |
| United States: |
| S corporation · C corporation LLC · LLLP · Series LLC Delaware corporation Nevada corporation Business trust |
| UK/Ireland/Commonwealth: |
| Limited company (By shares · By guarantee) (Public · Proprietary) Community interest company |
| European Union/EEA: |
| SE · SCE |
| Other countries: |
| AB · AG · ANS · A/S · AS · GmbH |
| K.K. · N.V. · OY · S.A. · Full list |
| Doctrines |
| Corporate governance |
| Limited liability · Ultra vires |
| Business judgment rule |
| Internal affairs doctrine |
| De facto corporation and corporation by estoppel |
| Piercing the corporate veil |
| Rochdale Principles |
| Related areas of law |
| Contract · Civil procedure |
Aktiengesellschaft (IPA: ['aktsiəngəzεlʃaft]; abbreviated AG) is a German term that refers to a corporation that is limited by shares, i. Companies law (or the law of business associations) is the field of Law concerning business and other organizations A corporation is a separate legal entity usually used to conduct business Generally a company is a form of Business organization. The precise definition varies For partnership in cricket terminology see List of cricket terms A partnership is a type of Business entity in which partners In the commercial and legal parlance of most countries a general partnership or simply a Partnership, refers to an association of persons or an unincorporated A limited partnership is a form of Partnership similar to a General partnership, except that in addition to one or more general partners (GPs there are A limited liability partnership (abbreviated as LLP) has elements of Partnerships and Corporations. A sole proprietorship, or simply proprietorship ( Benjamen Clark An S corporation or S-corp, for United States federal income tax purposes is a Corporation that makes a valid election to be taxed under Subchapter S of A C corporation (or C corp) is a Corporation in the United States that for Federal income tax purposes, is Taxed under and Subchapter C ( et A limited liability company (abbreviated LLC or LLC) in the law of the vast majority of the United States is a legal form of business Company The limited liability limited partnership (LLLP is a relatively new modification of the limited partnership a form of Business entity recognized under U A Series LLC is a special form of a Limited liability company that provides liability protection across multiple "series" each of which is theoretically protected A Nevada Corporation is a Corporation chartered under the Laws of the U A Massachusetts business trust or MBT is a legal trust set up for the purposes of business but not necessarily in the state of Massachusetts. A limited company in the United Kingdom is a Corporation whose liability is limited by law A private company limited by shares is a type of company incorporated under the laws of England and Wales, Scotland, that of certain Commonwealth countries In British or Irish Company law, a company limited by guarantee is an alternative type of Corporation used primarily for Non-profit A Public Limited Company ( PLC, plc or plc or p l c is a type of Limited company in the United Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland which is A proprietary company is a form of Corporation in Australia that is limited by Shares. A community interest company (CIC is a new type of company introduced by the United Kingdom government in 2005 under The Community Interest Act 2004, designed The European Economic Area ( EEA) came into being on 1 January 1994 following an agreement between member states of European Free Trade Association (EFTAthe The Council Regulation on the Statute for a European Company of the European Union was adopted October 8 2001. TemplateExpert and TemplateExpert-subject, has been modified to include two WikiProjects and Portals (Expert-subject is limited to Aktiebolag (literally " share Company " or " Stock Company " is the Swedish term for " Limited An ansvarlig selskap is a Norwegian personal responsibility Company model mainly used in small-to-medium businesses which translates directly into "Responsible An Aktieselskab (abbreviated A/S) is the Danish name for a Stock -based Corporation. Aksjeselskap is the Norwegian term for a Stock -based Company. Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung ( GmbH) is a type of legal entity very common in Germany (where it was created in 1892 Austria nl '''''Naamloze Vennootschap''''' (usually abbreviated NV) is the Dutch term for a Public Limited liability Corporation. Osakeyhtiö, literally a " stock company " is the Finnish equivalent of a Limited company ( Ltd or LLC) or Gesellschaft For the art organization see Société Anonyme (art SA generally designates Corporations in various countries mostly those employing There are many types of business entity defined in the legal systems of various countries Corporate governance is the set of Processes customs Policies, laws and institutions affecting the way a Corporation is directed administered or controlled Limited liability is a concept whereby a person's financial Liability is limited to a fixed sum most commonly the value of a person's investment in a company or partnership Ultra vires is a Latin phrase that literally means "beyond the powers" The business judgment rule is an American Case law -derived concept in Corporations law whereby the "directors of a corporation. The internal affairs doctrine is a Choice of law rule in Corporations law. De facto corporation and corporation by estoppel are both terms that are used by Courts to describe circumstances in which a business organization that has The corporate law concept of piercing (lifting the corporate veil describes a legal decision where a shareholder or director of a Corporation is held liable for the The Rochdale Principles are a set of ideals for the operation of Cooperatives. A contract is an exchange of promises between two or more parties to do or refrain from doing an act which is enforceable in a court of law Civil procedure is the body of law that sets out the process that Courts will follow when hearing cases of a civil nature (a " Civil action " as opposed to The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. A corporation is a separate legal entity usually used to conduct business In financial markets, a share is a Unit of account for various financial instruments including Stocks Mutual funds Limited partnerships e. owned by shareholders, and may be traded on a stock market. A mutual shareholder or stockholder is an Individual or company (including a Corporation) that legally owns one or more shares of A stock market, or (equity market is a private or public market for the trading of company Stock and derivatives of company The term is used in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The United States equivalent term is "public company. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc " The equivalent term in the UK is PLC. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A Public Limited Company ( PLC, plc or plc or p l c is a type of Limited company in the United Kingdom or the Republic of Ireland which is It is generally considered equivalent to an S.A. when comparing with other civil-law jurisdictions. For the art organization see Société Anonyme (art SA generally designates Corporations in various countries mostly those employing Civil law or Romano-Germanic law or Continental law is the predominant system of law in the world.
Several countries have similar forms of company: Italy (Società per Azioni, S. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest p. A. ), Denmark (Aktieselskab, A/S), Norway (Aksjeselskap, AS), Sweden (Aktiebolag, AB), Poland (Spółka Akcyjna, S. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe An Aktieselskab (abbreviated A/S) is the Danish name for a Stock -based Corporation. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Aksjeselskap is the Norwegian term for a Stock -based Company. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Aktiebolag (literally " share Company " or " Stock Company " is the Swedish term for " Limited Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland A. ) Slovakia (akciová spoločnosť, a. Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million s. ), the Czech Republic (Akciová společnost, a. The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, s. ), Serbia (akcionarsko društvo, a. Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country d. ), and Finland (Osakeyhtiö, OY), among others. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Osakeyhtiö, literally a " stock company " is the Finnish equivalent of a Limited company ( Ltd or LLC) or Gesellschaft All have names that more or less literally translate to "Aktiengesellschaft" (for meaning see below), although their structures differ (for instance, an Italian S. p. A. is closer to a French S. A. than a German AG).
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Meaning of the word
The German word Aktiengesellschaft is a compound noun made up of two elements: Aktien meaning shares, and Gesellschaft meaning company. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. In financial markets, a share is a Unit of account for various financial instruments including Stocks Mutual funds Limited partnerships Gemeinschaft ( gəˈma͡ɪnʃaft and Gesellschaft are sociological categories introduced by the German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies for two However to translate it as "share company" is misleading, since other types of German company also have shares, although these shares are called Anteile rather than Aktien. A similar distinction exists in other languages; for example, in Polish the two types of share are called akcja and udział. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland.
Reasons for setting up a corporation
When a corporation is started, it often must collect a lot of money to pay for startup costs, and banks provide only a limited amount, especially if it is unknown whether that corporation is going to earn enough money to repay all the loans plus interest on time. A corporation is a separate legal entity usually used to conduct business However, some members of the public will take a risk and provide money in exchange for a piece of paper, or just a book entry, that can be sold to others on the stock market, and that has a value that fluctuates, depending on, for example, whether the shares concerned will pay dividends, and if so, how much per year, or what percentage of the current price of the shares. A stock market, or (equity market is a private or public market for the trading of company Stock and derivatives of company Dividends are payments made by a Corporation to its Shareholder members Also, shares usually come with voting rights, so shareholders can dictate the direction of the company, and the power one holds depends on the amount of shares that one possesses.
Legal basis
The legal basis of the AG is, in Germany and Austria, the respective Aktiengesetz (abbr. Aktiengesellschaft ('aktsiəngəzεlʃaft abbreviated AG) is a German term that refers to a Corporation that is limited by shares i AktG), in Switzerland a part of the Obligationenrecht (OR). As the law requires all corporations to specify their legal form (which gives the limitation of liability) in the name, all German and Austrian stock corporations bear Aktiengesellschaft or AG as part (usually suffix) of their name.
See also
- Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH; limited liability company)
- Public limited company (the corresponding concept in the UK and in Ireland)
- S.A. (the corresponding concept in France, Spain and several other countries)
- Naamloze Vennootschap (the corresponding concept in the Netherlands and Belgium)
- Aktieselskab (the corresponding concept in Denmark)
- Aksjeselskap (the corresponding concept in Norway)
- Aktiebolag (the corresponding concept in Sweden)
- Osakeyhtiö (the corresponding concept in Finland)
- Societas Europaea (the corresponding concept for European companies in the European Union)
- Types of business entity (international list of company types)
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