Ainavillo was the toqui of the Mapuche army that tried to stop Pedro de Valdivia from invading their lands in 1550. Toqui (from the Mapudungun toki "axe axe-bearer" is a title conferred by the Mapuche (an indigenous Chilean people to those who are chosen as their leader The Mapuche are the indigenous inhabitants of Central and Southern Chile and Southern Argentina. Pedro de Valdivia (c 1500 - January 1, 1554) was a Conquistador and first royal governor of Chile. He lead about twenty thousand warriors in the the surprise night attack on Valdivia's camp in the Battle of Andalien. The battle of Andalien in early February 1550 was a night action between 20000 Mapuche under the command of their Toqui Ainavillo and Pedro de Valdivia After his defeat in that battle he gathered more warriors for an attack on Valdivia's newly constucted fort of Concepcion at Penco. Penco ( Mapudungun: " Peumo water" is a Chilean city and commune in Concepción Province, Biobío Region on the Bay of Leading an army of forty to sixty thousand warriors in three bodies against the fort in the Battle of Penco. The Battle of Penco, on March 12th 1550 was a battle between 60000 Mapuche under the command of their Toqui Ainavillo with his Araucan and Tucapel allies Ainavillo's command that had been previously defeated at Andalien, was recognized by Valdivia and picked out for a vigorous charge by all their cavalry following a softening up by volleys of their firearms. It was broken at the first onslaught and fled with the Spanish in pursuit, followed by the commands of the other Mapuche upon seeing the spectacle.
Sources
- Jerónimo de Vivar, Crónica y relación copiosa y verdadera de los reinos de Chile (Chronicle and abundant and true relation of the kingdoms of Chile)ARTEHISTORIA REVISTA DIGITAL; Crónicas de América (on line in Spanish) Capítulos XCV and XCVII
- Pedro Mariño de Lobera, Crónica del Reino de Chile , escrita por el capitán Pedro Mariño de Lobera....reducido a nuevo método y estilo por el Padre Bartolomé de Escobar. Edición digital a partir de Crónicas del Reino de Chile Madrid, Atlas, 1960, pp. 227-562, (Biblioteca de Autores Españoles ; 569-575). Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes (on line in Spanish) Capítulo XXXI
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