The term African people can be used in two ways. First, it may refer to all people who live in Africa, see also demographics of Africa. The population of Africa has grown exponentially over the past century and consequently shows a large Youth bulge, further reinforced by a low Second, it is commonly used to describe people who trace their recent ancestry to indigenous inhabitants of Africa. The term Indigenous Peoples or autochthonous peoples can be used to describe any Ethnic group who inhabit a geographic region with which they have the earliest historical This includes members of the "African diaspora" resulting from the Atlantic Slave Trade such as (in order of population size) Afro-Latinos, African Americans, Afro Carribeans and African-Canadians. The African diaspora was the movement of Africans and their descendants to places throughout the world - predominantly to the Americas, then later to Europe, the The Atlantic Slave trade, also known as the transatlantic slave trade, was the trade of African people supplied to the Colonies of the New World An Afro-Latin American (also Afro-Latino) is a Latin American person of at least partial Black African ancestry the term may also refer to historical African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Black Canadians', Caribbean Canadians, and African Canadians are designations used for people of Black African descent who reside in

The term Black people is often used as a synonym for people of recent African ancestry (in particular Sub-Saharan Africa) particularly in the Americas, and Europe, although the two terms are not synonymous in many other countries. The term black people usually refers to a racial group of Humans with dark Skin color, but the term has also been used to categorise a number of diverse Sub-Saharan Africa is a geographical term used to describe the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara, or those African countries

The native population of Africa exhibits greater genetic variation than that of populations in any other continent, including, for instance L1 and L2 as well as the more widespread L3 mtDNA haplogroups. In Human genetics, Haplogroup L1 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA haplogroup. In Human genetics, Haplogroup L2 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA haplogroup. In Human genetics, Haplogroup L3 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA haplogroup. In Human genetics, a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup is a Haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA.

The people of Africa

The African continent is today home to many different groups of people with established culture and history in the land over several centuries. A people of a wide range of phenotypical traits, both indigenous and foreign to the continent, diverse origins, as well as several cultural, communal, artistic traits ranging in similarity. Distinctions within the African continent itself such as the different climates across the continent have nurtured diversity in lifestyles amidst its inhabitants within its deserts and jungles, some of the African population living in modern cities across the nation as well.

Prehistoric populations

Study of the Y-Chromosome show that three waves of migration from Africa populated the world with Homo sapiens sapiens.

Study of Mitochondrial DNA show that the original Homo sapiens sapiens population in Africa has diverged into three main lines of descent, identified as L1, L2, and L3. See the world map here.

Family resemblances have probably been apparent and noted during all of human history, but during the second half of the twentieth century, information became available that could link very specific and measurable traits to the genetic inheritance of those who bore those traits. As with a photograph that is being put up random pixel by random pixel, it has often been impossible to guess how later-arriving pixels would modify and complete the picture. Sometime alternating ways of interpolating data have been suggested and the dots have been joined in competing ways. This process of gathering more information, retesting old hypotheses, and sometimes forming new hypotheses continues today. As more and more of the total picture fills in, it becomes less and less likely that radical changes in the general outlines of the picture can occur. Choices of what data to look at, and how to interpret it, have resulted in some contending pictures, but in general the picture has only become clearer as more information has become available.

Perhaps it is a function of the number of excavations actually performed in given areas, but it is at least suggestive that the five very earliest out of the twelve of earliest archaeological discoveries of Homo sapiens sapiens have been in Africa and the adjacent Arabian peninsula. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus (Homo sapiens neanderthalensis and even more remote members of the genus Homo have their own sites and are not considered here. The Neanderthal (neɪˈændərtɑːl also with /niː-/ and /-θɔːl/ or Neandertal, is an extinct member of the Homo genus that is known from )^[1]

When genetic information became available, it appeared more and more likely that the earliest population of Homo sapiens sapiens evolved first in Africa and later spread over the globe from that single point of origin. Skeletal information available from these earliest sites does not provide information regarding skin color or other adaptations of features of human beings that interact most directly with the local environment.

As early as 1964, A. W. F. Edwards and others had discovered that three populations in Africa were related but distinguishable on the basis of a relatively small set of genetic information (20 alleles). An allele (ˈæliːl (UK /əˈliːl/ (US (from the Greek αλληλος allelos, meaning each other) is one member of a pair or series of different forms Those populations were called Tigre (Ethiopians), Bantu (in southern Africa), and Ghanaian (West Africa). The article has so much wrong statements Readers should not take it serious Bantu may refer to Bantu expansion, a series of migrations of Bantu speakers Bantu languages Bantu people The Republic of Ghana is a country in West Africa. It borders Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast to the west Burkina Faso to the north Togo to the

When general anthropometrics were taken as the criteria for grouping, the African population was split into a different three groups: the more closely related Pygmy (such as the Mbuti) and Bushmen (such as the Khoisan) and the Bantu. Anthropometry ( Greek άνθρωπος man and μέτρον measure literally meaning "measurement of humans" in Physical anthropology, refers to the The Mbuti people or Bambuti as they are collectively called are one of several indigenous Hunter-gatherer groups in the Congo region of The Bushmen, San, Sho, Basarwa, ǃKung or Khwe are indigenous people of southern Africa that spans most areas of South Africa Khoisan (increasingly commonly spelled Khoesan or Khoe-San) is the name for two major Ethnic groups of Southern Africa. Bantu may refer to Bantu expansion, a series of migrations of Bantu speakers Bantu languages Bantu people ^[2]

By 1988 more genetic details were known, more groups could be distinguished on the basis of genetic information, but the relationships among these groups were accounted as different depending on which was the data was construed. The groups analyzed at this time were Bantu, Berber and North African, Ethiopian, Mbuti Pygmy, Nilotic, San (Bushman), West African. Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page Nilotic people or Nilotes, in its contemporary usage refers to some Ethnic groups mainly in Southern Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, and northern West Africa or Western Africa is the Westernmost Region of the African Continent. ^[3]

In 1994, Cavalli-Sforza Menozzi, and Piazza systematized information in their major publication, The History and Geography of Human Genes, Fig. 2. 3. 5, p. 82. The chart given there mentions much the same list: West African, Nilo-Saharan, Bantu, Mbuti, East African, San and Berber. Note that the list is given in rough sequence, bottom to top, of the lower right quadrant in which they are all graphed. It says nothing about the historical sequences connecting these groups. The San are regarded as being most similar in anthropometric terms to the archaeological information regarding the earliest Homo sapiens sapiens. Other groups may have diverged more and more from the ancestral San types (and their progeny) as a result of moving into more and more different environments. The East Africans and the Berbers are located closest to the land connection to the rest of the world by way of which early Africans must have migrated out into the rest of the world, and through which any travelers from outside Africa may have occasionally returned to their ancestral homeland in the course of their wanderings.

The linguistic differences among these populations correspond closely to their genetic differences except in the case of the Mbuti who appear to have adopted another language for their own.

A representation of genetic distances by one analysis

In his recent book,^[4] Spencer Wells traces the migration of the early Africans beyond their own continent by noting the appearance of new genetic markers on the Y-chromosome as the migrations progressed. The Y chromosome is the sex-determining Chromosome in most Mammals including Humans In mammals it contains the gene SRY, which triggers

Studies of mitochondrial DNA conducted within the continent of Africa have shown that the indigenous population has diverged into three diverent main lines of descent.

A number of other scholars such as Alan Templeton hold that support is found for traditional racial categories only because many studies use the pre-defined categories to begin with, and subsequently insert data into those categories rather than let data speak for its self. ^[5] Tempeton uses modern DNA analysis to argue that human "races" were never "pure", and that human evolution is based on "many locally differentiated populations coexisting at any given time" - a single lineage with many locally gradated variants, all sharing a common fate. Likewise Tishkoff and Kidd maintain that while there are very broad geographical clusterings of populations, slicing these up into racial zones or classifications do not adequately describe the distribution of genetic variation in humans or their evolution. The broad pattern is indicative of genetic drift from African origins of mankind, followed by expansion out of Africa and across the rest of the globe. ^[6]

Researchers such as Richard Lewontin maintain that most of the variation (80-85%) within human population is found within local geographic groups and differences attributable to traditional "race" groups are a minor part of human genetic variability (1-15%). Richard Charles "Dick" Lewontin (born March 29, 1929) is an American Evolutionary biologist (Richard Lewontin, "The Apportionment of Human Diversity," Evolutionary Biology, vol. 6 (1972) pp. 391-398). ^[7] Several other researchers (Barbajuni, Latter, Dean, et. al) have replicated Lewontin's results. ^[8] According to a study by researcher L. Luca Cavalli-Sforza:

It is often taken for granted that the human species is divided in rather homogeneous groups or races, among which biological differences are large. Studies of allele frequencies do not support this view, but they have not been sufficient to rule it out either. We analyzed human molecular diversity at 109 DNA markers, namely 30 microsatellite loci and 79 polymorphic restriction sites (restriction fragment length polymorphism loci) in 16 populations of the world. By partitioning genetic variances at three hierarchical levels of population subdivision, we found that differences between members of the same population account for 84. 4% of the total, which is in excellent agreement with estimates based on allele frequencies of classic, protein polymorphisms. Genetic variation remains high even within small population groups. On the average, microsatellite and restriction fragment length polymorphism loci yield identical estimates. Differences among continents represent roughly 1/10 of human molecular diversity, which does not suggest that the racial subdivision of our species reflects any major discontinuity in our genome. ^[9]

In the wake of this research, a number of writers question the classification of African peoples like Ethiopians into "Caucasian" groups, holding that given the minor proportion of human genetic diversity attributable to "race", grouping of such African peoples is arbitrary and flawed, and that DNA analysis points to a range or gradation of types rather than distinct racial categories. Rather than arbitrarily allocating such African groups to a European "race", the range of physical characteristics like skin color, hair or facial features are more than adequately covered by the 80-85% of differentiation within local geographic groupings. In addition, they argue, African peoples show a wide range of human variation, but that racial models often depend on definition of African peoples as a stereotypical "true type" south of the Sahara- allowing certain northeast African groups to be assigned elsewhere - while making no attempt to follow the same approach with European peoples. ^[10]

Indigenous peoples and ancient settlers

Speakers of Bantu languages (part of the Niger-Congo language family) are the majority in southern, central and east Africa proper. The Bantu languages (technically Narrow Bantu languages) constitute a grouping belonging to the Niger-Congo family The Niger-Congo languages constitute one of the world's major language families, and Africa 's largest in terms of geographical area number of speakers and number But there are also several Nilotic groups in East Africa, and a few remaining indigenous Khoisan ('San' or 'Bushmen') and Pygmy peoples in southern and central Africa, respectively. Nilotic people or Nilotes, in its contemporary usage refers to some Ethnic groups mainly in Southern Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, and northern The indigenous peoples of Africa are those Peoples of Africa whose way of life, attachment or claims to particular lands and social and political standing in relation The Bushmen, San, Sho, Basarwa, ǃKung or Khwe are indigenous people of southern Africa that spans most areas of South Africa The Bushmen, San, Sho, Basarwa, ǃKung or Khwe are indigenous people of southern Africa that spans most areas of South Africa Pygmies (singular Pygmy) refers to a member of any human group whose adult males grow to less than 150 cm (4 feet 11 inches in average height or less than 155 cm Bantu-speaking Africans also predominate in Gabon and Equatorial Guinea, and are found in parts of southern Cameroon and southern Somalia. In the Kalahari Desert of Southern Africa, the distinct people known as the Bushmen (also "San", closely related to, but distinct from "Hottentots") have long been present. The San are physically distinct from other Africans and are the indigenous people of southern Africa. Pygmies are the pre-Bantu indigenous peoples of central Africa.

The peoples of North Africa comprise two main groups; Berber and Arabic-speaking peoples in the west, and Egyptians in the east. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language This article is about the contemporary North African ethnic group The Arabs who arrived in the seventh century introduced the Arabic language and Islam to North Africa. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The Semitic Phoenicians and Jews, the Iranian Alans, and the European Greeks, Romans and Vandals settled in North Africa as well. Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun Since Biblical times the Jewish people have had close ties with Africa beginning with Abraham 's sojourns in Egypt, and later the Israelite captivity under The Alans or Alani (occasionally but more rarely termed Alauni or Halani) were an Iranian nomadic group among the Sarmatian people The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Berbers still make up the majority in Morocco, while they are a significant minority within Algeria. Morocco (المغرب "al-Maghrib" officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية is a country located in North Africa Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's They are also present in Tunisia and Libya. Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab The Tuareg and other often-nomadic peoples are the principal inhabitants of the Saharan interior of North Africa. The Tuareg (also Twareg or Touareg, Amazigh: Imuhagh / Itargiyen, besides regional ethnyms are a Nomadic Nubians are a Nilo-Saharan-speaking group (though many also speak Arabic), who developed an ancient civilization in northeast Africa. The Nubians (Arabic نوبي Nuubi are an ethnic group originally from northern Sudan, now inhabiting East Africa and some parts of Northeast Africa in southern Egypt The Nilo-Saharan languages are a hypothetical group of African languages spoken mainly in the upper parts of the Chari and Nile rivers (hence the term

Some Ethiopian and Eritrean groups (like the Amhara and Tigrayans, collectively known as "Habesha") speak Semitic languages. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page Eritrea () ( Ge'ez: ኤርትራ ʾErtrā, Arabic: إرتريا Iritriya) officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in Amhara ( Amharic: አማራ Ge'ez: አምሐራ is an Ethnic group in the central highlands of Ethiopia. The article has so much wrong statements Readers should not take it serious The term Habesha ( Ge'ez ሐበሻ ḥabaśā, Amh hābešā, Tgn The Semitic languages are a Language family whose living representatives are spoken by more than 467 million people across much of the Middle East, The Oromo and Somali peoples speak Cushitic languages, but some Somali clans trace their founding to legendary Arab founders. Somalis ( Soomaaliyeed, الصوماليون are an ethnic group located in the Horn of Africa, also known as the Somali Peninsula. The Cushitic languages are a branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken in the Horn of Africa. Sudan and Mauritania are divided between a mostly Arabized north and a native African south (although the "Arabs" of Sudan clearly have a predominantly native African ancestry themselves). Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. Mauritania (موريتانيا Mūrītāniyā officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country Some areas of East Africa, particularly the island of Zanzibar and the Kenyan island of Lamu, received Arab Muslim and Southwest Asian settlers and merchants throughout the Middle Ages and in antiquity. Zanzibar ( is part of the East African republic of Tanzania. It consists of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Lamu Island is a part of the Lamu Archipelago of Kenya. The island is linked by Ferry to Mokowe on the mainland and to Manda Island Arab diaspora refers to the numbers of Arab immigrants, and their descendants who voluntarily or as Refugees emigrated from their native countries Southwest Asia or Southwestern Asia (largely overlapping with the Middle East) is the southwestern portion of Asia.

Modern colonisation

European

Beginning in the sixteenth century, Europeans such as the Portuguese and Dutch began to establish trading posts and forts along the coasts of western and southern Africa. The Portuguese people (os Portugueses literally the Portuguese) are the Ethnic group or Nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west The Dutch people ( Dutch:) are the dominant Ethnic group of the Netherlands. A trading post is a place where the trading of goods takes place Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for Eventually, a large number of Dutch augmented by French Huguenots and Germans settled in what is today South Africa. The Huguenots were members of the Protestant Reformed Church of France (or French Calvinists) from the sixteenth to the eighteenth The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Their descendants, the Afrikaners and the Coloureds, are the largest European-descended groups in Africa today. The term Afrikaner people refers to white Afrikaans -speaking people who have been established in Southern Africa since the 17th century and are mainly of northwestern In the South African Namibian Zambian Botswanan and Zimbabwean context the term Coloured (also known as Bruinmense In the nineteenth century, a second phase of colonization brought a large number of French and British settlers to Africa. Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 The Portuguese settled mainly in Angola, but also in Mozambique. The Italians settled in Libya, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia. The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Eritrea () ( Ge'ez: ኤርትራ ʾErtrā, Arabic: إرتريا Iritriya) officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known The French settled in large numbers in Algeria where they became known collectively as pieds-noirs, and on a smaller scale in other areas of North and West Africa as well as in Madagascar. Algeria ( ar [[Arabic]] الجزائر, Al Jaza'ir ælʤæˈzæːʔir Amazigh: ⴷⵥⴰⵢⴻⵔ Dzayer) officially the People's Pied-Noir ("Black-Foot" plural Pieds-Noirs, pronounced /pje The British settled chiefly in South Africa as well as the colony of Rhodesia, and in the highlands of what is now Kenya. Rhodesia was the name adopted when the formerly British colony of Southern Rhodesia declared itself independent ( Unilateral Declaration of Independence The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south Germans settled in what is now Tanzania and Namibia, and there is still a population of German-speaking white Namibians. Tanzania ˌtænzəˈniːə officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania is a country in East Africa bordered by Kenya Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa on the Atlantic coast Smaller numbers of European soldiers, businessmen, and officials also established themselves in administrative centers such as Nairobi and Dakar. Nairobi (naɪˈroʊbɪ is the capital and largest city of Kenya. For the Dakar Rally see Dakar Rally. For the Israeli submarine see INS Dakar. Decolonization during the 1960s often resulted in the mass emigration of European-descended settlers out of Africa — especially from Algeria, Angola, Kenya and Rhodesia. However, in South Africa and Namibia, the white minority remained politically dominant after independence from Europe, and a significant population of Europeans remained in these two countries even after democracy was finally instituted at the end of the Cold War. The term "liberal" in "liberal democracy" does not imply that the government of such a democracy must follow the political ideology of Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the South Africa has also become the preferred destination of white Anglo-Zimbabweans, and of migrants from all over southern Africa. A small number of people of European ethnic origin ( Whites) first came as settlers to the African country now known as Zimbabwe during the late nineteenth century

Indian

European colonization also brought sizable groups of Asians, particularly people from the Indian subcontinent, to British colonies. Asian or Asiatic is a Demonym for people from Asia. However the use of the term varies by country and person often referring to people from a particular This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. Large Indian communities are found in South Africa, and smaller ones are present in Kenya, Tanzania, and some other southern and east African countries. A non-resident Indian (NRI is an Indian citizen who has migrated to another country a person of Indian origin who is born outside India or a person of The large Indian community in Uganda was expelled by the dictator Idi Amin in 1972, though many have since returned. The Republic of Uganda is a Landlocked country in East Africa. Idi Amin Dada (mid 1920s &ndash 16 August 2003 commonly known as Idi Amin, was a Ugandan military dictator and the President of Uganda The islands in the Indian Ocean are also populated primarily by people of South Asian origin, often mixed with Africans and Europeans. The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface ^[11]

The Malagasy people of Madagascar are a Austronesian people, but those along the coast are generally mixed with Bantu, Arab, Indian and European origins. The Malagasy ( French: Malgache) ethnic group forms the vast majority of the population of Madagascar. Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic) is an Island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern The Austronesian people or Austronesian-speaking people, are a population group present in Oceania and Southeast Asia who speak or had ancestors who spoke Malay and Indian ancestries are also important components in the group of people known in South Africa as Cape Coloureds (people with origins in two or more races and continents). The term Cape Coloureds refers to the modern-day descendants of slave labourers imported into South Africa by Dutch settlers as well as to other groups

Others

During the past century or so, small but economically important colonies of Lebanese^[12] and Chinese^[13] have also developed in the larger coastal cities of West and East Africa, respectively. About 91% of the population of Lebanon is urban and comprises many different ethnic groups and religions including numerous Christian and Muslim sects West Africa or Western Africa is the Westernmost Region of the African Continent. East Africa is the Easternmost Region of the African Continent. ^[14]

Contemporary demographics

Main article: Demographics of Africa

Total population of Africa is estimated at 888 million as of 2006, projected to reach 1 billion by 2015. The population of Africa has grown exponentially over the past century and consequently shows a large Youth bulge, further reinforced by a low

The demographics of Africa is characterized by high population growth, high infant mortality, low life expectancy (partly due to malnutrition and HIV) and poverty (low Human development index). Population growth is the change in Population over time and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals in a population using "per unit time" for Infant mortality is defined as the number of deaths of Infants (one year of age or younger per 1000 live births Life expectancy is the average number of years of life remaining at a given age Malnutrition is a general term for a medical condition caused by an improper or insufficient diet. The HIV / AIDS epidemics spreading through the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa are highly varied Poverty (also called penury) is deprivation of common necessities that determine the quality of life including food clothing shelter and safe Drinking water, and The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP

These characteristics mostly apply to Central and sub-Saharan Africa, with the Mediterranean (Arabic) North and South Africa showing different patterns. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa

African-descended people outside Africa

Main article: African diaspora

Recently, the idea of an African diaspora, encompassing all people of African identity regardless of where they live, has emerged. The African diaspora was the movement of Africans and their descendants to places throughout the world - predominantly to the Americas, then later to Europe, the The African diaspora was the movement of Africans and their descendants to places throughout the world - predominantly to the Americas, then later to Europe, the There are substantial newcomer populations of people descended from indigenous Africans outside Africa, most notably in Brazil, the United States, Canada and the Caribbean, as a result of the forcible removal of their ancestors from Africa through slavery and the historical Atlantic slave trade. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another The Atlantic Slave trade, also known as the transatlantic slave trade, was the trade of African people supplied to the Colonies of the New World There are also large populations of people of African descent in many South and Central American countries such as: Brazil, Suriname, Guyana, Panama, Honduras, and Belize. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Suriname ( Dutch: Suriname; Sranan Tongo: Sranan) officially the Republic of Suriname (traditionally spelled Surinam by Guyana (ɡaɪˈænə or /ɡiːˈɑːnə/ officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and previously known as British Guiana, is the only Nation state Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. Honduras in Spanish, República de Honduras) is a democratic republic in Central America. Belize (bəˈliːz formerly British Honduras, is a country in Central America. Brazil received one of the largest amounts of African slaves out of all of the countries in the Americas and today has the largest population of people of African descent of any country outside of Africa.

There are also substantial minority populations in Europe of African-descended people who emigrated to Europe, and Europe is a popular destination for recent migrants from Africa. "Emigrant" redirects here For the Butterflies, see Catopsilia.

African identity

The term "African" has been used to describe people in a wide variety of contexts.

African Americans

In particular, people who identify themselves as African American acknowledge the fact that they are of African descent, though in most cases they and their ancestors have lived outside Africa for hundreds of years and may have significant non-African ancestry. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa

Pan Africanism

The Pan Africanist Marcus Garvey was an important proponent of the Pan Africanism, which encouraged those of African descent to look favorably upon their ancestral homelands. Pan-Africanism is a Sociopolitical World view, and Philosophy, as well as a movement which seeks to unify both Native Africans and those of Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr, National Hero of Jamaica (17 August 1887 10 June 1940 was a Publisher, Journalist, Entrepreneur, Black nationalist Pan-Africanism is a Sociopolitical World view, and Philosophy, as well as a movement which seeks to unify both Native Africans and those of A homeland (rel Country of origin and native land) is the concept of the territory ( Cultural geography) to which an Ethnic group This movement would eventually inspire other movements ranging from the Nation of Islam to the Rastafari movement (which proclaimed him a prophet). The Nation of Islam ( NOI) (أمة الإسلام Ummah al-Islāmu) is a group founded in Detroit, Michigan, The Rastafari movement (also known as Rastafari, Rastafarianism or simply Rasta) is a monotheistic, Abrahamic, New Testament Garvey said he wanted those of African ancestry to "redeem" Africa and for the European colonial powers to leave it. An ancestor is a Parent or ( recursively) the parent of an ancestor (i

See also

• African Diaspora
• Afro-Latino
• Afro-Australian
• Black Hispanic
• List of African ethnic groups
• List of topics related to Black and African people

References