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Baitul Futuh Mosque of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, London
Baitul Futuh Mosque of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, London

  Part of a series of articles on
Ahmadiyya Islam
Branches
Ahmadiyya Muslim Community · Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement

Mirza Ghulam Ahmad
Prophecies · Claims · Death · Writings

Views & Belief
Five Pillars of Islam  · Quran  · Sunnah  · Hadith  · Jesus  · Prophethood  · Jihad  · Caliphate

Khalifatul Masih
of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community
Hakeem Noor-ud-Din · Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad · Mirza Nasir Ahmad · Mirza Tahir Ahmad · Mirza Masroor Ahmad

Emirs and scholars
of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement
Maulana Muhammad Ali · Sadr-ud-Din · Saeed Ahmad Khan · Asghar Hameed · Abdul Karim Saeed Pasha · Khwaja Kamal-ud-Din · Basharat Ahmad · Naseer Ahmad Faruqui

Literature
Barahin-e-Ahmadiyya  · Commentary on Surah Al-Fateha  · The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam  · Malfoozat  · Tafseer-e-Kabeer  · Revelation, Rationality, Knowledge & Truth
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Ahmadiyya (Urdu: احمدیہ Ahmadiyya), is a name used for two religious communities that arose out of Islam towards the end of the 19th century, originating with the life and teachings of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835-1908) from Qadian, in Punjab, India. The Bait´ul Futuh Mosque (engl House of Victories) is the largest Mosque in Western Europe The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community ( Arabic: الجماعة الأحمدية; transliterated: al-Jamā'a al-Ahmadīya) is the larger community of The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam, Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat-i-Islam (أحمدية أنجومان اشاعات الاسلام (not to be confused Mirza Ghulām Ahmad of Qadian ( ميرزا غلام احمد) ( February 13, 1835 – May 26, 1908 CE Shawal 14 1250 – See also Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Mirza Ghulam Ahmad is known to have made many Prophecies during his lifetime See also Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Mirza Ghulam Ahmad made various claims during his life though these were not made all at once but gradually The death of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad sparked controversy surrounding the validity of some of his prophecies Mirza Ghulam Ahmad is known to have produced a vast amount of literature The Five Pillars of Islam (Arabic أركان الإسلام is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Muslim. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Sunnah ar (سنة plural سنن Sunan literally means “trodden path” and therefore the sunnah of the prophet means “the way and the manners of the prophet” Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic Ahmadiyya Muslims believe that Jesus of Nazareth did not die on the cross neither did he physically ascend to heaven but instead that he survived the crucifixion In Ahmadiyya Islam two different views of Prophethood and its finality are held In Ahmadiyya Islam, pacifism is a strong current and jihad is one's personal inner struggle and should not be used violently for political motives Khalifatul Masih or Khalifat-ul Masih (Successor of the Messiah sometimes simply referred to as Khalifah or Caliph is the title given to the elected spiritual Khalifatul Masih or Khalifat-ul Masih (Successor of the Messiah sometimes simply referred to as Khalifah or Caliph is the title given to the elected spiritual Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad ( 12 January 1889 in Qadian - 7 November 1965 Hafiz Mirza Nasir Ahmad (16th November 1909-9th June 1982 in Rabwah) was Khalifatul Masih III Mirza Tahir Ahmad (Born 18 December 1928 in Qadian, died 19 April 2003 in London) was Khalifatul Masih IV Mirza Masroor Ahmad (born September 15, 1950) is the supreme head of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. This page is about Maulana Muhammad Ali the religious scholar belonging to the " Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam " Imam Maulana Sadr-ud-Din (↑ 15 November 1981 worked as first missionary of the Islamic Confession Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat-i-Islam Lahore in the Saeed Ahmad Khan (سيد احمد خان in Urdu) (1900-1996 ( Emir 1981-1996 was an adherent and later third Emir, of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement Asghar Hameed (* 1919 in Lahore; † 14 October 2002 in Lahore was the fourth Emir of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement. Abdul Karim Saeed Pasha is the fifth and current Emir (as of November 2006 of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement. Khwaja Kamal-ud-Din ( 1870 in Lahore – December 28 1932 in Lahore a lawyer by profession was a member of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement Basharat Ahmad (1876-1943 a member of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, is the author of numerous publications about Islam and the Ahmadiyya movement Naseer Ahmad Faruqui (died 5 December 1991 a prominent civil servant of Pakistan, joined the Indian Civil Service after graduating from Government College Lahore Barāhīn-e-Ahmadiyya alā haqīqati Kitabilla hil Qur'an wannabuwatil Mohammadiyya (Proofs of the truth of the book of Allah - the Qur'an and the prophethood of Muhammad is a five part Introduction A book about the commentary of Surah Al-Fateha by compiling all the written works speeches and lectures held by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian by Sir Mohammad The Philosophy of the Teachings of Islam is an Essay on Islam by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, founder of the Malfoozat also spelt' Malfuzaat', mostly translated as the dialogues or discourse is a ten volume corpus of the sayings and utterances of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian Tafseer-e-Kabeer ( Urdu: تفسير کبير, tafsīr-e-kabīr, "The Extensive Commentary" Revelation Rationality Knowledge & Truth is a book written by Mirza Tahir Ahmad, the fourth leader of Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Mirza Ghulām Ahmad of Qadian ( ميرزا غلام احمد) ( February 13, 1835 – May 26, 1908 CE Shawal 14 1250 – WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Qadian (ਕਾਦਿਆਂ) is a small town and a Municipal council in Gurdaspur District, Punjab (ਪੰਜਾਬ पंजाब pəɲdʒaːb is a state in northwest India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Members of these communities call themselves Ahmadi Muslims. Mirza Ghulam Ahmad claimed to have fulfilled the prophecies about the world reformer of the end times who was to herald the Eschaton as predicted in the traditions of various World religions, the Mujaddid (divine reformer) of the 14th Islamic century, the promised Messiah (“Second Coming of Christ”) and Mahdi. End time, End times, or End of days are the eschatological writings in the three Abrahamic religions and in doomsday scenarios in various other Eschatology (from the Greek, Eschatos meaning "last" and -logy meaning "the study of" is a part of Theology The world's principal Religions and spiritual traditions may be classified into a small number of major groups or world religions'. A Mujaddid (مجدد in Islamic tradition refers to a person who Muslims believe is sent by God in the first half of every century of the Islamic The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar ( Arabic: التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری ‎ This article is about the concept of a Messiah in religion notably in the Christian Islamic and Jewish traditions In Christianity, the Second Coming is the anticipated return of Jesus Christ from Heaven to earth an event that will fulfill aspects of Messianic In Islamic eschatology the Mahdi ( ar مهدي, also Mehdi; "Guided One" is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will stay on earth [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

Ahmadis consider themselves Muslims and claim to practice the Islam that was taught and practiced by Muhammad and his companions. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics Mirza Ghulam Ahmad founded the movement in 1889 and termed it the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat (community) envisioning it to be a revitalization of Islam. However, Ahmadis are not considered to be Muslims by Sunnis and Shias. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic [6] [7] [8] The movement has been established in 190 countries. [9]

The original Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat split into two separate groups[10] after the death of Hakeem Noor-ud-Din the first successor of Ghulam Ahmad. They are known respectively as the The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community and the smaller Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam (Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat-i-Islam). The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community ( Arabic: الجماعة الأحمدية; transliterated: al-Jamā'a al-Ahmadīya) is the larger community of The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam, Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat-i-Islam (أحمدية أنجومان اشاعات الاسلام (not to be confused These groups vary in their specific interpretations of Ahmad's teachings and claims. They also differ in their views on who should have succeeded Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, and how such a successor should be chosen. [11][12]

Ahmadiyya view on certain beliefs in Islam has been controversial to mainstream Muslims since its birth. The majority of Muslims have not accepted Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's claims and do not consider Ahmadis to be Muslims, citing in particular the Ahmadiyya view on the death and return of Jesus. Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) [13] The Ahmadiyya concept of Jihad and their view on the finality of Muhammad with particular reference to interpretation of verse [Qur'an 33:40] of the Qur'an. Khatme Nabuwwat "ختم النبوه" or finality of Prophet-hood is an Islamic belief that Prophethood has come to an end after Muhammad The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran [14] Ahmadis however argue that their beliefs are in accordance with Islam,[15][16] and using arguments from the Qur'an, Hadith and opinion of Islamic jurists and theologians, challenge the contention of the groups calling them non-Muslims. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic [17]

Contents

History

The Ahmadiyya movement claims to represent the latter day renaissance of the religion of Islam. At the end of the 19th century, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian proclaimed himself to be the "Reformer of the age" (Mujaddid), Promised Messiah, Mahdi of the age. A Mujaddid (مجدد in Islamic tradition refers to a person who Muslims believe is sent by God in the first half of every century of the Islamic Mirza Ghulām Ahmad of Qadian ( ميرزا غلام احمد) ( February 13, 1835 – May 26, 1908 CE Shawal 14 1250 – In Islamic eschatology the Mahdi ( ar مهدي, also Mehdi; "Guided One" is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will stay on earth (Note that the two sub-sects of the Ahmadiyya interpret this last claim very differently). He claimed to have fulfilled the prophecy of the return of Jesus. Prophecy, generally describes the disclosing of Information that is not known to the Prophet by any ordinary means Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) He and his followers claimed that his advent was foretold by Muhammad, the prophet of Islam, and also by many other religious scriptures of the world. Advent (from the Latin word la ''adventus'' meaning "coming" is a season of the Christian church, the period of expectant waiting and preparation for the IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics Muslims regard as Prophets of Islam ( Arabic: نبي) those non-divine humans chosen by Allah as Prophets In 1889, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad laid down the foundation of his community, which was later given the name of "Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat". Since its inception, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat's objective has been the revival of Islam. Soon after the death of the first Caliph, the movement split into two sects over the question of the Finality of Prophethood. The Caliph is the Head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah Muslims regard as Prophets of Islam ( Arabic: نبي) those non-divine humans chosen by Allah as Prophets The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement affirmed the traditional Islamic interpretation that there could be no new prophet after Muhammad and viewed itself as a reform movement within the broader Ummah. Ummah (أمة is an Arabic word meaning Community or Nation. It is commonly used to mean either the collective nation of states, or (in the [18] The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, however, claimed that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad had indeed been a prophet (albeit a "non-law-bearing" one) and that mainstream Muslims who rejected his message were guilty of disbelief. Mainstream is generally the common current of Thought of the Majority. The question of "Khilafat" was also an issue in the split of the Ahmadiyya movement. A caliphate (from the Arabic خلافة or khilāfa) is the political leadership of the Muslim community in classical and medieval Islamic history The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement believes that an "Anjuman" (body of selected people) should be in charge of the Jamaat. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, however, believes that Caliphs are appointed by God through voting are in charge of the Jamaat.

Some of the first people to convert to the Ahmadiyya movement were highly educated people from secular and religious circles. These included many doctors e. g. Dr. Syed Muhammad Hussain, civil servants like Sir Muhammad Zafrulla Khan and also from the military, such as Ali Gouhar of the British-Indian Army. Doctor ( gen: doctoris) means teacher in Latin. The word is originally an Agentive noun of the verb docēre ('teach' Sir is an Honorific used as a title (see Knight) and in several other modern contexts Al- Hajj Sir Chaudhuri Muhammad Zafarullah Khan, KCSI ( 6 February 1893 - 1 September 1985) was See Indian Army for the post-independence (and post- partition) army of the Republic of India. [19] The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has established offices in 190 countries and claims to have a population exceeding two hundred of million. [20] The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement has branches in 17 countries. [21] There is no reliable information available regarding the population numbers of the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement.

Overseas Ahmadiyya missionary activities started as early as 1920's. For many modern nations of the world, the Ahmadiyya movement was their first contact with the proclaimants from the Muslim world. [22] Ahmadiyya movement is considered by some historians[23] as one of the precursors to the African-American Civil Rights Movement in America. See also Protests of 1968 Historically the civil rights movement was a concentrated period of time around the world of approximately twenty years (1960-1980 in The United States of America —commonly referred to as the According to some experts,[24] Ahmadiyya were "arguably the most influential community in African-American Islam" until the 1950s, when Nation of Islam gained support among black communities. The Nation of Islam ( NOI) (أمة الإسلام Ummah al-Islāmu) is a group founded in Detroit, Michigan, Many notable jazz musicians converted to Ahmadiyya Islam. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States [25] The influence of Ahmadiyya movement was later reduced by the splits among the community caused by Nation of Islam as well as the Sunni scholars during the 1950's. Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [26]

Current status

Pakistan

In some countries it is an offence for the Ahmadiyya Movement to preach their religion as Islam. In Pakistan, parliament has declared Ahmadis to be non-Muslims. In 1974, the government of Pakistan amended its constitution to define a Muslim "as a person who believes in the finality of the Prophet Muhammad". [27] Due to this strong clash of beliefs, Ahmadis have been the target of many attacks led by various religious groups. [28] As a result of the cultural implications of the laws and constitutional amendments regarding Ahmadis in Pakistan, persecution and hate-related incidents are constantly reported from different parts of the country. All religious seminaries and madrassahs in Pakistan, belonging to different sects of Islam have prescribed essential reading materials specifically targeted at refuting Ahmadiyya beliefs. [29] In a recent survey in Pakistan, pupils in private schools of Pakistan expressed their opinions on religious tolerance in the country. The figures assembled in the study reflect that even in the educated classes of Pakistan, Ahmadis are considered to be the least deserving minority in terms of equal opportunities and civil rights. In the same study, the teachers in these elite schools showed even lower amount of tolerance towards Ahmadis than their pupils. [30] Since both groups claim to be the true heirs to Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's legacy even though they have radically different interpretations of his teachings (see below), the term can be quite ambiguous. Anjuman-Ishaate-Islam Ahmadis claim that mainstream Muslim critics of Ahmadis often fail to note the important distinctions between the groups, treating all "Ahmadis" as members of the "Ahmadiyya Muslim Community. "

Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, fundamentalist Islamic groups have demanded that Ahmadiyyas be declared "officially" as kafirs. This article is on the Islamic religious term For the pejorative racial slur see Kaffir (ethnic slur. Ahmadiyyas have become a persecuted group, targeted via protests and acts of violence. According to Amnesty International, followers have been subject to "house arrest", and several have been killed. In late 2003, several large marches, lead by Moulana Moahmud Hossain Mumtazi, were directed to occupy an Ahmadiyya mosque. The march was supported by thousands of protesters, armed with sticks, bricks, and other weapons; they chanted slogans of hate-filled and violent rhetoric. In 2004, all Ahmadiyya publications were banned, the official reason being that they "hurt or might hurt the sentiments of the majority Muslim population". [31]

Indonesia

In 2008, many far-right Muslims in Indonesia protested Ahmadiyah and its followers. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. With violence and large demonstrations, these religious conservatives worked to pressure the government to pressure, monitor, and harrass Ahmadiyah. Many conservative Islamic groups called for an outright ban on Ahmadiyah. In June 2008, a law was passed to curtail "proselytizing" by Ahmadiyah members. [32] Human rights groups objected to the restrictions on religious freedom.

Beliefs

Ahmadiyya beliefs mostly mirror those of Islam in general, including belief in the prophethood of Muhammad, reverence for historical prophets, belief in a single creator God (strong monotheism). Allah ( Arabic: الله, ʔalˤːɑːh) is the standard Arabic word for ' For the Celtic Frost album see Monotheist (album In Theology, monotheism (from Greek grc [[wiktμόνος μόνος]] They accept the Qur'an as their holy text, face the Kaaba during prayer and accept the authority of Hadiths (reported sayings of and stories about Muhammad) and practice the Sunnah. The Kaaba ( Arabic: ar الكعبة; 'kɑʕbɑ or 'kæʕbæ "Cube" is a Cuboidal building in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, and is the Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic Sunnah ar (سنة plural سنن Sunan literally means “trodden path” and therefore the sunnah of the prophet means “the way and the manners of the prophet”

Distinct Ahmadiyya beliefs

Although the central values of Islam (prayer, charity, fasting, etc. The Five Pillars of Islam (Arabic أركان الإسلام is the term given to the five duties incumbent on every Muslim. ) are shared by Muslims and Ahmadis, distinct Ahmadiyya beliefs include the following:

Comparison

Article of faith Mainstream Islam Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement Ahmadiyya Muslim Community
Return of Jesus Differs, but most believe that at the “end of days” Jesus himself will descend from heaven in the flesh. Etymology The Anglicized name of Jesus is derived from the Latin Iēsus, which in turn comes from the Greek (Iēsoûs [41] References to the second coming of Jesus are allegorical. The prophecy of the second coming was fulfilled in the person of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. [42] References to the second coming of Jesus are allegorical. The prophecy of the second coming was fulfilled in the person of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. [43]
Status of
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad		 Differs, but often considered an apostate. Mirza Ghulām Ahmad of Qadian ( ميرزا غلام احمد) ( February 13, 1835 – May 26, 1908 CE Shawal 14 1250 – Many mainstream Muslims believe that Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was one of the 30 false claimants to prophethood[44] about whom the prophet Muhammad warned Muslims 1400 years ago. Mujaddid (Islamic Reformer) of the 14th Islamic century. The promised Mahdi and the second coming of Jesus. Referred to as a prophet in the metaphorical sense only (as other recognized Islamic saints and sufis are similarly referred to). Not a prophet in the technical and linguistic meaning of the word. [45] A prophet (with all the qualities of a prophet like Jesus) but subordinate and deputy to the Prophet Muhammad. The Messiah, Imam Mehdi and Mujaddid of the 14th Islamic century and the second coming of Jesus. [46]
Who is a Muslim? Professing the Kalima required to become a Muslim. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion See also Shahadah The Six Kalimas (or Six "Words" are recorded in various books of knowledge and are recited (and remembered by Muslims across the In Pakistan[47], however, declaring Mirza Ghulam Ahmad to be an apostate is a prerequisite to be considered a Muslim. [48] Anyone saying the Kalima cannot be declared a non-Muslim by anyone else. See also Shahadah The Six Kalimas (or Six "Words" are recorded in various books of knowledge and are recited (and remembered by Muslims across the [49] Anyone professing the Kalima cannot be declared a non-Muslim by anyone else, provided the sayer includes in the meaning of the Kalima the name of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. See also Shahadah The Six Kalimas (or Six "Words" are recorded in various books of knowledge and are recited (and remembered by Muslims across the [50] As Kufr arises from the denial or rejection of even a single Nabi and the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community believes Mirza Ghulam Ahmad to be a nabi, one who does not believe in Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's claims, is outside the fold of Islam even though they may not have heard the name of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. This article is on the Islamic religious term For the pejorative racial slur see Kaffir (ethnic slur. The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community ( Arabic: الجماعة الأحمدية; transliterated: al-Jamā'a al-Ahmadīya) is the larger community of [51]
Finality of the Prophethood of Muhammad The meaning of “Seal of the Prophets” is that Muhammad is the last of the prophets. Seal of the Prophets ( ar خاتم اﻟﻨﺒﻴﻴﻦ Khatim-an-Nabiyyin) is a title given to Muhammad by a verse in the Qur'an. However, since Jesus already came as a prophet before Muhammad, he would not be considered the last prophet should he return. [52] The meaning of “Seal of the Prophets” is that Muhammad is the last of the prophets. No prophet, either new or old can come after him. [53] Mirza Ghulam Ahmad was the Mujaddid (reformer) of the 14th century Hijra and not a true prophet. In Religion, a prophet (or prophetess) is a person who has encountered the Supernatural or the divine and serves as an intermediary [54] Muhammad brought prophethood to perfection, he sealed prophethood and religious law, thus being the last law-bearing prophet, new prophets can come but they must be subordinate to Muhammad and cannot exceed him in excellence nor alter his teaching or bring any new law or religion. [55]
Jesus, Son of Mary Born of a miraculous birth[56] from the virgin, Mary. Etymology The Anglicized name of Jesus is derived from the Latin Iēsus, which in turn comes from the Greek (Iēsoûs Did not die on the cross but was transported to heaven,[57] where he lives to return in the flesh to this world shortly before Doomsday. [58] Since Jesus (considered a prophet) came before Muhammad, his return to Earth would not disqualify Muhammad as the “last” prophet. Jesus will come to earth not as a prophet but as a follower of Muhammad and preach the teachings of Muhammad. Similar to Ahmadiyya Muslim Community belief except that the question of Jesus's virgin birth is not an essential requirement of faith and is left to the individual's personal conviction. [59] Jesus was born to the Virgin Mary. He survived the crucifixion and did not die an accursed death. [60] Instead he travelled east to India in search of the Lost Tribes of Israel. [61] Jesus lived a full life and died on earth, specifically Jesus's tomb lies in Kashmir under the name Yuz Asaf. The prophecies of the coming of Jesus among the Muslims are metaphorical in that one was to be born and rise as a prophet within the dispensation of Muhammad who by virtue of his similarity, and affinity with Jesus and the similarity between the Jews of Jesus' time and the Muslims of the time of the promised one (The Mahdi)is called by the same name. The coming of an old Israelite prophet would disqualify Muhammad as the final prophet.
Armed Jihad Many Muslims believe that Jihad becomes an option when there is no other choice left i. Jihad (جهاد ʤɪhæːd an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. e. in self-defense. Some mainstream Muslims hold the view that there are two different types of Jihad: Jihad Al-Akbar, (considered the greater Jihad) is the personal struggle with one's own soul and Jihad Al-Asghar (considered the lesser Jihad) is the external, physical effort, often implying fighting or war. Jihad primarily means to strive or exert to the fullest. On an ongoing basis this refers to striving against the devil, ones low desires (self) and the peaceful propagation of Islam with special emphasis on spreading the true message of Islam by the pen. In special circumstances Jihad could be an armed struggle but only as a defensive war against extreme persecution. [62] Claim that as per prophecy, the messiah rendered the concept of violent Jihad unnecessary in modern times. They believe that the answer of hate should be given by love. As their khalifas said that 'if anyone attacks us we must not attack him and should love him' this is called "Jihaad-e-Akbar" (The Greater Jihad). [63]

Views of mainstream Muslims

Orthodox Muslims consider both Ahmadi movements to be heretics and non-Muslims for a number of reasons, chief among them being the question of finality of prophethood,[64] since they believe members of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community do not regard the Islamic prophet Muhammad to be the last prophet[65] (the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement does not subscribe to this belief[66]). Ahmadis claim that this is a result of misinterpreting Mirza Ghulam Ahmad's statements referring to his coming "in the spirit of Muhammed",[66][67] (similar to John the Baptist coming in the spirit and power of Elijah[68]). Saint John the Baptist ( heb. Jochanan ben Sacharja, arab. يحيى Yaḥyā or يوحنا Yūḥanna, aram. Elijah or Elias ( was a Prophet in Israel in the 9th century BC Both Ahmadi movements believe Mirza Ghulam Ahmad to be the Mahdi and promised Messiah,[69]

Mainstream Muslims do not accept this claim, and do not believe Mirza Ghulam Ahmad to have fulfilled the prophecies about the Promised Messiah and Mahdi. According to mainstream Muslims Ghulam Ahmad's failiure to establish a perfect worldwide Muslim government and the manner of his death invalidate his claim to be the promised Mahdi and Messiah and hence he is seen as a false prophet. In Religion, the term false prophet is a label given to a person who is viewed as illegitimately claiming Charismatic authority within a Religious group

Both Ahmadi movements are considered non-Muslims by the Pakistan government, and have this fact recorded on their travel documents. In contrast Ahmadi citizens from Western countries and other moderate Muslim nations perform Hajj and Umra as the Saudi government is not made aware they are Ahmadis when applying for the visa. A court decision has also upheld the right of Ahmadiyyas to identify themselves as Muslims in India.

As the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement’s view regarding Mirza Ghulam Ahmad’s status as a Prophet is closer to traditional Islamic thought, the Literature published by the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement has found greater acceptability among the Muslim Intelligentsia. [70][71]

Some mainstream Muslims group both Ahmadi movements together and refer to them as "Qadianis", and their beliefs as "Qadianism" [72] (after the small town of Qadian in the Gurdaspur District of Punjab in India, where the movement's founder was born). Gurdaspur district is a district in the state of Punjab, situated in the northwest part of India. However most, if not all, Ahmadis of both sects dislike this term as it has acquired derogatory connotations over the years and furthermore they prefer to differentiate their two separate movements. Furthermore, mainstream Muslims will not use the term "Muslim" when referring to Ahmadis, even though both sects refer to themselves as such citing the fatwas given by the Islamic scholars. However, as members of Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement deny the prophethood of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, some orthodox Islamic Scholars consider the Lahore Ahmadiyya as Muslims. [73] In earlier times in Pakistan and India, there was widespread persecution of Ahmadis by certain Muslim groups. Sporadic violence as well as persecution of a more subtle nature against Ahmadis continues even today. [74]

Relationship with Christians

Christian missionaries during the life of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad were actively engaged in debates, prayer duels and written arguments with the Ahmadiyya Movement. The Ahmadiyya Movement considered Christian nations (particularly of the developed world) as being part of the prophesised Dajjal and Gog and Magog. Masih ad-Dajjal ( Arabic: الدّجّال literally "The Impostor" is an evil figure in Islamic eschatology. The tradition of Gog and Magog ( Hebrew גוג ומגוג Arabic يأجوج و مأجوج begins in the Hebrew Bible with the reference to The Ahmadiyya view of death of Jesus has also been a source of ongoing friction with the Christian Church. The crucifixion of Jesus is an event recorded in all four Gospels (;;) which takes place after his arrest and trial and includes his scourging

Abbott Freeland, observed in his book, Islam and Pakistan,[75]

The primary significance of the Ahmadiyya Movement lay in its missionary emphasis. Every Muslim believed that Islam was the only religion free from error. The Ahmadis made it part of their principles to show the errors of other religions to their adherents and to proselytize energetically for Islam. In a sense, the Ahmadis represent the Muslims emerging, religiously speaking, from the withdrawal that had begun with the arrival of the British, just as the Muslim League represents the political emergence from that same withdrawal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Although the sect most attacked by Muslims in India and Pakistan, it has also been the one which has worked hardest, in both its branches, to defend and extend Islam against the competition offered by other faiths.

Western historians have recorded this effort as one of the features of Ghulam Ahmad's legacy. [76]

Chronology with leaders

Only two leaders are recognized by both branches of the sect:

Leaders recognized by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community (Qadian Branch), referred to as Khalifas ('Successors'):

Main article: Khalifatul Masih

Leaders recognized by the Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement (Lahore Branch), referred to as Emirs:

Some prominent Ahmadis

References

  1. ^ "The Fourteenth-Century's Reformer / Mujaddid", from the "Call of Islam", by Maulana Muhammad Ali
  2. ^ Claims of Hadhrat Ahmad, Chapter Two
  3. ^ Reflection of all the Prophets
  4. ^ Future of Revelation, Part 7
  5. ^ The Removal of a Misunderstanding
  6. ^ 1974 Declaration by World Muslim League. This page is about Maulana Muhammad Ali the religious scholar belonging to the " Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam " World Muslim League. April 1974.
  7. ^ A Study of the Fatwa by Rashid Rida on the Translation of the Qur'an
  8. ^ Pakistani Constitutional Amendments of 1974 Declaring Qadianis as a non-Muslim Minority
  9. ^ [1]
  10. ^ "The Split in the Ahmadiyya Movement" by Maulana Muhammad Ali
  11. ^ "The Split in the Ahmadiyya Movement" by Maulana Muhammad Ali
  12. ^ "Refutation of Maulvi Muhammad Ali's Account of Ahmadiyya Dissensions"
  13. ^ http://www.alislam.org/quran/tafseer/?page=407&region=E1&CR=
  14. ^ "Pseudo-Islamic Cults-The Ahmadiyya/Qadiani Movement", thetruereligion. org
  15. ^ Accusations Answered AAIIL
  16. ^ Misconceptions about Ahmadiyyat AAIIL Website
  17. ^ Fatwas of Kufr AAIIL
  18. ^ "Ahmadiyya", Encyclopaedia Britannica Online, [2]
  19. ^ "The British Archives,[3]
  20. ^ "The Ahmadiyya Movement in Islam An Overview", Al Islam, The official website of the Ahmadiyya Muslims Community, [4]
  21. ^ World Wide Branches of AAIIL Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement
  22. ^ [5] The Multiple Nature Of The Islamic Da'wa, Egdunas Racius Page 158-160. University of Helsinki
  23. ^ [6] Black Crescent: the experience and legacy of African Muslims in the Americas By Michael Angelo Gomez, Pages 254-256
  24. ^ [7] America's Alternative Religions By Timothy Miller, Page 280
  25. ^ [8] America's Alternative Religions By Timothy Miller, Page 280
  26. ^ [9] America's Alternative Religions By Timothy Miller, Page 280
  27. ^ An Act to amend the Constitution (2nd Amendment) ACT, 1974. An Act to amend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan Gazette of Pakistan, Extraordinary, Part I, 21st September, 1974
  28. ^ Persecution of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan: An Analysis Under International Law and International Relations Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol 16, September 2003
    "Violent Dhaka rally against sect", BBC News
    "Eight die in Pakistan sect attack", BBC News
    "Sect offices closed in Pakistan", BBC News
  29. ^ [10] Denizens of Alien Worlds. T Rahman - Contemporary South Asia, 2004. A Survey of the Education System of Pakistan. By Tariq Rahman. Page 15
  30. ^ [11]Peace and Democracy in South Asia, Volume 1, Number 1, January 2005. Passports to Privilege: The English-Medium Schools In Pakistan, Tariq Rahman
  31. ^ http://web.amnesty.org/library/index/engasa130052004 Bangladesh: The Ahmediyya Community - their rights must be protected, Amnesty International
  32. ^ http://www.asianews.it/index.php?l=en&art=12466&size=A Indonesia to ban Ahmadi activities, AsiaNews. IT
  33. ^ [12] Mahdi and Messiah, Chapter 4, "The Founder of the Ahmadiyya Movement by Maulana Muhammad Ali"
  34. ^ "The Matter of Abrogation", Friday Sermon by Maulana Muhammad Ali, December 20, 1914, Abrogation
  35. ^ http://www.alislam.org/topics/jesus/index.php Jesus, a Humble Prophet of God
  36. ^ "Death of Jesus", by Shahid Aziz, Bulletin October 2001, Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat Islam Lahore (UK), [13]
    "Jesus Migrated to India", The Promised Mehdi and Messiah, by Dr. In Islamic eschatology the Mahdi ( ar مهدي, also Mehdi; "Guided One" is the prophesied redeemer of Islam who will stay on earth This article is about the concept of a Messiah in religion notably in the Christian Islamic and Jewish traditions Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited, [14]
  37. ^ Muhammad in World Scriptures (Vol. 2):by Maulana Abdul Haq Vidyarthi, Advent of Holy Prophet Muhammad Foretold in the Books of the Old Testament of Jews and the New Testament of Christians [15]
  38. ^ Concept of Jihad and
    "True Meaning of Jihad", Compiled by Imam Kalamazad Mohammed; Published by the Muslim Literary Trust, Trinidad, [16]
  39. ^ "The Question of Finality of Prophethood", The Promised Mehdi and Messiha, by Dr. Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited, [17]
  40. ^ "The Issue of Khatam-un-Nabiyyin", Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, [18]
  41. ^ “Islamic View of the Coming/Return of Jesus”, by Dr. Ahmad Shafaat, 2003, Islamic Perspectives, [19]
  42. ^ “Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Sahib of Qadian never Claimed Prophethood [in the light of his own writings]”, The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, [20]
  43. ^ “A Prophet Like Unto Moses”, The Promised Mehdi and Messiha, by Dr. Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited, [21]
  44. ^ "Who Was the Impostor of Qadian? Decide for Yourself!!", Inter-Islam. org, [22]
  45. ^ "The Use of the Terms Nabi & Rasul For Non-prophets", The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, [23]
  46. ^ "A World Reformer", The Promised Mehdi and Messiha, by Dr. Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited, [24]
  47. ^ An Act to amend the Constitution (2nd Amendment) ACT, 1974. An Act to amend the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan Gazette of Pakistan, Extraordinary, Part I, 21st September, 1974
  48. ^ Passport Application Form, Government of Pakistan, [25]
  49. ^ "Who is a Muslim?", Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, [26]
    "Tarjuman al-Quran" by Sayyid Abul Ala Maudoodi, issue for month of Jumadi al-Awwal, 1355 A. H. , circa 1936, vol. viii, p. 5
  50. ^ Kalimat-ul-Fasal by Mirza Bashir Ahmad, page 158 [27]
  51. ^ (from the English translation of Mirza Mahmud Ahmad’s book "A’inah-i Sadaqat", entitled "The Truth About the Split", pages 55–61, http://www.alislam.org/library/split/part1.html#refute)
  52. ^ "Further Similarities and Differences: (between esoteric, exoteric & Sunni/Shia) and (between Islam/Christianity/Judaism)", Reproduced with permission from Exploring World Religions, © 2001, by Oxford University Press Canada[28]
  53. ^ "The Issue of Khatam-un-Nabiyyin", Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, [29]
  54. ^ "No Claim To Prophethood: 20 Arguments by Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad", Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, [30]
  55. ^ "The Question of Finality of Prophethood", The Promised Mehdi and Messiha, by Dr. Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited, [31]
  56. ^ "Early History of Islam", Religion Online, ThinkQuest, Oracle Education Foundation, [32]
  57. ^ "Islam", MSN Encarta Online, [33]
  58. ^ "Further Similarities and Differences: (between esoteric, exoteric & Sunni/Shia) and (between Islam/Christianity/Judaism)", Reproduced with permission from Exploring World Religions, © 2001, by Oxford University Press Canada [34]
  59. ^ "The Birth of Jesus", Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, [35]
  60. ^ "Jesus Did not Die on the Cross", The Promised Mehdi and Messiha, by Dr. Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited, [36]
  61. ^ "Jesus Migrated to India", The Promised Mehdi and Messiha, by Dr. Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited, [37]
  62. ^ Concept of Jihad and
    "True Meaning of Jihad", Compiled by Imam Kalamazad Mohammed; Published by the Muslim Literary Trust, Trinidad, [38]
  63. ^ Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat Deutschland - Assalamo Aleikum W.W
  64. ^ "Five Pillars of Islam", Islam101. com, [39]
  65. ^ "The Question of Finality of Prophethood", The Promised Messiha and Mehdi, by Dr. Aziz Ahmad Chaudhry, Islam International Publications Limited, [40]
  66. ^ a b azrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Sahib of Qadian never Claimed Prophethood (in the light of his own writings). The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement.
  67. ^ Chaudhry, Aziz Ahmad. The Question of Finality of Prophethood, The Promised Messiha and Mehdi. Islam International Publications Limited.
  68. ^ "In what way can we harmonize John the Baptist’s claim that he was not Elijah with the statement of the Lord that he was?", Tony Capoccia, Bible Bulletin Board, [41])
  69. ^ "The Fourteenth-Century's Reformer / Mujaddid", Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement, [42]
  70. ^ Al-Azhar endorses publications by Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement AAIIL, USA
  71. ^ Marmaduke Pickthall's (famous British Muslim and a translator of the Quran into English)comments on Lahore Ahmadiyya Literature AAIIL, USA
  72. ^ "Lies and the Liar who told them!", www. inter-islam. org, [43]
  73. ^ Tributes to Maulana Muhammad Ali and The Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement AAIIL Website
  74. ^ "Pakistan: Killing of Ahmadis continues amid impunity", Amnesty International, Public Statement, AI Index: ASA 33/028/2005 (Public), News Service No: 271, 11 October 2005, [44]
  75. ^ [45]Islam and Pakistan by Freeland, Abbot. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. p. 160-161
  76. ^ [46]The British Empire and the Muslim World Francis Robinson, Page 19-21
  77. ^ Hadhrat Mirza Tahir Ahmad | Fourth Caliph of Ahmadiyya Community - Al Islam Online
  78. ^ The Afghan Martyrs by B. A. Rafiq

External links

Ahmadiyya Muslim Community

Lahore Ahmadiyya Movement for the Propagation of Islam

Other links

Topical articles by opponents of the Ahmadiyya Sect

Other sites with works critical of the Ahmadiyya Movement

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