| Mohamed Ahmed Ben Bella | |
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| In office September 15, 1963 – 19 June 1965 |
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| Preceded by | Ferhat Abbas |
| Succeeded by | Houari Boumédiènne |
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| Born | December 25, 1918 Maghnia, Algeria |
| Political party | FLN |
| Religion | Muslim |
Mohamed Ahmed Ben Bella (Muhammad Ahmad Bin Balla) (Arabic: أحمد بن بلّة) (born December 25, 1918, Maghnia, Algeria) was the first President of Algeria, and seen by many as the Father of the Algerian nation. The President is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Algerian armed forces Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Ferhat Abbas ( 24 October, 1899 &ndash 23 December, 1985) ( Algerian: Ferḥat Ɛebbas Arabic: فرحات عباس was an Houari Boumédienne (original name Mohamed Ben Brahim Boukharouba) ( August 23, 1932 – December 27, 1978) (هواري بومدين Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Maghnia (مغنية (formerly Marnia) is a town in Tlemcen Province, northwestern Algeria, near the border with Morocco. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's The National Liberation Front ( Arabic: جبهة التحرير الوطني transliterated: Jabhat al-Taḩrīr al-Waţanī French: Front A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Maghnia (مغنية (formerly Marnia) is a town in Tlemcen Province, northwestern Algeria, near the border with Morocco. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's The President is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Algerian armed forces Pater Patriae (plural Patres Patriae) also seen as Parens Patriae, is a Latin Honorific meaning " Father Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's [1]
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Youth
Ben Bella was born in a small village in western Algeria during the height of the French colonial period to a Sufi Muslim family. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفیگری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion He attended school in Tlemclen and was disturbed by the discrimination towards Muslims by his European teacher. He failed his brevet exam, and subsequently dropped out of school.
Service with French Army
Ben Bella volunteered for service in the French Army in 1936. The French Army, officially the Armée de Terre (Land Army is the land-based component of the French Armed Forces and its largest The Army was one of the few avenues of advancement for Algerian Muslims under colonial rule and voluntary enlistment was common. Posted to Marseille he played center mid-field for Olympique de Marseille in 1939-1940[2]. Marseille, ( English alt Marseilles mɑrˈseɪ — French: maʁsɛj locally — Provençal Occitan: Marselha maʀˈsijɔ Olympique de Marseille (also known as l'OM or Marseille) is a football team that plays in Ligue 1, the top level of the French Football He was offered a professional spot on the team, but rejected the offer.
Ben Bella's eldest brother had also served in the French Army during World War I and died of his wounds. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Two other brothers died at young ages. In 1940 Ben Bella enlisted again and was awarded the Croix de Guerre. He was demobilised after the fall of France but joined a regiment of Moroccan tirailleurs (infantry) with whom he saw service throughout the Italian campaign. The 1st Moroccan Infantry Division was a French Army formation during World War II. Ben Bella was promoted to the rank of warrant officer and received the Medaille Militaire for bravery. A Warrant Officer ( WO) is a member of a military organization holding one of a specific group of ranks. He refused to accept an officer's commission after learning of the harsh French repression that followed a Muslim rising in the small Algerian town of Setif in May 1945.
Before independence
Following election as a municipal councillor Ben Bella became a founder member of an underground organisation pledged to fight colonial rule, known as the Organisation Spéciale. The Special Organisation ( French: Organisation spéciale) was a secret Paramilitary organisation in colonial Algeria, set-up by the Algerian This was the immediate predecessor of the Front de Libération Nationale. The National Liberation Front ( Arabic: جبهة التحرير الوطني transliterated: Jabhat al-Taḩrīr al-Waţanī French: Front Arrested in 1951 and sentenced to eight years imprisonment Ben Bella escaped from Blida prison, making his way to Tunisia and then Egypt.
At the outbreak of the Algerian War in 1954 Ben Bella was based in Cairo where he had become one of the nine members of the Revolutionary Committee of Unity and Action which headed the Front de Liberation Nationale. He was arrested by the French in 1956, after his airplane had been controversially intercepted and brought to France, and released in 1962. His arrest led to the resignation of Alain Savary, opposed to Guy Mollet's policies. Alain Savary (April 25 1918 - February 2 1988 was a French Socialist politician deputy during the Fourth and Fifth Republic, chairman of the Socialist Party Guy Mollet (31 December 1905 - 3 October 1975 was a French Socialist politician While in prison he was elected a vice-premier of the Algerian provisional government. A provisional government is an emergency or interim government set up when a political void has been created by the collapse of a previous administration or regime Ben Bella's first language was French, not Arabic. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language He learned Arabic while in prison. While in Egypt, Ben Bella met the Egyptian president, Gamel Abdel Nasser. Gamal Abdel Nasser (جمال عبد الناصر Gamāl ‘Abd an-Nāṣir; - January 15 1918 September 28 1970) was the second President When Nasser brought Ben Bella to speak for the first time to an Egyptian audience, he broke into tears because he could not speak Arabic. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language It has been said that he refused to teach his own daughter French because he wanted her to learn Arabic first and not be in the same position he was. Like many Arab militants of the time, he would come to describe himself as a "Nasserist" and developed close ties to Egypt even before independence was achieved. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Nasserism is an Arab nationalist Political ideology based on the thinking of the former Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Nasser's material, emotional and political support of the Algerian movement would come to cause him troubles, as it played a major role in France's choice to wage war on him during the 1956 Suez Crisis. The Suez Crisis, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression, (أزمة السويس - العدوان الثلاثي Crise du canal de Suez מבצע קדש Kadesh
Algerian independence
After Algeria's independence was recognized, Ben Bella quickly became more popular, and thereby more powerful. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's In June 1962, he challenged the leadership of Premier Benyoucef Ben Khedda; this led to several disputes among his rivals in the FLN, which were quickly suppressed by Ben Bella's rapidly growing number of supporters, most notably within the armed forces. Benyoucef Benkhedda ( بن يوسف بن خدة) ( February 23, 1920 – February 4, 2003) was an Algerian politician By September, Bella was in control of Algeria by all but name, and was elected as premier in a one-sided election on 20 September, which was recognized by the United States on September 29. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Algeria was admitted as the 109th member of the United Nations on 8 October 1962. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses
In 1963 he was elected President in an uncontested election, and also led Algeria's costly but ultimately victorious defense against Moroccan invasion in the Sand war. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa The Sand War or Sands War occurred along the Algerian Moroccan border in October 1963 and was a Moroccan attempt to claim the Tindouf and the After stabilizing the country, Ben Bella embarked on a series of popular but somewhat anarchic land reforms to the benefit of landless farmers, and increasingly turned to socialist rhetoric. His policy of Autogestion, or self-management, was adopted after the peasants seized former French lands. In balancing factions within the Algerian government, notably the FLN army, the former guerrillas and the state bureaucracy, his rule became increasingly autocratic. Eccentric and arrogant behaviour towards colleagues is said to have alienated many former supporters, and, while he promoted the development of his own cult of personality, by 1964 he was dedicating more time to foreign affairs than local political developments. In 1965, Ben Bella was deposed by army strongman and close friend Houari Boumédiènne in 1965, and placed under house arrest until 1980, when he was granted exile in Switzerland. Houari Boumédienne (original name Mohamed Ben Brahim Boukharouba) ( August 23, 1932 – December 27, 1978) (هواري بومدين Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation He lived for 10 years in Lausanne, but was allowed to return to his homeland in 1990. Lausanne ( pronounced, Losanna is a city in Romandy, the French -speaking part of Switzerland, situated on the shores of Lake Geneva
Ahmed Ben Bella was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on April 30, 1964 [3]
Recent activities
Ben Bella was elected President of the International Campaign Against Aggression on Iraq at its Cairo Conference. The title Hero of the Soviet Union ( Russian: Герой Советского Союза Geroy Sovyetskovo Soyuza) was the highest distinction in the Soviet Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. The International Campaign Against Agreession on Iraq (ICAAI is a campaign umbrella group launched in Cairo 2003 at the Cairo Anti-war Conference, to oppose the Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt. Ben Bella has described himself numerous times in interviews as an Islamist of a mild and peace loving flavor. Islamism ( Islam + ism; Arabic: al-'islāmiyya) a set of ideologies holding that Islam is not only Despite his former one party state he now vocally advocates democracy in Algeria. A single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a type of Party system Government in which a single Political party He has described the militant voice rising in the Islamic world as having developed from an incorrect and faulty interpretation of Islam. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. He is a controversial figure, but widely respected for his role in the anti-colonial struggle, and seen by many Arab intellectuals as one of the last original Arab nationalists. Arab nationalism ( Arabic: القومية العربية is a Nationalist ideology which rose to prominence amongst Arabs from the early 20th century onwards
See also
References
- ^ Entry on Egypt State information service
- ^ Ben Bella profile on om-passion, unofficial Olympique de Marseille site
- ^ (Russian)Biography at the website on Heroes of the Soviet Union and Russia
External links
- Ben Bella's biography from rulers.org
- Profile of the ruler
- French Biography
- BBC on June 20, 1965 - on the coup against Ben Bella. The Suez Triangle is a concept favoured in the political literature of the early 1980s Soviet Bloc.
- The liberation of the people in the South is still unachieved by Ahmed Ben bella, Voltaire Network, 9 May 2006. The Réseau Voltaire (Voltaire Network is an international non-profit organisation based in Paris.
| Preceded by Ferhat Abbas |
President of Algeria 1963–1965 |
Succeeded by Houari Boumédiènne |
| Preceded by none |
Prime Minister of Algeria 1962–1963 |
Succeeded by Position vacant until 1979 |
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