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Ahl al-Bayt (Arabic:أهل البيت) is an Arabic phrase literally meaning People of the House, or family. Muhammad's wives were the eleven or thirteen women married to the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language The phrase "ahl al-bayt" was used in Arabia before the advent of Islam to refer to one's clan, and would be adopted by the ruling family of a tribe. Within the Islamic tradition, the term refers to the family of Muhammad, the founder of Islam. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics [1] Muslims venerate Muhammad's household as it is given a special significance in the Qur'an, the Muslim holy scripture, and the hadith, reports recording the words and actions of Muhammad. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic

There are differing interpretations over the scope and importance of Ahl al-Bayt. In Sunni Islam, Muhammad's household includes his wives, his daughter (Fatimah), her three children, as well as his cousin and son-in-law, Ali. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic Fatimah (فاطمة c 605 –632 was a daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad from his first wife Khadija. ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib (a=علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب|t=ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 13th Rajab, 24 BH – 21st Ramaḍān, 40 AH Other interpretations include Muhammad's blood relatives, such as the Banu Hashim or the Banu Muttalib. Banū Hāshim (Arabic بنو هاشم) was a clan in the Quraish tribe Banu Muttalib is a notable Arabic Sub-clan of the Quraish tribe In Sunni thought, every Muslim has the obligation to love the Ahl al-Bayt. In Twelver and Ismaili Shi'a Islam, the Ahl al-Bayt are central to Islam and are believed to be the true successors of Muhammad. See also Shi'a Islam Twelver Shi'ism ( ar اثنا عشرية Ithnāˤashariyyah) is the largest branch of Shi'a branch of Islam For the Egyptian city see Ismaïlia. The Ismāʿīlī ( Urdu: إسماعیلی Ismāʿīlī, Arabic: الإسماعيليون For the book by Wilferd Madelung, see The Succession to Muhammad. The Shi'a definition of the phrase includes only Fatimah, Ali, Hasan and Husayn (known collectively as the Ahl al-Kisa, "people of the mantle") and the Imams, descendants of Fatimah who they consider to be divinely chosen leaders of the Muslim community. Ahl al-Kisa ( Arabic: ar اهل الكساء meaning People of the Cloak, refers to the last Prophet of Islam, Muhammad, his daughter Fatimah An imam (إمام plural ائمة A'immah, امام is an Islamic leader often the leader of a Mosque and/or community [1][2]

Contents

Ahl al-Bayt family

The term "Ahl" signifies the members of a household of a man, including his fellow tribesmen, kin, relatives, wife (or wives), children, and all those who share a family background, religion, housing, city, and country with him. "Bayt" refers to habitation and dwelling, including tents and buildings both. It can also be roughly translated as a household. The "Ahl-Al-Bayt" of any person refers to his family members and all those who live in his house (cf. Mufradat al-Qur'an by Raghib Isfahani; Qamus by Firoozabadi; Majm'a al-Bahrayn). Ahlul Bayt is the polite form of addressing the members and wife of the family.

Interpretation

Mention of the Ahl al-Bayt, Muhammad's household, is present in a verse of the Qur'an as follows:

“ And stay quietly in your houses, and make not a dazzling display, like that of the former Times of Ignorance; and establish regular Prayer, and give regular Charity; and obey Allah and His Messenger. And Allah only wishes to remove all abomination from you, ye members of the Family, and to make you pure and spotless. ”

—Qur'an 33:33

The precise definition of the term in this verse has been subject to varying interpretations. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran In one tradition, according to which Muhammad's companion Salman al-Farsi is included as a member, it is used to distinguish from the muhajirin (Muslim emigrants from Mecca) and ansar (Medinan converts to Islam). TemplateInfobox Salaf --> Salman the Persian or Salman al Farisi ( سلمان فارسی Salman e Farsi Muhajirun ( Arabic: المهاجرون; The Emigrants) are the early Muslims who followed Muhammad on his Hijra (withdrawal Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored Medina mɛˈdiːnə (المدينة المنورة ælmæˈdiːnæl muˈnɑwːɑrɑ or المدينة ælmæˈdiːnæ also transliterated into English as According to Sunni opinion, the term includes the wives and dependants of Muhammad, as it addresses them in the preceding verse - an interpretation which is attributed to Ibn Abbas and Ikrimah, both of whom were companions of Muhammad. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic Abd-Allah ibn Abbas (عبد الله ابن عباس) was a cousin of Muhammad. Ikrimah (اكرمة is an Arabic name. The word means " that is great and forgiving (Arabic Karamat)" This is supported by various traditions attributed to Muhammad wherein he addresses each of his wives as Ahl al-Bayt. [3] Further members of the household, according to the Sunni perspective, include Ali, Fatimah, Hasan and Husayn, who are mentioned in the tradition of the mantle. Some versions of this tradition recognise Umm Salamah, a wife of Muhammad, as a part of the household. Hind bint Abi Umayya (هند بنت أبي أمية (c 580 - 680 was a wife of Muhammad, and therefore a Mother of the Believers. Thus, according to the Encyclopedia of Islam, "[t]he current orthodox view is based on a harmonizing opinion, according to which the term ahl bayt includes the ahl al-ʿabāʾ , i. e. the Prophet, ʿAlī, Fāṭima, al-Ḥasan and al-Ḥusayn, together with the wives of the Prophet. "[1]

Other interpretations include the family of Ali, as well as the families of Muhammad's relatives such as Aqeel, Ja'far, and al-Abbas. Aqeel ibn Abi Talib ( عقيل بن أبي طالب) was born in the year 590. Jafar ibn Abi Talib ( Arabic: جعفر ابن أبي طالب) (died 629 also known as Jafar At-Tayyar, was the son of Abu Talib ibn 'Abdul Muttalib `Abbas ibn `Abd al-Muttalib ( ar العباس بن عبد المطلب) (c Early jurists Malik bin Anas and Abu Hanifa included the clan of Banu Hashim within the definition, while al-Shafi'i included the whole of Banu Muttalib. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Malik ibn Anas ibn Malik ibn 'Amr al-Asbahi ( Arabic مالك بن أنس Al-Imam al-A'zam ( الامام الاعظم) "The Greatest Imam" Nu’man bin Thabit bin Zuta bin Mahan ( النعمان بن ثابت‎) better known by Banū Hāshim (Arabic بنو هاشم) was a clan in the Quraish tribe TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Al-Shafi'i, Arabic Jurist (150 AH/767 AD - 204 AH/820 AD Banu Muttalib is a notable Arabic Sub-clan of the Quraish tribe [1]

In Shi'a thought, the household is limited to Muhammad, Fatimah, Ali, Hasan, Husayn, and their descendants (altogether known as the Ahl al-Kisa); as per their deduction from the tradition of the mantle. Ahl al-Kisa ( Arabic: ar اهل الكساء meaning People of the Cloak, refers to the last Prophet of Islam, Muhammad, his daughter Fatimah They interpret the change in pronoun in the Qur'anic verse as showing that only the aforementioned members constitute Ahl al-Bayt. [1] Madelung writes that "[t]his change of gender has inevitably contributed to the birth of various accounts of a legendary character, attaching the latter part of the verse to the five People of the Mantle. "[4] Shias view these individuals as infallible and sinless Imams, and regard devotion to them as an essential part of the religion. [1]

Significance

Muhammad's household is venerated by Muslims, who attach to them a special status. This is derived from verses in the Qur'an and hadith which stipulate love towards Muhammad's relatives, though in some cases interpretations differ. An example of such is: "Say: "No reward do I ask of you for this except the love of those near of kin. " [Qur'an 42:23] According to classical exegete al-Tabari, the verse most likely refers to Muslim believers related by blood ties. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Tafsir ( Arabic: تفسير, tafsīr, "interpretation" is the Arabic word for Exegesis Another interpretation adopted by Shia applies the verse to ahl al-bayt; while another view interprets the verse as commanding love for relatives in general. The latter view is favored by academic scholar Madelung. Wilferd Ferdinand Madelung (born 26 December 1930) is a scholar of Islam. [5]

Islamic law prohibits the administration of sadaqa (charity) or zakat (tax) to Muhammad's kin (including the Banu Hashim), as Muhammad forbade this income for himself and his family. Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. Sadaqa is voluntary Islamic charity as opposed to Zakat, or obligatory charity This is a sub-article of Islamic economical jurisprudence. Zakaat ( زكاة zækæːh zakaat or zakāh, has the implied The explanation given by jurists is that these alms are considered the defilements of the people, who offer them to purify themselves from sin, hence it would be unbecoming of the kin to handle or use them. Instead, they are accorded part of the spoils of war. [6][7] Muslims in their daily prayers invoke blessings upon them by saying: "O God, bless Muhammad and his family. " In many Muslim communities, high social status is attributed to people claiming to be blood-descendants of Muhammad's houshold, and are labelled sayyids or sharifs. For the Lost character please see Sayid Jarrah Sayyid ( ar سيد) (plural Saadah is an Honorific title [8]

Most Sufi circles (tariqas) trace their spiritual back through Ali to Muhammad, and many scholars claiming to be sayyids often have their graves turned into shrines to become pilgrimage centers. Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف Tariqah ( ar طريقه; pl طرق; Ṭuruq or Persian: Tarighat, Turkish: Tarikat) means "way" [8] In Shia thought, devotion to Muhammad's household is central to the religion. In one version of Muhammad's farewell sermon, he is represented as saying that God has given believers two safeguards: the Qur'an and his family; in other versions the two safeguards are the Qur'an and his Sunnah (statements and actions of Muhammad). The The Farewell Sermon ( خطبة الوداع, Khuṭbatu l-Wadā') also known as the Prophet's final sermon or The Last Sermon is a famous Sunnah ar (سنة plural سنن Sunan literally means “trodden path” and therefore the sunnah of the prophet means “the way and the manners of the prophet” Popular Shia belief ascribes cosmological importance to the family in various texts, wherein it is said that God would not have created heaven and earth, paradise, Adam and Eve, or anything else were it not for them. In Shia thought, therefore, the family has the same salvational function as Noah's Ark. Noah's Ark, according to the Book of Genesis (chapters 6-9 is the story of a large vessel built at God 's command to save Noah, his family The majority of Shia regard the heads of the family as divinely chosen Imams who are infallible and sinless. Infallibility, from Latin origin ('in' not + 'fallere' to deceive is a term with a variety of meanings related to knowing Truth with Certainty. Impeccability is the absence of Sin. Christianity believes this to be an attribute of God (logically God cannot sin it would mean that he would act against [1]

List of Ahl al-Bayt according to Shia Islam

Part of a series on Shi'a Islam
Ahl al-Kisa
People of the Cloak

Muhammad · Fatimah
Ali · Hasan · Husayn

The verse of purification
Hadith of the Event of the Cloak
Hadith of Mubahala
Hadith of the two weighty things

v • d • e

According to the Twelver and Ismaili Shi'a, the Ahl al-Bayt are in a state of ismah, meaning infallibility, and they have limitless understanding of the Qu'ran and Hadith. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Ahl al-Kisa ( Arabic: ar اهل الكساء meaning People of the Cloak, refers to the last Prophet of Islam, Muhammad, his daughter Fatimah IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics Fatimah (فاطمة c 605 –632 was a daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad from his first wife Khadija. ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib (a=علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب|t=ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 13th Rajab, 24 BH – 21st Ramaḍān, 40 AH Hasan ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib ( ar الحسن بن علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب)‎ (Fifteenth of Ramadhān, 3 AH – Seventh or Twenty-eighth of Safar Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar حسين بن علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب)‎ (third of Shaban 4 AH / 8th January 626 AD at Medina The verse of purification is part of the 33th verse of Surah Al-Ahzab of Qur'an, which says Allah only desires to keep away the uncleanness from you The Hadith of Mubahela is Muslim tradition about a debate ( arabic: mubahela) of Muhammad with the Christians of Najran and summoned The Hadith al-Thaqalayn refers to a saying (hadith about al-Thaqalayn, which translates to "the two weighty things See also Shi'a Islam Twelver Shi'ism ( ar اثنا عشرية Ithnāˤashariyyah) is the largest branch of Shi'a branch of Islam For the Egyptian city see Ismaïlia. The Ismāʿīlī ( Urdu: إسماعیلی Ismāʿīlī, Arabic: الإسماعيليون See also The Fourteen Infallibles Ismah (also esmat in Arabic: عِصْمَة) is the concept of Infallibility The Ahl al-Kisa together with the Imams make up the Shi'a definition of Ahl al-Bayt. Ahl al-Bayt are seen as divinely appointed individuals and teachers of the Islamic faith after Muhammad. The Zaidi Shi'a do not believe in the concept of ismah.

The Twelver and Ismaili branches of Shi'a Islam differ in regards to the line of Imamate. While the Twelver believe in a lineage known as the Twelve Imams, the Ismaili believe that the descendants of Isma'il ibn Jafar were the inheritors of the Imamate instead. Isma'il ibn Jafar ( Arabic: إسماعيل بن جعفر c 721 CE/103 AH - 755 CE/138AH was the eldest son of the sixth Shia Imam, Jafar as-Sadiq


See also

External links

Shi'a Links:

Sunni links:

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Ahl al-Bayt, Enyclopedia of Islam
  2. ^ Madelung, 1997, pp. Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English language Encyclopedia about the history culture and 13-17
  3. ^ See:
    • "Ahl al-Bayt", Encyclopedia of Islam
    • Madelung (1997) p. 15
  4. ^ Madelung (1997) pp. 14-15
  5. ^ Madelung (1997) p. 13
  6. ^ Madelung (1997) p. 14
  7. ^ A verse in the Qur'an reads: "That which Allah giveth as spoil unto His messenger from the people of the townships, it is for Allah and His messenger and for the near of kin and the orphans and the needy and the wayfarer, that it become not a commodity between the rich among you. " ([Qur'an 59:7])
  8. ^ a b Ahl al-Bayt, Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim world. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran

References

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