Air-cooled engines rely on the circulation of air directly over hot parts of the engine to cool them. An engine is a mechanical device that produces some form of output from a given input

A cylinder from an air-cooled aviation engine

Introduction

Most modern internal combustion engines are cooled by a closed circuit carrying liquid coolant through channels in the engine block, where the coolant absorbs heat, to a heat exchanger or radiator where the coolant releases heat into the air, and so on, ad infinitum. The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the Combustion of Fuel and an Oxidizer (typically air occurs in a confined space called a Antifreeze is a Cryoprotectant used in Internal combustion engines and for many other heat transfer applications such as electronics cooling and Chillers A heat exchanger is a device built for efficient Heat transfer from one medium to another whether the media are separated by a solid wall so that they never mix or the media Radiators and convectors are types of Heat exchangers designed to transfer Thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling Thus, while they are ultimately cooled by air, because of the liquid-coolant circuit they are known as water-cooled. In contrast, heat generated by an air-cooled engine is released directly into the air. Typically this is facilitated with metal fins covering the outside of the cylinders which increase the surface area that air can act on. In the study of Heat transfer, a fin is a surface that extends from an object to increase the rate of heat transfer to or from the environment by increasing Convection A cylinder is the central working part of a Reciprocating engine, the space in which a Piston travels It is worth noting that in all combustion engines, a great percentage of the heat generated (around 44%) escapes through the exhaust, not through either a liquid cooling system nor through the metal fins of an air-cooled engine (12%). About 8% of the heat energy finds its way into the oil, which although primarily meant for lubrication, also plays a role in heat dissipation via a cooler. Motor oil, or engine oil, is an Oil used for lubrication of various Internal combustion engines While the main function is to lubricate Moving Lubrication is the process or technique employed to reduce wear of one or both surfaces in close proximity and moving relative to each another by interposing a substance called Radiators and convectors are types of Heat exchangers designed to transfer Thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling [1]

Applications

Road vehicles

Many motorcycles use air-cooling for the sake of reducing weight and complexity. MotorCycle is the title of a 1993 album by Rock band Daniel Amos, released on BAI Records. Few current production automobiles have air-cooled engines, but historically it was common for many high-volume vehicles. Examples of past air cooled road vehicles include:

• Franklin
• Porsche 356 (1948-1965)
• Porsche 911 (1964-1998)
• The Volkswagen Beetle, Type 2, SP2, Karmann Ghia, and Type 3 all utilized the same air cooled engine (1938-2003)
• Volkswagen Type 4 (1968-1974)
• VW-Porsche 914 (1969-1976)
• Chevrolet Corvair (1960-1969)
• Citroën 2CV (1948-1990)
• BMW 247
• Some early Honda kei cars
• The East German Trabant (1957-1991)

Aviation

Most aviation piston engines are air-cooled, including most of the engines currently (2005) manufactured by Lycoming and Continental and used by major manufacturers of light aircraft Cirrus, Cessna and so on. The H H Franklin Manufacturing Company was a maker of Automobiles in the United States between 1902 and 1934 in Syracuse New York. The Porsche 356 was the company's first production automobile Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. The Porsche 911 (pronounced as Nine Eleven, Neunelfer is a Sports car made by Porsche AG of Stuttgart, Germany Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The Volkswagen Beetle, officially known as the type 1 and originally called ‘Käfer’ is an Economy car produced by the German auto maker Volkswagen The Volkswagen Type 2 (also known as Transporter) was the second automotive line introduced by German automaker Volkswagen. The SP2 was a sports car developed by Volkswagen do Brasil for that market from 1972 to 1976 the name is an Acronym for "São Paulo" The Karmann Ghia was marketed by Volkswagen as a 2+2 Coupe and Convertible combining the straightforward chassis and mechanicals of the Type 1 The Volkswagen Type 3, properly referred to as the Volkswagen 1500 and later the Volkswagen 1600, was a range of small cars from German manufacturer The Volkswagen air cooled engine is one of the most widely used and versatile Internal Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Volkswagen Type 4 was a mid-sized 2 or 4-door saloon or 2-door estate built by Volkswagen (VW of Germany. Year 1968 ( MCMLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. History Development By the late 1960s both Volkswagen and Porsche were in need of new models Porsche was looking for a replacement for their entry-level 912 Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Chevrolet Corvair was an Automobile produced by the Chevrolet division of General Motors from 1959 to 1969 for the 1960&ndash1969 Model Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Citroën 2CV ( French: deux chevaux vapeur, literally "two steam Horses quot from the Tax horsepower rating was an Economy car Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) () is a Multinational corporation, engine Manufacturer and engineering corporation headquartered in Japan. Kei car, K-car, or ( pronounced /keːdʑidoːɕa/ is a Japanese category of small Automobiles, including passenger cars The Trabant is an Automobile formerly produced by East German auto maker VEB Sachsenring Automobilwerke Zwickau in Zwickau, Saxony Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. A reciprocating engine, also often known as a piston engine, is a Heat engine that uses one or more reciprocating Pistons to convert Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Lycoming Engines' is an American Aircraft engine company known primarily for its General aviation Engines For most of its history Lycoming has been Continental Motors ( Teledyne Continental Motors) is an engine manufacturer located in Mobile Alabama. The Cirrus Design Corporation is an Aircraft manufacturer that was founded in 1984 by Alan and Dale Klapmeier to produce the VK-30 kit aircraft The Cessna Aircraft Company is an airplane manufacturing corporation headquartered in Wichita, Kansas. Notable exceptions have included the Allison V-1710 and Rolls-Royce series of (most well known, the Merlin V-1650) liquid-cooled V12 engines which powered P-51 Mustangs, Avro Lancasters, Hawker Hurricanes and Spitfires. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout "Lanc" redirects here Distinguish from Lank (adjective and from Amon Lanc (a place in Tolkien's fiction WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Other engine manufactures using air-cooled engine technology are ULPower and Jabiru, more active in the Light-Sport Aircraft (LSA) and ultralight aircraft market. ULPower Aero Engines is Belgian engineering company which manufactures engines specifically designed for light aircraft/rotorcraft use This article is about the aircraft For the Stork see Jabiru. The Jabiru Aircraft Company Pty Ltd produces a range of small civil utility Light-sport aircraft, or LSA, is a classification of Aircraft specific to the United States. Rotax uses a combination of air-cooled cylinders and liquid cooled cylinder heads. BRP-Rotax GmbH & Co KG, commonly known simply as Rotax, is an Austrian engine manufacturer

Diesel engines

Some small diesel engines, e. g. those made by Deutz AG and Lister Petter are air-cooled. Deutz AG ( is a German engine manufacturer History The company was founded by Nikolaus Otto, Lister-Petter is a British company that manufactures Internal combustion engines for Industry.

See also

• Watercooling
• Engine cooling