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For other uses of the word, or the acronym, see AIS.
Approximate territory of the Ais tribe in the late 17th Century
Approximate territory of the Ais tribe in the late 17th Century

The Ais, or Ays were a tribe of Native Americans who inhabited the Atlantic Coast of Florida. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the They ranged from present day Cape Canaveral to the St. Lucie Inlet, in the present day counties of Brevard, Indian River, St. Lucie and northernmost Martin. Cape Canaveral from the Spanish Cabo Cañaveral, is a headland in Brevard County Florida, United States, near the center of that The St Lucie Inlet Florida is located between Hutchinson Island and Jupiter Island in Martin County Florida, at coordinates. Brevard County is a county located in the US state of Florida, along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. Indian River County is a County located in the US state of Florida. St Lucie County is a County located in the state of Florida. The county seat is the City of Fort Pierce. Martin County is a County in the US state of Florida. As of 2000 the population was 126731 They lived in villages and towns along the shores of the great lagoon called Rio de Ais by the Spanish, and now called the Indian River. The Indian River is a waterway in Florida, a part of the Indian River Lagoon system which forms the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway.

Little is known of the origins of the Ais, or of the affinities of their language. The Ais language has been tentatively assigned by some authors to the Muskogean language family, and by others to the Arawakan language family. Muskogean (also Muskhogean, Muskogee) is an indigenous language family of the Southeastern United States. The Arawakan languages (also Arahuacan, Arawakanas, Arahuacano, Maipurean, Maipuran, Maipureano, Maipúrean

Observations on the appearance, diet and customs of the Ais at the end of the 17th Century are found in Jonathan Dickinson's Journal. Jonathan Dickinson (1663-1722 was a Quaker merchant from Port Royal Jamaica who was shipwrecked on the southeast coast of Florida in 1696 along Dickinson and his party were shipwrecked, and spent several weeks among the Ais in 1696. By Dickinson's account, the chief of the town of Jece, near present day Vero Beach, was paramount to all of the coastal towns from the Jaega town of Jobe (at Jupiter Inlet) in the south to approximately Cape Canaveral in the north (that is, the length of the River of Ais). Vero Beach is a city in Indian River County, Florida, USA. According to the U The Jaegas (also Jega, Xega, Geigas, Jobe) were a tribe of Native Americans living along the coast of present-day Martin Jupiter is a town located in Palm Beach County Florida. As of the 2000 census the town had a total population of 39328 Cape Canaveral from the Spanish Cabo Cañaveral, is a headland in Brevard County Florida, United States, near the center of that [1]

The Ais had considerable contact with Europeans by this time. Spain had established some control over the coast, with the Ais regarding the Spanish as comerradoes and non-Spanish Europeans as enemies. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. A number of Ais men knew a little Spanish, and a patrol of Spanish soldiers from St. Augustine arrived in Jece while the Dickinson party was there. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. St Augustine is the County seat of St Johns County, Florida, in the United States. There was one man in Jece who had been taken away on an English ship to work as a diver on a wreck east of Cuba. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la He got away when the ship put in for water in Cuba, and had made his way back to his home via Havana and St. Havana ( IPA: aˈβana officially Ciudad de La Habana, is the Capital city, major port and leading Augustine. The Ais had many European artifacts from ship wrecks. As there was a group from another English shipwreck in Jece when the Dickinson party reached the town, it may be presumed that European and African survivors of shipwrecks were fairly common along the coast. There was also some trade with St. Augustine. Dickinson reports that one man of Jece had approximately five pounds of ambergris, and that he "boasted that when he went for Augustine with that, he would purchase of the Spaniards a looking-glass, an axe, a knife or two, and three or four mannocoes (which is about five or six pounds) of tobacco. Ambergris ( Ambra grisea, Ambre gris, ambergrease, or grey Amber) is a solid waxy flammable substance of a dull gray or blackish "[2]

The Ais did not survive long after Dickinson's sojourn with them. Shortly after 1700 settlers in Carolina started raiding the Ais to capture slaves. The Province of Carolina from 1663 to 1712, was a North American British proprietary Colony, controlled by eight English noblemen By 1743, when the Spanish established a mission among them, the Ais numbers were declining due to slave raids, disease and rum. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Rum is a Distilled beverage made from Sugarcane by-products such as Molasses and sugarcane Juice by a process of fermentation The Ais were all but gone from the area by 1760. Some remained on the Island of John in the Indian River. (citation needed)

Contents

Diet

Dickinson stated that the Ais "neither sow nor plant any manner of thing whatsoever" (p. 36), but fished and gathered palmetto, cocoplum and seagrape berries. The cocoplum ( Chrysobalanus icaco) is a shrub (1 to 3 m or bushy tree (2 to 6 m rarely to 10 m that is found near sea beaches and inland throughout tropical Dickinson described the fishing technique of the neighboring Jaega people of Jobe thus:

[T]he Casseekey [of Jobe] . Cacique or Cazique (female form Cacica) from the Taíno word for the Pre-Columbian tribal chiefs or leaders, of the Taino . . sent his son with his striking staff to the inlet to strike fish for us; which was performed with great dexterity; for some of us walked down with him, and though we looked very earnestly when he threw his staff from him could not see a fish at which time he saw it, and brought it onshore on the end of his staff. Sometimes he would run swiftly pursuing a fish, and seldom missed when he darted at him. In two hours time he got as many fish as would serve twenty men[. ][3]

The Ais boiled their fish, and ate them from 'platters' of palmetto leaf:

About noon was some fish brought us on small palmetto leaves, being boiled with scales, head and gills, and nothing taken from them but the gut[. ][4]

Dickinson also recorded a gift of clams to his wife:

This day the Cassekey [of Jece] . . . made presents to some of us, especially to my wife; he gave her a parcel of shellfish, which are known by the name of clams; one or two he roasted and gave her, showing that she must serve the rest so, and eat them. [5]

The Ais dried some of the berries they gathered for future use:

This week we observed that great baskets of dried berries were brought in from divers towns and delivered to the king or Young Caseekey [of Jece. ][6]

Dickinson does not say anything about the Ais hunting, but they did use deer skins, and the neighboring Jaega people of Jobe gave the Dickinson party a hog they had killed.

Clothing

The Ais men wore a "loincloth" of woven palm leaves. Dickinson describes this as:

being a piece of platwork of straws wrought of divers colors and of a triangular figure, with a belt of four fingers broad of the same wrought together, which goeth about the waist and the angle of the other having a thing to it, coming between the legs, and strings to the end of the belt; all three meeting together are fastened behind by a horsetail, or a bunch of silkgrass exactly resembling it, of a flaxen color, this being all of the apparel or covering that the men wear. [7]

He has little to say on how the women dressed, recording only that his wife and female slaves were given "raw deer skins" with which to cover themselves after their European clothing had been taken away. Women of the Tequesta tribe, to the south of the Ais, were reported to wear "shawls" made of woven palm leaves, and "skirts” made from draped fibers from the Spanish dagger (Yucca), similar to the "grass" skirts of Hawaii. The yuccas comprise the Genus Yucca of 40-50 species of perennials Shrubs and Trees in the Agave family

Housing

Dickinson states that the town of Jece "stood about half a mile from the seashore within the land on the sound, being surrounded with a swamp, in which grew white mangrove trees, which hid the town from the sea. Laguncularia racemosa ( white mangrove; syn Conocarpus racemosa) is a Flowering plant in the family Combretaceae, native to the "[8]

Dickinson describes the Cacique's house in Santa Lucea as "about forty foot long and twenty-five foot wide, covered with palmetto leaves both top and sides. Cacique or Cazique (female form Cacica) from the Taíno word for the Pre-Columbian tribal chiefs or leaders, of the Taino There was a range of cabins, or a barbecue on one side and two ends. At the entering on one side of the house a passage was made of benches on each side leading to the cabins. "[9]

Subject tribes

The Surruque to the north and the Jaega to the south were politically subordinate to the Ais. Mayaca was the name used by the Spanish to refer to an Indian tribe in central Florida, to the principal village of that tribe and to the chief of that The Jaegas (also Jega, Xega, Geigas, Jobe) were a tribe of Native Americans living along the coast of present-day Martin

References

  1. ^ Andrews, Charles Mclean and Evangeline Walker Andrews. Charles McLean Andrews ( February 22, 1863 – September 9, 1943) was one of the most distinguished American Historians of 1945. Jonathan Dickinson's Journal or, God's Protecting Providence. Being the Narrative of a Journey from Port Royal in Jamaica to Philadelphia between August 23, 1696 to April 1, 1697. Yale University Press. Yale University Press is a book Publisher founded in 1908. It became an official department of Yale University in 1961, but remained Reprinted (1981) Port Salerno, Florida: Florida Classics Library.
  2. ^ Andrews and Andrews, p. 43.
  3. ^ Andrews and Andrews, p. 13.
  4. ^ Andrews and Andrews, p. 25.
  5. ^ Andrews and Andrews, pp. 25-6.
  6. ^ Andrews and Andrews, p. 39.
  7. ^ Andrews and Andrews, pp. 23-4.
  8. ^ Andrews and Andrews, p. 29.
  9. ^ Andrews and Andrews, p. 23.
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