Airbus A320 family
A300 · A310 · A320 · A330 · A340 · A350 · A380
Swiss International Air Lines A320-200
Type	Narrow-body jet airliner
Manufacturer	Airbus
Maiden flight	22 February 1987
Introduced	28 March 1988
Status	Active service
Primary users	US Airways United Airlines Air France Northwest Airlines
Number built	3,504 as of May 2008[1]
Unit cost	€47. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Swiss International Air Lines Ltd (short Swiss) is the principal Airline of Switzerland operating scheduled services in Europe and to North America narrow-body aircraft is an Airliner with a Fuselage Aircraft cabin diameter typically of 3 to 4 metres (10 to 13 ft and Airline seat arranged A jet airliner, sometimes contracted to jetliner, is a passenger Airplane (passenger Aeroplane) that is powered by Jet engines. An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts Airbus SAS (ˈɛərbʌs in English, Airbus2ogg|/ɛʁbys/]] in French, and /ˈɛːɐbʊs/ in German) is an aircraft manufacturing The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) US Airways Inc is the fifth largest Airline in the United States. United Air Lines Inc, trading as United Airlines ( is a major airline of the United States. Air France (formally Société Air France) is one of the world's largest Airlines Air France is based in Paris, France, and is a subsidiary of Northwest Airlines Inc (often abbreviated NWA) is the principal subsidiary 5 (US$73. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 3) million[2]

The Airbus A320 family of short- to medium-range commercial passenger airliners are manufactured by Airbus. An airliner is a large Fixed-wing aircraft with the primary function of transporting paying passengers Airbus SAS (ˈɛərbʌs in English, Airbus2ogg|/ɛʁbys/]] in French, and /ˈɛːɐbʊs/ in German) is an aircraft manufacturing Family members include the A318, A319, A320, and A321, as well as the ACJ business jet.

First delivered in 1988, the A320 pioneered the use of digital fly-by-wire flight control systems in a commercial aircraft. Aircraft flight control systems consist of Flight control surfaces, the respective cockpit controls connecting linkages and the necessary operating mechanisms to control Aircraft flight control systems consist of Flight control surfaces, the respective cockpit controls connecting linkages and the necessary operating mechanisms to control With more than 3,000 aircraft of the A320 family built, it is the second best-selling jet airliner family of all time after the family's primary competition, the Boeing 737. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Development

Background

After the initial success of the A300, Airbus began developing a new model aimed at replacing the world's most popular aircraft at the time, the Boeing 727. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The new Airbus would be of the same size, yet offer improved operating economics and various passenger capacities. The digital technology in the A320 would herald a two-generation technological leap over the all-analogue Boeing 727 and be a generation ahead of the Boeing 737-300/-400/-500 series. The A320 was targeted at the global fleet replacement requirements for the 727 and early variants of the 737.

Aer Lingus A320 At Amsterdam Schiphol Airport

The planform of an A320 is well shown on Finnair's second A320-200 just after takeoff

After the oil price rises of the 1970s, Airbus needed to minimise the trip fuel costs of the A320. Aer Lingus is the Flag carrier airline of Ireland. Based at Dublin Airport, it operates 41 Airbus aircraft serving Europe Africa and North Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the Netherlands ' main Airport, located 20 minutes (17 A planform or Plan view is a vertical Orthographic projection of an object on a horizontal plane like a Map. Finnair Plc is Finland 's largest Airline and the Flag carrier, with its headquarters in Vantaa, Finland and its main hub at Helsinki-Vantaa Takeoff is the phase of Flight in which an Aircraft goes through a transition from moving along the ground ( Taxiing) to flying in the air usually This article is about the price of crude oil see Gasoline usage and pricing for information about derivative motor fuels To that end, Airbus incorporated advanced features including fly-by-wire flight control, composite primary structures, centre-of-gravity control using fuel, glass cockpit (EFIS) and a two-person flight deck. Aircraft flight control systems consist of Flight control surfaces, the respective cockpit controls connecting linkages and the necessary operating mechanisms to control Composite materials (or composites for short are engineered Materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical A glass cockpit is an Aircraft cockpit that features electronic instrument displays. An electronic flight instrument system, or EFIS is a flight deck instrument display system in which the display technology used is electronic rather than electromechanical A cockpit is the area usually near the front of an Aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft The end result was that the A320 consumes 50% less fuel than the 727.

Bernard Ziegler was the initiator of the aircraft's then revolutionary fly-by-wire flight controls with sidestick cockpit controller and full glass cockpit. Bernard Ziegler (born March 12 1933) is the former Airbus senior vice president for engineering He successfully convinced aviation authorities of the concept's validity.

Production

Components from various Airbus plants are transported to the final assembly plant at Hamburg Finkenwerder for the A318/A319/A320/A321^[3] and to Toulouse Blagnac for the A320. Hamburg Finkenwerder Airport is an Airport in the quarter Finkenwerder, in the southwest part of Hamburg, Germany. Toulouse Blagnac International Airport or Aéroport de Toulouse - Blagnac is an airport located 6 Nearly all assemblies are moved using Airbus' A300-600ST 'Beluga' outsized transporters. The Airbus A300-600ST ( S uper T ransporter or Beluga is a version of the standard A300-600 wide-body Airliner

The Airbus A320s sold to China to be delivered between 2009 and 2012 will be assembled in the People's Republic of China in Tianjin. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES ( Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is the second largest city in northern coastal China. ^{[4] [5]} Airbus intends to relocate Toulouse A320 final assembly activity to Hamburg as part of its Power⁸ organization plan begun under ex-CEO Christian Streiff. Christian Streiff (born September 21, 1954) was the CEO of the aircraft manufacturer Airbus S ^[6]

The A320 family has the highest production rate ever for any commercial airliner. In response to continuing strong demand, Airbus continues its steady production ramp-up programme from 30 aircraft per month reached at the end of 2006, to 32 in early 2007, 34 in March 2008, 36 in December 2008, 38 in mid 2009 and 40 by the end of 2009. Tianjin production is included in these numbers. ^[7]

Design

The Airbus A320 family are low-wing cantilever monoplanes with a conventional tail unit with a single fin and rudder. They have a retractable tricycle landing gear and are powered by two wing mounted turbofan engines.

Compared to other airliners of the same class, the A320 features a wider single-aisle cabin (155. 5 inches (3,950 mm) outside diameter, compared to 148 inches (3,800 mm) in the Boeing 737 and 131. 6 inches (3,340 mm) in the Boeing 717) and larger overhead bins, along with fly-by-wire technology. In addition, the aircraft has a spacious cargo hold equipped with large doors to assist in expedient loading and unloading of goods.

Swiss International Air Lines's A319 taking off and A320 taxiing at Zürich International Airport. Swiss International Air Lines Ltd (short Swiss) is the principal Airline of Switzerland operating scheduled services in Europe and to North America Zürich Airport also called Kloten Airport, is located in Kloten, Canton of Zürich, Switzerland and managed by Unique Airport

The A320 features a computerised on-board maintenance system. With the exception of the very earliest A320s, most can be upgraded to the latest avionics standards, keeping the aircraft advanced even after two decades in service.

The flight deck is equipped with EFIS with sidestick controllers. A cockpit is the area usually near the front of an Aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft An electronic flight instrument system, or EFIS is a flight deck instrument display system in which the display technology used is electronic rather than electromechanical At the time of the aircraft's introduction, the behavior of the fly-by-wire system (equipped with full flight envelope protection) was a new experience for many pilots. In Aerodynamics, the flight envelope or performance envelope of an Aircraft refers to the capabilities of a design in terms of speed and altitude

Two suppliers provide turbofan engines for the A320 series: CFM International with their CFM56, and International Aero Engines, offering the V2500. A turbofan is a type of Jet engine, similar to a Turbojet. It essentially consists of a Ducted fan with a smaller diameter turbojet engine CFM International is a joint venture between GE Aviation of the United States, and Snecma of France. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout IAE International Aero Engines AG is a Zürich -registered Joint venture manufacturing company formed in 1983 WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Technology

The Airbus A320 family is the first to fully feature the glass cockpit and digital fly-by-wire flight control system in a civil airliner. A glass cockpit is an Aircraft cockpit that features electronic instrument displays. Aircraft flight control systems consist of Flight control surfaces, the respective cockpit controls connecting linkages and the necessary operating mechanisms to control The only analogue instruments are the RMI and brake pressure indicator.

Technology used in the A320 includes:

• The first fully digital fly-by-wire flight control system in a civil airliner. Aircraft flight control systems consist of Flight control surfaces, the respective cockpit controls connecting linkages and the necessary operating mechanisms to control
• Fully glass cockpit rather than the hybrid versions found in aircraft such as the A310, Boeing 757 and Boeing 767. A glass cockpit is an Aircraft cockpit that features electronic instrument displays. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
• The first narrowbody airliner with a significant amount of the structure made from composites. Composite materials (or composites for short are engineered Materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical
• The ECAM (Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitoring) concept, which is included in all Airbus aircraft produced after the A320. First introduced by Airbus in the A320, ECAM (Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor is a system that monitors aircraft functions and relays them to the pilots This system constantly displays information concerning the aircraft's engines, as well as other key systems such as flight controls, pneumatics and hydraulics, to the pilots on the two LCD displays in the centre of the flightdeck. ECAM also provides automatic warning of system failures and displays an electronic checklist to assist in handling the failure.
• Airbus recently started installing LCD (liquid crystal display) units in the flight deck of its new A318, A319, A320, and A321 flight decks instead of the original CRT (cathode ray tube) displays. The cathode ray tube (CRT is a Vacuum tube containing an Electron gun (a source of electrons and a Fluorescent screen with internal or These include the main displays and the backup artificial horizon, which was an analogue display prior to this. An attitude indicator (ADI also known as gyro horizon or artificial horizon, is an instrument used in an Aircraft to inform LCDs weigh less and produce less heat than CRT displays, this change saves around 50 kilos on the plane's total weight
• Even though the A320 family is technologically advanced, some of the computers at the heart of the fly-by-wire system are built around CPUs roughly equivalent to the Intel 8086. The 8086 is a 16-bit Microprocessor chip designed by Intel and introduced on the market in 1978 which gave rise to the X86 architecture While these chips may not offer anywhere near the performance of modern processors, they are incredibly stable and reliable.

New winglets

An Airbus A320 of Air Blue in Karachi, Sind, Pakistan. airblue is a private Airline based in Karachi, Pakistan. It is Pakistan's second largest airline with a 20% share of the domestic market (ڪراچي) is the largest city in Pakistan. It is the world's second largest city proper behind Mumbai in terms of population which exceeds 10 million Sindh ( Sindhī: سنڌ Urdu: سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and

Airbus A320 of TAM Airlines

In 2006, Airbus tested three styles of winglet, intended to counteract the wing’s induced drag and wingtip vortices more effectively than the previous wingtip fence. TAM Airlines ( Portuguese: TAM Linhas Aéreas) the Southern Hemisphere 's largest Airline; is based in São Paulo and operates scheduled Wingtip devices are usually intended to improve the efficiency of Fixed-wing aircraft. In Aerodynamics, lift-induced drag, induced drag, vortex drag, or sometimes drag due to lift, is a drag force that occurs whenever Wingtip vortices are tubes of circulating air which are left behind by the Wing as it generates lift. Wingtip devices are usually intended to improve the efficiency of Fixed-wing aircraft. Adoption of the new winglets was expected to reduce fuel consumption by one to two percent. The first design type to be tested was developed by Airbus and was based on work done by the AWIATOR program. The second type of winglet used a more blended design and was created by Winglet Technology LLC, a company based in Wichita, Kansas as well as the third type.

Two aircraft were used in the flight test evaluation campaign, the prototype A320 F-WWBA, which had been retained by Airbus for testing, which was fitted with both the first type and second type of winglets. ^[8][9] JetBlue Airways provided the second aircraft, retrofitted by Airbus with both types of winglets. ^[10][11]

Despite the anticipated efficiency gains and development work, Airbus announced that the new winglets will not be offered to customers, claiming that the weight of the modifications required would negate any aerodynamic benefits. ^[12] In addition, the change in forces from winglets add additional stress to the wing which would require long-term study to determine if structural integrity is compromised.

Operational service

The JAA issued the type certificate for the A320 on 26 February 1988. The Joint Aviation Authorities, or JAA, is an associated body of the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC representing the Civil aviation regulatory A Type Certificate, is awarded by aviation regulating bodies to aerospace manufacturers after it has been established that the particular design of a civil aircraft engine or propeller Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) After entering the market in March 1988 with Air France, Airbus expanded the A320 family rapidly, launching the 185-seat A321 in 1989 (first delivered in 1994), the 124-seat A319 in 1993 (first delivered in 1996), and the 107-seat A318 in 1999 (first delivered in 2003)^[13]. Air France (formally Société Air France) is one of the world's largest Airlines Air France is based in Paris, France, and is a subsidiary of

Competition

The Airbus A320 family have appealed to many low-cost carriers, such as EasyJet, directly rivaling the Boeing 737. EasyJet Airline Company Limited, styled as easyJet, is a low cost airline based at London Luton Airport. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

The A320 family was developed to compete against the Boeing 737 Classics (-300/-400/-500) and the McDonnell Douglas MD-80/90 series, and has since faced challenges from the Boeing 737 Next-Generation (-600/-700/-800/-900) and the Boeing 717 during its almost two decades in service. As of February 2006, the only remaining competitor to the larger A320 variants is the Boeing 737 Next-Generation series, as the other models have ceased production. Embraer's 195 jet is also a major competitor to the A318. Embraer -- IPA [ɪ̃ⁿbɾaˈɛɾ] -- the Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica S WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Airbus has shipped 3,471 A318/A319/A320/A321s since its certification/first delivery in early 1988, with another 2,668 on firm order (30 April 2008). Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common ^[1] Boeing has shipped 5,720 737s since late 1967 with a further 2,191 on firm order (30 April 2008). The Boeing Company is a major Aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common ^[14] Based on these figures Airbus delivered on average 174 A320 series aircraft per annum, compared to 143 for Boeing's 737.

Replacement aircraft

Airbus is studying a replacement for the A320 series, tentatively dubbed NSR, for "New Short-Range aircraft. Airbus NSR ("New Short Range" is a new project by Airbus that is intended to replace the Airbus A320. ^[15]

Airbus is considering partnering with Embraer for a replacement aircraft for the A320 series. Embraer -- IPA [ɪ̃ⁿbɾaˈɛɾ] -- the Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica S In July 2007 it was reported that it may be built in "8-9 years" or "2017 or later". ^[16]

The expected follow-on aircraft to replace the A320 is named A30X. Airbus North America President Barry Eccleston states that the earliest the aircraft will be available is 2017. ^[17]

Variants

Air France was the launch customer of the Airbus A320. Air France (formally Société Air France) is one of the world's largest Airlines Air France is based in Paris, France, and is a subsidiary of

Avianca Airbus A320-200

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This content has an uncertain copyright status and is pending deletion. Avianca SA ( Spanish Acronym: Aerovías del Continente Americano, formerly Aerovías Nacionales de Colombia) has been the national Airbus SAS (ˈɛərbʌs in English, Airbus2ogg|/ɛʁbys/]] in French, and /ˈɛːɐbʊs/ in German) is an aircraft manufacturing You can comment on its removal.

British Airways Airbus A319 landing at London Heathrow Airport. British Airways plc ( is the national Airline and Flag carrier of the United Kingdom and one of the largest in Europe

Airbus A319 of airberlin

easyJet Airbus A319-100 cabin, in flight. EasyJet Airline Company Limited, styled as easyJet, is a low cost airline based at London Luton Airport.

The A320 has given rise to a family of aircraft which share a common design but are slightly smaller (the A319), significantly smaller (the A318), or slightly larger (the A321). Passenger capacity ranges from 100 to 220. They compete with the Boeing 737, 757-200, and 717. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout All have the same pilot type-rating.

Technically, the name "A320" only refers to the original mid-sized aircraft, but it is often informally used to indicate any of the A318/A319/A320/A321 family. All variants are able to be ETOPS (Extended-range Twin-engine Operational Performance Standards) certified.

A320

The A320 series has two variants, the A320-100 and A320-200. The A320-200 is the definitive version as only 21 A320-100s were ever produced; these aircraft, the first to be manufactured, were delivered only to Air Inter, an airline later acquired by Air France, Air France and British Airways (as a result of an order from British Caledonian Airways made prior to its acquisition by British Airways) and are the only A320s that lack the distinctive "wingtip fences". Air Inter was incorporated on November 12, 1954. It operated its first commercial flight between Paris and Strasbourg on March 16, Air France (formally Société Air France) is one of the world's largest Airlines Air France is based in Paris, France, and is a subsidiary of British Airways plc ( is the national Airline and Flag carrier of the United Kingdom and one of the largest in Europe The A320-200 features wingtip fences and increased fuel capacity over the A320-100 for increased range; other than that differences are minimal. The last 5 A320-100 aircraft, operated by British Airways, were disposed of at the end of 2007.

Typical range with 150 passengers for the A320-200 is about 2,900 nautical miles (5,400 km). It is powered by two CFMI CFM56-5 or IAE V2500 with thrust ratings between 25,500 to 27,000 pounds force (113 kN to 120 kN). CFM International is a joint venture between GE Aviation of the United States, and Snecma of France. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

The direct Boeing competitor is the 737-800. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

A319

This is a shortened, minimum change version of the A320. With virtually the same fuel capacity as the A320-200, and fewer passengers, the range with 124 passengers in a two-class configuration extends to 3,900 nautical miles (7,200 km), the highest in its class. The A320 and A319 are the most popular variants of the A320 family. In 2003 easyJet took delivery of A319s with smaller galleys (as easyJet does not serve meals) and 156 seats in a single class configuration. EasyJet Airline Company Limited, styled as easyJet, is a low cost airline based at London Luton Airport. To satisfy evacuation regulations, additional over-wing exits were included.

With jet fuel prices rising dramatically, Northwest Airlines is replacing McDonnell Douglas DC-9 aircraft it has had in service for decades, because the A319 is 27% more fuel efficient than the DC-9. Northwest Airlines Inc (often abbreviated NWA) is the principal subsidiary McDonnell Douglas was a major American Aerospace manufacturer and Defense contractor, producing a number of famous commercial and military aircraft WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout ^[18]

The direct Boeing competitor is the 737-700. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

The large easyJet order of 120 A319s plus 120 options was among the biggest aircraft sales deals in recent times, rivaled only by chief competitor Ryanair's order for Boeing 737 aircraft. Ryanair (,) is an Irish Airline with headquarters in Dublin and its biggest operational base at London Stansted Airport in the UK

It is powered by the same types of engine as the A320. JAA certification and service entry, with Swissair, took place in April 1996. The Joint Aviation Authorities, or JAA, is an associated body of the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC representing the Civil aviation regulatory Swissair ( Swiss Air Transport Company Limited) was the former national Airline of Switzerland. It was the first commercial aircraft to land in Antarctica, on a flight from Australia.

A319CJ

This is the corporate jet version of the A319. It incorporates extra fuel tanks which are installed in the cargo compartment giving a range of 6,500 nautical miles (12,000 km). Upon resale the aircraft can be reconfigured as a standard A319 by removing its extra tanks, thus maximizing its resale value. It is also known as the ACJ, or Airbus Corporate Jet.

The A319CJ is used by the Escadron de transport, d'entraînement et de calibrage which is in charge of transportation for France's officials and was also ordered by the Flugbereitschaft of the Luftwaffe for transportation of Germany's officials. The Escadron de transport d'entraînement et de calibration 00 This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Since 2003, an ACJ is the main presidential aircraft of Brazil, Venezuela, Thailand, Czech Republic, and Malaysia. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and

The aircraft seats up to 39 passengers but may be outfitted by the customers into any configuration. Daimler AG and Reliance Industries are among its users. Daimler AG ( (formerly DaimlerChrysler AG) is a German car corporation (not to be confused with the British car-maker Daimler Motor Company) and Reliance Industries Limited ( NSE: RELIANCE is India 's largest Private sector conglomerate (and second largest overall with an annual The A319CJ competes with other corporate jets such as the Gulfstream V, the Boeing 737-700 based Boeing Business Jet (BBJ), and Bombardier's Global Express. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Bombardier Inc (bɔ̃baʁdje is a Canadian conglomerate, founded by Joseph-Armand Bombardier as L'Auto-Neige Bombardier Limitée in 1942 WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout It is powered by the same engine types as the A320.

A319LR

The A319LR is a standard A319 that incorporates some features and additional fuel tanks of the A319CJ. Airbus offers it in a standard airline layout, although many customers operate it in an all-business class layout with 48 seats, specifically tailored for exclusive business class services on intercontinental routes. The A319LR, compared to the A319CJ, has four auxiliary fuel tanks instead of six. Typical range is 4,500 nautical miles (8,300 km).

Lufthansa, KLM, Swiss International and Air France operate a premium business service between Europe and the USA using a fleet of A319LRs operated by the French Aero Services and the Swiss PrivatAir. KLM Royal Dutch Airlines ( Dutch: Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij, literally Royal Aviation Company; usual English translation Air France (formally Société Air France) is one of the world's largest Airlines Air France is based in Paris, France, and is a subsidiary of PrivatAir is an Airline based in Geneva, Switzerland, specializing in scheduled and charter flights using mid-sized long-range all premium class However, Qatar Airways fit their A319LRs with standard seatings with 110 seats. Qatar Airways Company QCSC (القطرية is the Flag carrier airline of Qatar, based in Doha. Air France operates the A319LR in a reduced density layout and flies it to the Middle East and central Asia.

The Australian Antarctic Division uses an A319-115LR aircraft, operated on their behalf by Skytraders, to provide an intercontinental link from Hobart, in Tasmania, to an ice runway near their research station at Casey on the Antarctic continent. The Australian Antarctic Division (AAD is a division of the Department of the Environment Water Heritage and the Arts. Skytraders is an Australian airline It is headquartered at Hurstville New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney, in Australia. Hobart is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass Casey Station is a permanent base in Antarctica managed by the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD located on Vincennes Bay. Each flight carries up to 40 passengers and up to 6 tonnes of cargo. ^[19]

The closest Boeing equivalent is the 737-700ER which has a maximum range of 5,510 nautical miles (10,200 km). WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

A321

Royal Jordanian Airbus A321-200

Like the shortened A319, the A321 is a minimum change, in this case stretched, development of the successful A320. Royal Jordanian Airlines ( Arabic: الملكية الأردنية transliterated: al-Malakiyah al-Orduniyah is an Airline based in Amman WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

The A321 program was launched in November 1989 and the first development aircraft first flew on March 11 1993. European certification was awarded in December that year.

Compared with the A320 the A321's major change is the stretched fuselage, with forward and rear fuselage plugs totalling 6. 93m (22ft 9in) (front plug immediately forward of wing 4. 27m/14ft, rear plug directly behind the wing 2. 67m/8ft 9in).

Other changes include strengthening of the undercarriage to cope with the higher weights, more powerful engines, a simplified and refined fuel system and larger tires for better braking. A slightly modified wing with double slotted flaps and modifications to the flight controls allows the A321's handling characteristics to closely resemble the A320's. The A321 features an identical flightdeck to that on the A319 and A320, and shares the same type rating as the smaller two aircraft.

The basic A321-100 features a reduction in range compared to the A320 as extra fuel tankage was not added to the initial design to compensate for the extra weight. To overcome this Airbus launched the longer range, heavier A321-200 development in 1995 which has a full pax transcontinental US range. This is achieved through higher thrust V2533-A5 or CFM56-5B3 engines and minor structural strengthening and 2900 litres (766US gal/638Imp gal) greater fuel capacity with the installation of an ACT (additional centre tank).

The A321-200 first flew from Daimler Benz (later DaimlerChrysler, now Daimler AG) Aerospace's Hamburg facilities in December 1996.

A318

The Airbus A318, in Airbus' new corporate livery in FIDAE in Santiago de Chile.

A pair of TAROM A318 at Bucharest Otopeni Airport

The A318, also known as the "Mini-Airbus" or "baby 'bus", is the smallest member of the A320 family. SC „Compania Națională de Transporturi Aeriene Române – TAROM” S Henri Coandă International Airport (Aeroportul Internaţional Henri Coandă is the busiest airport in Romania, as well as one of the two airports serving Bucharest It originated from the AVIC and Airbus Industrie Asia cooperation program AE31X^[20][21]. During development, it was known as the "A319M3," thus indicating its history as a direct derivative of the A319. "M3" indicates "minus three fuselage frames. " The aircraft is six metres shorter and 14 tonnes lighter than the A320. To compensate for the reduced moment arm it has a larger vertical stabilizer, making it 80 centimetres taller than the other A320 variants. In Physics, the moment of force (often just moment, though there are other quantities of that name such as Moment of inertia) is a Pseudovector The vertical stabilizers, or fins, of Aircraft, Missiles or Bombs are typically found on the aft end of the Fuselage or body Pilots who are trained on the other variants may fly the A318 with no further certification, since it features the same type rating as its sister aircraft.

The A318 has a passenger capacity of 109 in a two-class configuration. It is intended to replace early Boeing 737 and Douglas DC-9 models, though it is also a rival to the 737-600. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Boeing also offered their 717 aircraft as a competitor, although it was suitable primarily for regional routes and did not have the A318's range capabilities. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

The A318 is available with a variety of different maximum take-off weights (MTOW) ranging from a 59 tonne, 2,750 km (1,500 nautical mile) base model to a 68 tonne, 6,000 km (3,240 nautical mile) version. The Maximum Takeoff Weight or Maximum Takeoff Mass of an Aircraft is the maximum weight at which the pilot of the aircraft is allowed to attempt to take off The lower MTOW enables it to operate regional routes economically whilst sacrificing range and the higher MTOW allows it to complement other members of the A320 family on marginal routes. The lighter weight of the A318 gives it an operating range 10% greater than the A320, allowing it to serve some routes that the A320 would be unable to: London-Tel Aviv, London-New York and Singapore-Tokyo, for instance. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Tel Aviv-Yafo (תֵּל ־אָבִיב-יָפוֹ تل أبيب Tal ʾAbīb) (usually Tel Aviv) is the second-largest city in Israel London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Singapore officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. Its main use for airlines, however, is on short, low-density hops between medium cities. An airline provides air transport services for Passengers or Freight, generally with a recognized operating certificate or license

During the design process, the A318 ran into several problems. The first one was the decline in demand for new aircraft following the September 11, 2001 attacks. Another one was the new Pratt & Whitney turbofan engines, which burned more fuel than expected: by the time CFMI had a more efficient engine ready for market, many A318 customers had already backed out, including Air China and British Airways. Pratt & Whitney is an American Aircraft engine manufacturer of products widely used in both civil and military aircraft. A turbofan is a type of Jet engine, similar to a Turbojet. It essentially consists of a Ducted fan with a smaller diameter turbojet engine CFM International is a joint venture between GE Aviation of the United States, and Snecma of France. Not to be confused with China Airlines, the national airline of the Republic of China (Taiwan. British Airways plc ( is the national Airline and Flag carrier of the United Kingdom and one of the largest in Europe America West Airlines, which had selected the Pratt & Whitney engines, amended its A318 orders, opting instead for A319 or A320 aircraft. America West Airlines was one of the United States ' ten major Airlines The airline was based in Phoenix Arizona, and is now a part of US Airways Group Pratt & Whitney is an American Aircraft engine manufacturer of products widely used in both civil and military aircraft. Trans World Airlines canceled a significant order for 50 A318 after being acquired by American Airlines, which does not operate any A320 family aircraft (although, neither did TWA when the order was originally placed). Trans World Airlines ( TWA) renamed TWA Airlines LLC in 2001 was a major U American Airlines Inc (AA is a US -based airline and the world's Largest airline in total passenger miles transported and passenger fleet size While Airbus was hoping to market the A318 as a regional jet alternative, laws in both the U. The term Regional jet, or RJ, describes a range of short-haul Turbofan powered Aircraft, whose use throughout the world expanded after the advent S. and Europe have kept it in the same class as larger aircraft for calculating landing fees and the like, so regional operators have avoided it.

It is powered by two CFM56-5 or Pratt & Whitney PW6000 with thrust ranges between 21,600 to 23,800 lb (10,800 kg)_f (96 to 106 kN) thrust. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Pratt & Whitney is an American Aircraft engine manufacturer of products widely used in both civil and military aircraft. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Launch customers Frontier Airlines and Air France took deliveries in 2003, with Frontier receiving their models in July of that year. Frontier Airlines Inc is a low-cost Airline based at Denver International Airport in Denver Colorado, USA. Air France (formally Société Air France) is one of the world's largest Airlines Air France is based in Paris, France, and is a subsidiary of The price of an A318 ranges from $39 to $45 million, and operating costs are around $3,000 for a 500 nm (926 km) flight.

While designing the A318, Airbus included a number of technology upgrades, many of which have been integrated into the rest of the A320 family. Some are also finding their way to the A380 jumbo aircraft. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout These upgrades include:

• A new touchscreen LCD panel at the flight attendants' stations in the cabin, to simplify access to environmental and communications controls
• New cabin lighting based on LED light sources, instead of halogen and fluorescent bulbs
• Electrically powered backup braking systems, improving upon the older design using reserve hydraulic pressure
• The use of laser beam welding during construction, used to fasten floor stringers to the lower fuselage shell. Laser beam welding (LBW is a Welding technique used to join multiple pieces of metal through the use of a Laser. Laser welding eliminates the need for rivets to secure the joint, which saves weight, and is faster, saving on assembly time. A laser is a device that emits Light ( Electromagnetic radiation) through a process called Stimulated emission. Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials usually Metals or Thermoplastics by causing coalescence. A rivet is a mechanical Fastener. Before it is installed it consists of a smooth cylindrical shaft with a head on one end

Orders for the A318 have been quite slow, but about 50% better than for its direct competitor the B737-600. Airbus had received 100 orders (May 14, 2007) for this model compared to 69 for the B737-600. The sales pace has been influenced by the strong sales of the Bombardier CRJ900 and Embraer E-Jets series. Bombardier Aerospace is a division of the Bombardier group It is the third largest aircraft company in the world in terms of yearly delivery of commercial airplanes (behind WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Notable A318 customers were Air France, 18; Frontier Airlines, 10 (+ 1 order); LAN Chile, 20 orders; and Mexicana, 10 orders. Air France (formally Société Air France) is one of the world's largest Airlines Air France is based in Paris, France, and is a subsidiary of Frontier Airlines Inc is a low-cost Airline based at Denver International Airport in Denver Colorado, USA. LAN Airlines SA is an Airline based in Santiago Chile. It is the principal Chilean airline and one of the largest in South America with flights to In October 2006 an A318 was successfully tested at London City Airport for steep approach compatibility, which will allow operators to serve airports constrained by noise restrictions, tall buildings or difficult terrain. London City Airport is a single-runway Airport, intended for use by STOL (Short Take Off and Landing Airliners and principally serving the financial ^[22]

A318 Elite

On 10 November 2005 Airbus announced the A318 Elite. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Airbus A318 Elite is aimed at the medium-range market for flights of up to 4,000 nm (7400 km) range, with a choice of two cabin layouts seating up to 14 and 18 passengers, and will be powered by CFM engines. Comlux Aviation became the launch customer by ordering three A318 Elite aircraft. Comlux Aviation is a charter airline based in Switzerland. Fleet The Comlux Aviation fleet includes the following aircraft (at 12 July 2008

Freighter

A programme to convert planes in the A320 family to freighters is being set up by Airbus Freighter Conversion GmbH. Airframes will be converted by EADS EFW in Dresden (starting 2010) and Lukhovitsy (starting 2011). EADS EFW (EADS Elbe Flugzeugwerke GmbH, literally Elbe aircraft works is a subsidiary and business unit of EADS in Dresden. Dresden (etymologically from Old Sorbian Drežďany, meaning people of the riverside forest, Drježdźany is the Capital city of the German Lukhovitsy (Лухови́цы is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, located on the Oka River some 135 km southeast of Moscow ^[23]

A320 Enhanced

A320 Enhanced (or A320E) is the working title for an improved version of the A320, which is planed to be delivered in 2009. The improvements will incorporate engine improvements, an aerodynamic tidy-up, weight savings and a new cabin. ^[24] In flight tests two variants of new large winglets did not show efficiency improvements due to weight. ^[25][26]

Deliveries

By the end of May 2008 a total of 6161 aircraft of the A320 family have been ordered and 3504 delivered. ^[1]

List of Airbus A320 orders and deliveries

Accidents and incidents

The A320 nose gear malfunction of JetBlue Airways Flight 292 at Los Angeles International Airport. Last orders sorted by chronology Orders and deliveries List of orders deliveries and operators of the Airbus A320 family at See also JetBlue Airways Flight 292 was a scheduled flight from Bob Hope Airport (BUR in Burbank, California to John F Los Angeles International Airport is the primary Airport serving Los Angeles, California, the second-most populated metropolitan area of

(As of 30 May 2008 for the whole A320 family)

• Hull-loss Accidents: 17 with a total of 618 fatalities^[27]
  • 26 June 1988 - Air France Flight 296 crashed into the tops of trees beyond the runway on a demonstration flight at Habsheim, France. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common An aviation accident is defined in the International Civil Aviation Organization Annex 13 Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Air France (formally Société Air France) is one of the world's largest Airlines Air France is based in Paris, France, and is a subsidiary of Air France Flight 296 was a chartered flight of a newly-delivered Fly-by-wire Airbus A320 operated by Air France. Habsheim is a commune in the Haut-Rhin département, in Alsace, northeastern France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. 3 passengers were killed.
  • 14 February 1990 - Indian Airlines Flight 605, an A320-231 carrying 146 people crashed on its final approach to Bangalore Airport, killing 88 passengers and 4 crew members. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Indian Airlines or Indian ( Hindi: इंडियन एयरलाइंस or इंडियन was an airline based in Delhi India and focused primarily Indian Airlines Flight 605 was a flight on February 14, 1990 that crashed on its final approach to Bangalore airport killing 92 people HAL Bangalore International Airport, also known as HAL Airport or Hindustan Airport, is the Airport of the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited ^[28]
  • 20 January 1992 - Air Inter Flight 148, an A320-111 crashed into a high ridge near Mount Sainte-Odile in the Vosges mountains while on final approach to Strasbourg at the end of a scheduled flight from Lyon. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) Air Inter was incorporated on November 12, 1954. It operated its first commercial flight between Paris and Strasbourg on March 16, Air Inter Flight 148 was a scheduled airline flight on January 20, 1992 that crashed in the Vosges Mountains while circling to land at Strasbourg Mont Sainte-Odile (German Odilienberg) is a peak of the Vosges Mountains in Alsace in France Vosges (voːʒ is a French department, named after the Vosges mountain range. This accident resulted in the deaths of 87 of the aircraft's occupants (five crew members, 82 passengers).
  • 14 September 1993 - Lufthansa Flight 2904, in Warsaw an A320-211 coming from Frankfurt am Main with 70 people crashed into an earth wall at the end of the runway. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Lufthansa Flight 2904 was an Airbus A320-200 which overran the runway in Okęcie International Airport on September 14 1993. Warsaw Frederic Chopin Airport (Port Lotniczy im Fryderyka Chopina is an International airport located in the Frankfurt am Main International Airport, known in German as Flughafen Frankfurt am Main or Rhein-Main-Flughafen and in rest of Europe A fire started in the left wing area and penetrated into the passenger cabin. The copilot and a passenger died.
  • 22 March 1998, Philippine Airlines Flight 137, an A320-214 crashed and overran the runway of Bacolod City Domestic Airport, RPVB, in Bacolod, plowing through homes near it. Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Philippine Airlines Inc (abbreviated PAL) also known historically as Philippine Air Lines, is the national airline of the Philippines Philippine Airlines Flight 137 was a scheduled passenger flight from Manila 's Ninoy Aquino International Airport to Bacolod City Domestic Airport. Bacolod City Domestic Airport ( Filipino: Paliparang Domestiko ng Lungsod ng Bacolod, Hiligaynon: Domestiko nga Hulugpaan sang Dakbanwa sang Bacolod For the municipality in Lanao del Norte see Bacolod Lanao del Norte. None of the passengers or crew died, but many were injured and three on the ground were killed.
  • 23 August 2000 - Gulf Air Flight 072, an A320-212 crashed into the Persian Gulf on approach to Bahrain Airport. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Gulf Air (طيران الخليج is the Flag carrier of the Kingdom of Bahrain. On August 23, 2000, Gulf Air Flight 072 crashed into the Persian Gulf on approach to Bahrain International Airport from The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the Bahrain International Airport (مطار البحرين الدولي is an international Airport located in Muharraq, an island on the northern tip of All 143 passengers and crew on board lost their lives.
  • 3 May 2006 - Armavia Flight 967, an A320-211 crashed into the Black Sea while attempting to conduct a go-around following its first approach to Sochi Airport, Russia. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Armavia (Արմավիա is an Airline based in Yerevan, Armenia. Armavia Flight 967 was a flight operated by Armavia, the largest international airline of Armenia on May 3, 2006, from Yerevan The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey Sochi International Airport ( Russian: Международный Аэропорт Сочи is an airport located in Adler District of the resort city of Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending All 113 passengers and crew on board lost their lives. The accident was a Pilot error / Controlled flight into terrain accident. Pilot error (sometimes called cockpit error) is a term used to describe the cause of a crash of an airworthy Aircraft where the pilot is considered to be principally Controlled flight into terrain ( CFIT) describes an accident whereby an airworthy Aircraft, under pilot control inadvertently flies into terrain an ^[29]
  • 17 July 2007 - TAM Airlines Flight 3054 - PR-MBK, the A320-233 on the route, was not able to stop while landing at Congonhas International Airport in São Paulo, Brazil. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. TAM Airlines ( Portuguese: TAM Linhas Aéreas) the Southern Hemisphere 's largest Airline; is based in São Paulo and operates scheduled TAM Airlines Flight 3054 (JJ 3054 was a scheduled domestic passenger flight between Porto Alegre and São Paulo, Brazil. São Paulo ( is the largest city in Brazil, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld As of 2008 the cause of the accident is under investigation by Brazilian and international authorities. All 187 passengers and crew died with 12 fatalities on the ground.
  • 30 May 2008 - TACA Airlines Flight 390 - EI-TAF, the A320-233 from San Salvador overran the runway on its final approach to Toncontín International Airport in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, with bad weather conditions. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common TACA is the flag carrier of Central America, headquartered in San Salvador El Salvador TACA Flight 390 was a scheduled flight on May 30, 2008 by TACA Airlines from Los Angeles, California, United States San Salvador is the Capital and largest city of the nation of El Salvador. Toncontín International Airport is a civil and military Airport that serves Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Tegucigalpa (teɰusiˈɰalpa ( Teguz for short is the Capital city of Honduras and is also the country's largest city Honduras in Spanish, República de Honduras) is a democratic republic in Central America. At least 5 fatalities. ^[30]

• Other occurrences: 2 with a total of 0 fatalities
• Seven incidents of nose gear malfunction, including JetBlue Airways Flight 292

Specifications

Source: Airbus

See also

• Competition between Airbus and Boeing
  

Comparable aircraft

• Boeing 717
• Boeing 737
• Boeing 757-200
• Bombardier CSeries
• Embraer 195
• McDonnell Douglas MD-80/MD-90
• Tupolev Tu-204
• Yakovlev Yak-42D
• MS 21
  

Related lists

• List of airlines
• List of Airbus A320 operators
• List of Airbus A320 orders
  

References

External links

• Official Airbus website of the A320 aircraft family
• Airliners.net: History and pictures of the A320 family,
• Airbus A318, A319, A320, A321 Production List
• The A320 Project Website (Construction of A320 Simulator)
• A320 Flightsimulator (Construction of A320 Simulator)
• A320 series program suppliers at Airframer. com
• List of A320 flying