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Airén
Origin: Spain
Notable regions: La Mancha
Notable wines: Vinos de Madrid

Airén is a variety of Vitis vinifera, a white grape commonly used in winemaking. This list of wine-producing regions catalogues significant Growing regions where Vineyards are planted La Mancha is an arid fertile elevated plateau (610 m or 2000 ft Vitis vinifera ( Common Grape Vine) is a species of Vitis, native to the Mediterranean region, central Europe, and For the Tokyo University supercomputer see Gravity Pipe. GRAPE, or GRA phics P rogramming E nvironment is This grape is native to Spain where it represents about 30% of all grapes grown. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.

Contents

Description

Other Names for Airén

Airén is also known by the following other names:

General Information

The grapes have a cotton-like bud burst, which is bronze or yellowish in colour, with light reddish edge, and not very intense at the tip. Albacete is a city and Municipality in southeastern Spain, 278 km southeast of Madrid the capital of the province of Albacete in the autonomous ||-||-||} Córdoba ( Cordova in English is a City in Andalusia, southern Spain, and the capital of the province of Córdoba. Albacete is a city and Municipality in southeastern Spain, 278 km southeast of Madrid the capital of the province of Albacete in the autonomous Ciudad Real ( Spanish for Royal City) is a city in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain. The grapes have a trailing growing habit. The leaves of the Airén are average in size and have a pentagonal shape. The lower lateral sinuses are less marked than the upper ones and the upper face of the leaf is yellowish green in color while the lower face is velvety. The grape bunch is large in size and has an average compactness. It can grow in two different shapes: cylindrical or as a long cone. The grapes are large and spherical and have a yellowish color. The grapes are late to bud burst and also late to ripen. They yield about 4. 5 to 6 kg per vine. Further, this grape is very resistant to drought and the base buds are fertile and thus resists very short pruning and still have acceptable yields.

History

The first recorded mention of Airén was in 1615. In the XV century it was known as Lairén (as it is in the Córdoba region today) and is cited as such in Gabriel Alonso de Herrera’s “Agricultura General”. Gabriel Alonso de Herrera (1470&ndash1539 was a Spanish author best known for his Obra de Agricultura (Treatise on Agriculture published in 1513 under the patronage This author however preferred to call it “Datileña” because the grapes were bunched together like dates. He confesses to not having tasted the wine but states that “it is not very strong nor does it have much body” and also that “it would be better to make raisins from these grapes as they are very shapely and abundant”.

In 1807, Roxas Clemente describes two types of Layrén: the first is the one we know today as the modern Airén from La Mancha and second is a table grape as described by Herrera as the Datileña. Simón de Roxas Cosme Damián Clemente y Rubio (born in Titaguas ( Valencia Spain) on 27th September 1777 died in Madrid on 27th February 1827 was a renowned La Mancha is an arid fertile elevated plateau (610 m or 2000 ft The first reference by Roxas Clemente mentions that Airén is also known as Mantúo Laerén and Laerén de Rey. He describes this variety as follows:

“white-ish very hard shoots. Green-yellowish very hairy leaves, with shallow sinuses and short (dientes), which fall off late. Tightly clustered grapes, large, rather late in maturing, with visible veins”.

He says that this variety is grown in Sanlúcar, Xerez, Trebujena, Arcos, Espera, Moguer, Tarifa and Paxarete. Sanlúcar may refer to Sanlúcar de Barrameda, Cádiz Spain Manolo Sanlúcar, flamenco composer and guitarist Sanlúcar la Xerez Club Deportivo is a Spanish football team from Jerez, Andalusia. Trebujena is a city located in the province of Cádiz, Spain. Espera is a city located in the province of Cádiz, Spain. According to the 2005 Census, the city has a population of 3909 inhabitants Moguer is a town located in the province of Huelva, Andalusia, Spain. Tarifa is a small town on the southernmost coast of the Iberian Peninsula. He also mentions that it is grown in Valdepeñas and Manzanares, where it gives excellent wines for the production of exquisite spirits. Valdepeñas is a municipality in the Spanish province of Ciudad Real, in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha. The Manzanares is a River in central Spain, which at one point passes through Madrid. The second reference by Roxas Clemente to Layrén states that that this variety is synonymous to the Datileña. He describes it as:

“Thin vine, which sprouts at the normal time. Numerous shoots, very long, curly, entirely hairless, rather light brown-reddish in colour, very soft. Medium-sized leaves, somewhat irregular, somewhat lobed, with normally sharp sinuses, upper face smooth, the fall off early, yellowish colour. Sufficient quantity of bunches, well set in the upper part, set in the lower part. Grapes about ten ‘lines’ long and six and a half wide at the most, somewhat thin towards the tip, very frequently slightly concave on the side facing the stem and convex on the opposite side, quite golden, very translucent, very meaty early on, stem somewhat thick”. This grape, according to Roxas Clemente, is used for the production of raisins and to mix its must with that of the Ximénez variety, and in 1807 was grown in Sanlúcar, Xerez, Trebujena, Algeciras, Arcos, Espera, Moguer, Málaga, Motril, Albuñol, Adra y Paxarete. Algeciras - Arabic: الجزيرة الخضراء is a port city in the south of Spain, and is the largest urban area on the Bay of Gibraltar Motril is a town and Municipality on the Mediterranean coast in the province of Granada, Spain. Albuñol is a city located in the province of Granada, Spain.

In 1885, Abela stated that Mantúo Laerén, apart from the areas mentioned by Roxas Clemente, was also grown in the region of Córdoba (known there as Mantúo Lairén) and in the areas around Cáceres, Ciudad Real, Málaga, Sevilla and Toledo, where it was known as Lairén. Ciudad Real ( Spanish for Royal City) is a city in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Seville ( Spanish: Sevilla, see also different names) is the artistic cultural and financial capital of southern Spain. Toledo Spain locationpng|thumb|right|200px|Location of Toledo in Spain

In 1914, García de los Salmones mentioned the cultivation of Lairén in Madrid, Villacañas (Toledo), Tarancón (Cuenca), Campo de Criptana (Ciudad Real), Frejenal de la Sierra (Badajoz), Montefrío (Granada), Baeza (Jaén), Coin (Málaga), Fiñana (Almería), Cazalla de la Sierra (Sevilla), Espera (Cádiz) and Córdoba. Villacañas is a municipality located in the province of Toledo, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. Tarancón is a municipality located in the province of Cuenca, Castile-La Mancha, Spain. Campo de Criptana is a municipality and town in the province of Ciudad Real in the Autonomous community of Castilla-La Mancha ( Spain) Montefrío is a town and Municipality in the Granada province of southern Spain. Baeza is a town of approximately 15000 in Andalusia, Spain, in the province of Jaén, perched on a cliff in the Loma de Baeza, a mountain range main - title Coin keywords numismatics coin review Fiñana is a Municipality of Almería province, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, Spain. Cazalla de la Sierra is a small town in the province of Seville, in southern Spain. And as Airén in Albacete.

In 1954, Marcilla defined the Airén variety as a typical vine in the La Mancha region, grown almost exclusively in that area. Marcilla is a town and Municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain. He described it as a

“Trailing vine, very fertile including the first buds of the shoots, thus allowing very short pruning. Large bunches, quite tightly clustered”. Of the wine made from these grapes he states:
“Gives must from which excellent table wines can be made, and also fine, white wines with a distinctive taste, although this is not very common practice in La Mancha. The average alcohol content of these wines is about 12-14°, and in good years up to 15°. ”

He also mentions Lairén as being grown in Montilla (Córdoba) and in Extremadura.

In 1965, Fernández de Bobadilla described Mantúo Laerén as:

“Vine with a sturdy trunk, semi-erect shoots, of average length, large leaf, orb-like, wedge-shaped, with 5 lobes, deep upper lateral sinuses, and overlapping edges; marked lower sinuses, more or less intense green upper face, velvety lower face. Numerous bunches and very similar, very long and thin, cylindrical and not very compact. Fat grapes, ovoid shaped, greenish colour, slightly golden, thick stem, hard pulp not very juicy”. He says the following about its agronomic properties: “Late ripening variety, good for transporting, not very sweet must, which gives low quality wines, as indicated by its classification among the Montuos, or not very select varieties. Good to eat. ”.

In 1976, Hidalgo described Airén as follows:

“Low-lying structure. Adult leaf: pentagonal and wedge-shaped, average size, upper lateral sinuses with overlapping edges, lower sinuses lyre-shaped, hairless upper face, scratchy (arañoso) lower face, strong green colour. Large, loose bunches. Big grape size, regular yellow colour, spheroid shape, soft pulp. Average shoots, strong, very branched. ”

In the "Inventario Vitícola Nacional" by Hidalago and Rodríguez Candela (1971) Airén is cited as growing in Ciudad Real, Cuenca, Madrid, Málaga y Toledo. As Lairén is cited as growing in Córdoba, Jaén y Sevilla. As Valdepeñera or Airén grown in Albacete.

In Jancis Robinson’s "Guía de Uvas para Vinificación" (1996) Airén is cited as the most grown variety of grape in the world: with 423. Jancis Mary Robinson OBE, MW (born in Cumbria on April 22 1950) is a British Wine Critic, journalist 100 ha under cultivation, it exceeds Garnacha (Grenache) with 317. 500 ha, Mazuelo with 244. Carignan is a red Wine grape that originated in Cariñena Aragon and was later transplanted to Sardinia, elsewhere in Italy, France 330 ha, Ugni Blanc with 203. Trebbiano is a Grape variety that probably makes more white wine in the world than any other 400 ha, Merlot with 162. Merlot ('MERL-oh' in British English mer-LOH in American English and standard French is a red Wine Grape that is used as both a blending grape and for 200 ha and Cabernet Sauvignon with 146. Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most widely recognized red Wine grape varieties. 200 ha. She comments that it is the most common variety in Spain, comprising 30% of all vines. It is absolutely dominant in the Valdepeñas area and in La Mancha. She also comments that in the south of Spain it is known as Lairén.

In his book "Cepas del Mundo" (1997), Peñín gives the origin of Airén as being in La Mancha, from where two thirds of all the grapes grown in Spain come from. It is absolutely the dominant variety in this region, especially so in Ciudad Real and Toledo, and slightly less so in Albacete and Cuenca. It can also be found further south in Montilla-Moriles. Peñín describes the wine made from Airén as follows:

“Airén has had a bad press, more due to the processes used which never did it justice, rather than for the quality of the vine itself. In the past, there was a double problem of low productivity, due mainly to the low density of the plantations, along with the traditional method of fermenting in terra cotta fermentation vats. In addition, almost all the wine was sent to other regions to mix in with other musts or for distillation. In general, the wine [from Airén] are characterised by a pallid colour with yellow iridescences; in the nose, mature fruit can be noted (banana, pineapple or grapefruit), and in the mouth, despite a certain lack of acidity, they are quite tasty and pleasant, easy to drink, though not ‘elegant’. The best ones have a fresh bouquet of roses, with a fine harmonious taste that does not leave false tastes at the back of the mouth”.

Peñín goes on to comment on the agronomic characteristics: “Late sprouting and maturing variety. Alcoholic content of about 13 or 14°. The vine is perfectly adapted to the harsh arid climate of La Mancha, its calcareous soils, and at up to 700 m above sea level. It is very resistant to drought and to diseases, which explains its extensive planting after the phylloxera crisis”. This article is about the grape phylloxera For the Genus, see Phylloxera (genus.

From this bibliography, it can be observed that two types of Airén (Lairén or Layrén) are described: one is the variety extensively grown in La Mancha and which is cited in the first reference by Clemente, by Abela, by García de los Salmones, by Marcilla, by Hidalgo, by Jancis Robinson, and by Peñín. The second type of Airén (Layrén or Datileña) is a table grape used to produce raisins and which is described by Alonso de Herrera, in the second reference by Clemente, and by Fernández de Bobadilla. The first mention of the name Airén (currently the most widely used denomination to define this variety) is in the citation by García de los Salmones (1914) in the province of Albacete.

Regions

Airén is by far the most abundant in the Valdepeñas and La Mancha DO's, very abundant in the provinces of Ciudad Real, Toledo, and only slightly less so in Albacete and Cuenca. Valdepeñas is a municipality in the Spanish province of Ciudad Real, in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha. La Mancha is an arid fertile elevated plateau (610 m or 2000 ft Ciudad Real ( Spanish for Royal City) is a city in Castilla-La Mancha, Spain. Toledo is a province of central Spain, in the western part of the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha. Albacete is a city and Municipality in southeastern Spain, 278 km southeast of Madrid the capital of the province of Albacete in the autonomous It can also be found significantly in Madrid and as far south as Montilla-Moriles. Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. The Denominación de Origen of Montilla-Moriles is in the southern part of the province of Córdoba ( Andalusia, Spain)

Viticulture and Uses

Airén is allowed in the following DO's: Alicante, Bullas, Jumilla, La Mancha, Valdepeñas and Vinos de Madrid. ||-||} Alicante ( Spanish language) or Alacant ( Valencian) is a city in Spain, the capital of the province of Alicante and of the Bullas is a Municipality and town in the autonomous community of Murcia, southeast Spain. Jumilla is a Municipality and also a Wine -producing region in southern Spain. La Mancha is an arid fertile elevated plateau (610 m or 2000 ft Valdepeñas is a municipality in the Spanish province of Ciudad Real, in the autonomous community of Castile-La Mancha. Vinos de Madrid Denominación de Origen (DO is located in the southern part of the province of Madrid ( Spain) As Layrén it is allowed in Montilla-Moriles. The Denominación de Origen of Montilla-Moriles is in the southern part of the province of Córdoba ( Andalusia, Spain)

The Airén vine has an unusually low vine density (around 1500 vines per hectare), and so its vineyards cover more area than any other grape variety in the world. However, as trends move towards red wine, a huge number of the vines are being uprooted, not least because the grape produces an acidic and characterless wine. A consequence of this is that its principal use has generally been in the manufacture of brandy. Brandy (from brandywine, derived from Dutch brandewijn — “burnt wine” is a spirit produced by distilling Wine This grape is the main variety in Vinos de Madrid DO

References


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