Citizendia
Your Ad Here

For the African-American cinema genre, see blaxploitation. Blaxploitation is a Film genre that emerged in the United States in the early 1970s when many Exploitation films were made that targeted the urban
African cinema

The term African cinema usually refers to the film production in countries in Sub-Saharan Africafollowing formal independence, which for many countries happened in the 1960s. Cinema in Burkina Faso is an important part of West African and African film industry Egyptian cinema is Egypt 's flourishing Egyptian Arabic -language film industry based in Cairo. Cinema of Kenya refers to the film industry of Kenya. Although a very small industry in western comparison Kenya has produced or been a location for film since the early 1950s Morocco knew cinema since 1897 through the filming of "Le chevrier Marocain" (The Moroccan goatkeeper by Louis Lumière. Cinema in Niger grew from ethnographic documentaries in the colonial period to become one of the most active national film cultures in Francophone Africa Nollywood redirects here For the Nollywood TV channel in the UK see Nollywood Movies (TV channel. Storytelling is an ancient custom in Somali culture. Love of cinema in Somalia is but a modern visual incarnation and continuation of this well-established oral tradition Cinema of South Africa refers to the films and Film industry of the nation of South Africa. Somaliwood is an informal name for the Somali-language film industry that has developed in the diaspora community of Columbus Ohio, centered around the Sub-Saharan Africa is a geographical term used to describe the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara, or those African countries The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 Some of the countries which belong geographically to Africa (Egypt, for example) had developed a national film industry much earlier. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Often, African Cinema also includes African directors living in the diaspora. The African diaspora was the movement of Africans and their descendants to places throughout the world - predominantly to the Americas, then later to Europe, the

Contents

History

Film during the colonial era

During the colonial era, Africa was represented in cinema by Western filmmakers. The continent was represented as being without history or culture. Examples of cinema about Africa shot during the colonial era include jungle epics such as Tarzan and The African Queen, and various adaptations of H. Rider Haggard's 1885 novel titled King Solomon's Mines. Tarzan is a Fictional character, an archetypal Feral child raised in the African jungle by Apes who later returns to civilization only to The African Queen is a Drama film directed by John Huston and produced by Sam Spiegel (billed as "S Sir Henry Rider Haggard KBE ( 22 June 1856 &ndash 14 May 1925) was a prolific writer of Adventure novels set King Solomon's Mines ( 1885) is a popular Novel by the Victorian adventure writer and Fabulist, Sir H [1]

As with many African writers, for example Chinua Achebe, repudiating stereotypes and images about Africa and Africans was an important motivation for many African film makers.

In the French colonies, filmmaking was formally forbidden to Africans. The first francophone African film, L’Afrique sur Seine by Paulin Soumanou Vieyra, was actually shot in Paris in 1955. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar)

Before independence, only a few anti-colonial films were produced. Examples of this include Les statues meurent aussi by Chris Marker and Alain Resnais about European robbery of African art (which was banned by the French for 10 years), or Afrique 50 by René Vauthier about anti-colonial riots in Cote D'Ivoire and in Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso). Chris Marker (born 29 July 1921 is a French Writer, Photographer, Film director, Multimedia artist and documentary maker Alain Resnais (born June 3 1922 in Vannes, France) is a French Film director whose early works are often grouped within the New Wave or Côte d'Ivoire (ˌkoʊt divˈwɑː(r ' in English, kot diˈvwaʀ in French) or Ivory Coast, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a Burkina Faso (bɚˌkiːnəˈfɑːsoʊ burr-KEE-na FAH-soh) also known by its short-form name Burkina, is a Landlocked nation in West Africa

Many of the ethnographic films produced in the colonial era by Jean Rouch and others were rejected by African film makers because in their view they distorted African realities. Ethnography ( Greek ethnos = people and graphein = writing is a genre of writing that uses Fieldwork to provide a descriptive Jean Rouch ( 31 May 1917 - 18 February 2004) was a French filmmaker and Anthropologist.

1960s and 70s

The first African film to win international recognition was Ousmane Sembène's La Noire de. Ousmane Sembène ( January 1, 1923 &mdash June 9, 2007) often credited in the French style as Sembène Ousmane in articles and reference . . also known as Black Girl. It showed the despair of an African woman who has to work as a maid in France. The writer Sembène had turned to cinema to reach a wider audience. He is still considered to be the 'father' of African Cinema. Sembène's native country Senegal continued to be the most important place of African film production for more than a decade. Senegal (le Sénégal officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country south of the Sénégal River in western Africa.

With the of the African film festival FESPACO in Burkina Faso in 1969, African film created its own forum. The Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou ( Festival panafricain du cinéma et de la télévision de Ouagadougou or FESPACO) is the largest African Burkina Faso (bɚˌkiːnəˈfɑːsoʊ burr-KEE-na FAH-soh) also known by its short-form name Burkina, is a Landlocked nation in West Africa Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. FESPACO now takes place every two years in alternation with the film festival Carthago in (Tunisia). Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa.

The Federation of African Filmmakers (FEPACI) was formed in 1969 in order to focus attention on the promotion of African film industries in terms of production, distribution and exhibition. From its inception, FEPACI was seen as a critical partner organization to the OAU, now the AU. FEPACI looks at the role of film in the politico-economic and cultural development of African states and the continent as a whole.

Med Hondo's O soleil O, shot in 1969, was immediately recognized. Politically not less engaged then Sembène, he chose a more controversial filmic language to show what it means to be a stranger in France with the 'wrong' skin colour.

Djibril Diop Mambéty's sophisticated comedy Touki-Bouki (1973), about a young couple in Dakar who want to make a trip to Paris at all costs, is still considered one of the best African films ever made. Djibril Diop Mambéty (January 1945 - July 23, 1998) was a Senegalese Film director, actor orator composer and poet

1980s and beyond

Souleymane Cissé's Yeelen (Mali 1987) and Cheick Oumar Sissoko's Guimba (Mali 1995) were well received in the west. Some critics criticized the filmmakers for adapting to the exotic tastes of western audiences

Many films of the 1990s, e. Exoticism (from 'exotic' is a trend in Art and Design, influenced by some ethnic groups or civilizations since the late 19th-century g. Quartier Mozart by Jean-Pierre Bekolo (Cameroon 1992), are situated in the globalized African metropolis.

A first African Film Summit took place in South Africa in 2006. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. It was followed by FEPACI 9th Congress.

Production and reception

African film makers often have difficulty accessing African audiences. The commercial cinemas in Africa often have to book blindly and show primarily Hollywood or Bollywood films. Bollywood (बॉलीवूड بالی وڈ is the informal term popularly used for the Mumbai -based Hindi-language Film industry in India However, there are still limited venues where African audiences have access to African films, e. g. at the Panafrican film festival in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Ouagadougou (ˌwɑgəˈduːguː Mossi wɑgədəgə is the Capital of Burkina Faso and the administrative Burkina Faso (bɚˌkiːnəˈfɑːsoʊ burr-KEE-na FAH-soh) also known by its short-form name Burkina, is a Landlocked nation in West Africa Most African filmmakers still rely heavily on European institutions for financing and producing their films. A commercially viable video production has been set up in Nigeria, colloquially known as Nollywood. Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal Nollywood redirects here For the Nollywood TV channel in the UK see Nollywood Movies (TV channel.

Mission

The political approach of African film makers is clearly evident in the Charte du cinéaste africain (Charta of the African cinéaste) which the union of African film makers FEPACI adopted in Algiers in 1975. Algiers (الجزائر Algerian Arabic: Dzayer ( (From kabyle pronunciation Kabyle: Ledzayer, Alger) is the Capital and largest Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The filmmakers start by recalling the neocolonial condition of African societies. Neocolonialism is a term used by post-colonial critics of Developed countries ' involvement in the developing world "The situation contemporary African societies live in is one in which they are dominated on several levels: politically, economically and culturally. " African filmmakers stressed their solidarity with progressive filmmakers in other parts of the world. African cinema is often seen a part of Third Cinema. Third Cinema (Tercer Cine is a Latin American film movement of the 1960s-70s which decries Neocolonialism, the capitalist system and the Hollywood

In the words of Souleymane Cissé: "African filmmakers' first task is to show that people here are human beings and to help people discover the African values that can be of service to others. Souleymane Cissé (born April 21, 1940 in Bamako) is a Malian Film director. The following generation will branch out into other aspects of film. Our duty is to make people understand that white people have lied through their images. " (Thackway, p. 39)

Some African filmmakers, e. g. Ousmane Sembène, try to give back African history to African people by remembering the resistance to European and Islamic domination.

The role of the African filmmaker is often compared to traditional Griots. A griot ( pronounced /gɹiɒ/ in English or in French, with a silent t) or jeli ( djeli or djéli in French Like them their task is to express and reflect communal experiences. Patterns of African oral literature often recur in African films. African film has also been influenced by traditions from other continents such as Italian neorealism, Brazilian Cinema Novo and the theatre of Bertolt Brecht. Italian neorealism is a style of film characterized by stories set amongst the poor and Working class, filmed on location frequently using nonprofessional Actors This article is on the Brazilian film movement For the Portuguese movement see Cinema of Portugal. (born; 10 February 1898&ndash14 August 1956 was a German Poet, Playwright, and Theatre director.

Women directors

Ethnologist and filmmaker Safi Faye was the first African women film director to gain international recognition. Safi Faye (b November 22 1943) is a Senegalese Film director and ethnologist.

In 1972, Sarah Maldoror had shot her film Sambizanga about the 1961-1974 war in Angola. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sarah Maldoror, born Sarah Ducados in Gers, France is a black French film director The Portuguese Colonial War (Guerra Colonial also known as the Overseas War in Portugal (Guerra do Ultramar or in the former colonies as the Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola Pronounced ʁɛˈpublikɐ dɨ ɐ̃ˈgɔlɐ Repubilika ya Ngola is a country in south-central Surviving African women of this war are the subject of the Documentary Les oubliées (The forgotten), made by Anne-Laure Folly twenty years later. Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt in one fashion or another to " Document " reality

Directors by country

Films about African cinema

Bibliography

See also

References

  1. ^ Murphy, David (2000). Somaliwood is an informal name for the Somali-language film industry that has developed in the diaspora community of Columbus Ohio, centered around the African literature refers to the literature of and for the African peoples A list of African Films by Country of origin Please note that this list may not be entirely accurate or up-to-date Political Cinema in the narrow sense of the term is a cinema which portrays current or historical events or social conditions in a partisan way in order to inform or to agitate the spectator Third Cinema (Tercer Cine is a Latin American film movement of the 1960s-70s which decries Neocolonialism, the capitalist system and the Hollywood World cinema is a term used primarily in English language speaking countries to refer to the Films and film industries of non-English speaking countries "Africans Filming Africa: Questioning Theories of an Authentic African Cinema". Journal of African Cultural Studies 13 (2): 239–249. doi:10.1080/713674315. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.  

External links

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic