| Afonso I | |
| King of Portugal | |
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| Reign | April 24, 1112 (succeeds his father) June 24, 1128 (defeats his mother) July 26, 1139 (proclaims himself King) October 5, 1143 (recognized by León) May 1, 1144 (recognized as a vassal of the Holy See by the Pope) 1179 (recognized as King by the Pope — 6 December 1185 |
|---|---|
| Coronation | July 26, 1139 |
| Full name | Afonso Henriques of Burgundy |
| Titles | Count of Portugal, Dux of Portugal, Prince of Portugal |
| Born | July 25, 1109 |
| Birthplace | Castle of Guimarães, Guimarães, County of Portugal, Kingdom of León |
| Died | December 6, 1185 (aged 76) |
| Place of death | Coimbra, Kingdom of Portugal |
| Buried | Santa Cruz Monastery, Coimbra, District of Coimbra, Portugal |
| Predecessor | Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal (de jure) Teresa of León, Countess of Portugal (de facto) |
| Heirs sister son sister daughter son |
Urraca Henriques (1139–1147) Infante Henrique (1147) Urraca Henriques (1147–1148) Infanta Mafalda (1148–1154) Infante Sancho (future Sancho I) (1154–1185) |
| Successor | Sancho I of Portugal |
| Consort | Maud of Savoy |
| Consort | Queen |
| Issue | Infante Henrique (1147) Infanta Mafalda (1148–c. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople LEON is a Computer CPU core specifically a 32-bit Microprocessor based on RISC design Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. The Holy See is the episcopal jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, commonly known as the Pope, and is the preeminent Episcopal see of the Roman Catholic History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler The Guimarães Castle, located in the city of Guimarães, Portugal, was ordered to be built by Dona Mumadona Dias in the 10th century in order Guimarães (gimɐˈɾɐ̃j̃ʃ is a city and municipality in northwestern Portugal in the province of Minho and in the district of Braga Condado Portucalense was the second County founded in Portugal. Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Coimbra (kuˈĩbɾɐ is a city and a municipality in Portugal, former capital of the country during the first dynasty period and home to the University of Coimbra The Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal 's general designation under the monarchy. The Santa Cruz Monastery, ( English: Monastery of the Holy Cross Portuguese: Mosteiro de Santa Cruz, best known as Igreja (Church de Santa Cruz Coimbra (kuˈĩbɾɐ is a city and a municipality in Portugal, former capital of the country during the first dynasty period and home to the University of Coimbra The District of Coimbra ( pron ku'ĩbɾɐ is located in the Centre of Portugal, the District Capital is the city of Coimbra. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Henry of Burgundy Count of Portugal (1066&ndash1112 was Count of Portugal from 1093 to his death Queen Theresa of Portugal Countess of Portugal, (Portuguese Rainha Dona Teresa Condessa de Portugal) (sometimes Infanta Teresa of León) (1080 &ndash Sancho I (ˈsɐʃu nicknamed the Populator ( Portuguese o Povoador) second monarch of Portugal, was born on November 11 1154 Sancho I (ˈsɐʃu nicknamed the Populator ( Portuguese o Povoador) second monarch of Portugal, was born on November 11 1154 Maud of Savoy (1125–1158 also known as Mafalda, Mahaut or Matilda (in Portuguese always as Mafalda)was the first queen of 1160) Infanta Urraca, Queen of León (c. Infanta Urraca of Portugal ( Coimbra, 1151 &ndash 16 October 1188; pron 1151–1188) Infante Sancho (future Sancho I) (1154–1212) Infanta Teresa, Countess of Flanders (1157–1218) Infante João (1160) Infanta Sancha (1160) |
| Royal House | Capetian House of Burgundy |
| Dynasty | Affonsine Dynasty |
| Father | Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal |
| Mother | Teresa of León, Countess of Portugal |
Afonso I (English Alphonzo or Alphonse), more commonly known as Afonso Henriques (pronounced [ɐˈfõsu ẽˈʁikɨʃ]), or also Affonso (Archaic Portuguese), Alfonso or Alphonso (Portuguese-Galician) or Alphonsus (Latin version), (Viseu, 1109, traditionally July 25 – Coimbra, 1185 December 6), also known as the Conqueror (Port. o Conquistador), was the first King of Portugal, declaring his independence from León. Sancho I (ˈsɐʃu nicknamed the Populator ( Portuguese o Povoador) second monarch of Portugal, was born on November 11 1154 Infanta Teresa of Portugal ( pron tɨ'ɾezɐ or) was a Portuguese Infanta, being the third daughter of Portuguese 1st King Afonso Henriques For a full history of the Capetian family see Capetian dynasty. This article is about the ducal house which ruled Portugal for the comital house which ruled in Castile and León see Anscarids. This article is about the ducal house which ruled Portugal for the comital house which ruled in Castile and León see Anscarids. Henry of Burgundy Count of Portugal (1066&ndash1112 was Count of Portugal from 1093 to his death Queen Theresa of Portugal Countess of Portugal, (Portuguese Rainha Dona Teresa Condessa de Portugal) (sometimes Infanta Teresa of León) (1080 &ndash English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Galician-Portuguese (also known as galego-português or galaico-português in Portuguese and as galego-portugués or galaico-portugués Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Vişeu is also a River in northern Romania. Viseu (viˈzew is both a city (capital of the Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Coimbra (kuˈĩbɾɐ is a city and a municipality in Portugal, former capital of the country during the first dynasty period and home to the University of Coimbra Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Portuguese Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula.
Contents |
Life
Afonso I was the son of Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal and Teresa of León, the illegitimate daughter of King Alfonso VI of Castile and León. Henry of Burgundy Count of Portugal (1066&ndash1112 was Count of Portugal from 1093 to his death Queen Theresa of Portugal Countess of Portugal, (Portuguese Rainha Dona Teresa Condessa de Portugal) (sometimes Infanta Teresa of León) (1080 &ndash Alfonso VI (before June 1040 &ndash June 29 / July 1, 1109) nicknamed the Brave, was King of León from 1065 to 1109 and King of He was proclaimed King on July 26, 1139, immediately after the Battle of Ourique, and died on December 6, 1185 in Coimbra. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus The Battle of Ourique (oˈɾik(ɨ took place in July 25 (St James day 1139, probably in the Countryside outside the town of Ourique, Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev Coimbra (kuˈĩbɾɐ is a city and a municipality in Portugal, former capital of the country during the first dynasty period and home to the University of Coimbra
At the end of the 11th century, the Iberian Peninsula political agenda was mostly concerned with the Reconquista, the driving out of the Muslim successor-states to the Caliphate of Cordoba after its collapse. The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions The Reconquista (a Spanish and Portuguese word for "Reconquest" Arabic: الاسترداد, "Recapturing" was a period A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Caliphate of Córdoba (Arabic خلافة قرطبة ruled the Iberian peninsula ( Al-Andalus) and North Africa from the city of With European military aristocracies focused on the Crusades, Alfonso VI called for the help of the French nobility to deal with the Moors. A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking Aristocracy is a form of Government, where rule is established through an internal struggle over who has the most status and influence over society and internal relations The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Nobility is a government-privileged title which may be either hereditary (see Hereditary titles) or for a lifetime The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent In exchange, he was to give the hands of his daughters in wedlock to the leaders of the expedition and bestow royal privileges to the others. Thus, the royal heiress Urraca of Castile wedded Raymond of Burgundy, younger son of the Count of Burgundy, and her half-sister, princess Teresa of León, wedded his cousin, another French crusader, Henry of Burgundy, younger brother of the Duke of Burgundy. Urraca of Castile (1082 &ndash March 8 1126) was Queen of Castile and León from 1109 to her death Raymond of Burgundy ( Spanish and Portuguese: Raimundo) was the fourth son of William I Count of Burgundy and was Count of Amous. The Free County of Burgundy, in German Freigrafschaft Burgund, was a Medieval County (from 867 to 1678 AD within the traditional province and modern French Queen Theresa of Portugal Countess of Portugal, (Portuguese Rainha Dona Teresa Condessa de Portugal) (sometimes Infanta Teresa of León) (1080 &ndash Henry of Burgundy (1035 – c 1071 was the son and heir of Robert I, Duke of Burgundy. The Duchy of Burgundy was a feudal territory once existing within the Kingdom of France. Henry was made Count of Portugal, a burdensome county south of Galicia, where Moorish incursions and attacks were to be expected. A county is a Land area of Regional Government within a larger State. Galicia (occasionally Galiza) is an autonomous community in northwest Spain. With his wife Teresa as co-ruler of Portugal, Henry withstood the ordeal and held the lands for his father-in-law.
From this wedlock several sons were born, but only one, Afonso Henriques (meaning "Afonso son of Henry") thrived. The boy, probably born around 1109, followed his father as Count of Portugal in 1112, under the tutelage of his mother. The relations between Teresa and her son Afonso proved difficult. Only eleven years old, Afonso already had his own political ideas, greatly different from his mother's. In 1120, the young prince took the side of the archbishop of Braga, a political foe of Teresa, and both were exiled by her orders. Prince, from the Latin root Princeps, is a general term for a Monarch, for a member of a monarch's or former monarch's family and is a In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated Bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others this means that they lead Braga (ˈBrag-uh a city and municipality in northwestern Portugal, is the capital of the district of Braga, the oldest archdiocese Afonso spent the next years away from his own county, under the watch of the bishop. A county is a Land area of Regional Government within a larger State. In 1122 Afonso became fourteen, the adult age in the 12th century. He made himself a knight on his own account in the Cathedral of Zamora, raised an army, and proceeded to take control of his lands. Knight is the English term for a social position originating in the Middle Ages. This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral Zamora is a city in Castile and León, Spain, the capital of the province of Zamora. An army (from Latin Armata "act of arming" via Old French armée) in the broadest sense is the land-based Armed forces Near Guimarães, at the Battle of São Mamede (1128) he overcame the troops under his mother's lover and ally Count Fernando Peres de Trava of Galicia, making her his prisoner and exiling her forever to a monastery in León. Guimarães (gimɐˈɾɐ̃j̃ʃ is a city and municipality in northwestern Portugal in the province of Minho and in the district of Braga The Battle of São Mamede ( Batalha de São Mamede in Portuguese; ˈsɐ̃ũ mɐˈmɛð(ɨ took place on June 24 1128 near Guimarães and is considered Fernão Peres de Trava was a Galician nobleman He was the lover of Countess Teresa of Portugal, mother of the Portuguese first king Afonso Henriques Galicia (occasionally Galiza) is an autonomous community in northwest Spain. A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. History León was founded in the 1st century BC by the Roman legion Legio VI ''Victrix''. Thus the possibility of incorporating Portugal into a Kingdom of Galicia was eliminated and Afonso become sole ruler (Duke of Portugal) after demands for independence from the county's people, church and nobles. He also vanquished Alfonso VII of Castile and León, another of his mother's allies, and thus freed the county from political dependence on the crown of León and Castile. Alfonso VII ( 1 March 1105 &ndash 21 August 1157) called the Emperor, became the King of Galicia in 1111 and King Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. Kingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. On April 6, 1129, Afonso Henriques dictated the writ in which he proclaimed himself Prince of Portugal. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus
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| Afonso Henriques (Afonso I) |
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| Sancho I |
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| Afonso II |
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| Sancho II |
| Afonso III |
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| Denis |
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| Afonso IV |
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| Peter I |
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| Ferdinand I |
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| Beatrice (disputed queen) |
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Afonso then turned his arms against the persistent problem of the Moors in the south. This article is about the ducal house which ruled Portugal for the comital house which ruled in Castile and León see Anscarids. Infanta Mafalda of Portugal ( Coimbra, 1149 &ndash 1160 was a Portuguese ''infanta'', the second child and first daughter of Afonso I of Portugal Infanta Urraca of Portugal ( Coimbra, 1151 &ndash 16 October 1188; pron Sancho I (ˈsɐʃu nicknamed the Populator ( Portuguese o Povoador) second monarch of Portugal, was born on November 11 1154 Infanta Teresa of Portugal ( pron tɨ'ɾezɐ or) was a Portuguese Infanta, being the third daughter of Portuguese 1st King Afonso Henriques Sancho I (ˈsɐʃu nicknamed the Populator ( Portuguese o Povoador) second monarch of Portugal, was born on November 11 1154 Infanta Teresa of Portugal ( Coimbra, 1181 &ndash Lorvão, June 18, 1250; pron Infanta Sancha of Portugal (ˈsɐ̃ʃɐ was a Portuguese Infanta, second daughter of King Sancho I of Portugal and Dulce Berenguer For the Portuguese infanta daughter of Denis of Portugal and Queen of Castile see Constance of Portugal Infanta Constança of Portugal, pron Afonso II ( Portuguese ɐˈfõsu English Alphonzo) or Affonso (Archaic Portuguese Alfonso or Alphonso ( Portuguese-Galician Infante Fernando of Portugal Count of Flanders ( pron fɨɾ'nɐ̃du English Ferdinand; Old French Ferrand) was a Portuguese Infanta Branca of Portugal ( pron 'bɾɐ̃kɐ English: Blanche) was a Portuguese Infanta, eighth child of Portuguese Infanta Berengária of Portugal ( pron bɨɾẽ'gaɾiɐ was a Portuguese Infanta, later Queen consort of Denmark. For the daughter of Afonso see Infanta Mafalda of Portugal. Infanta Mafalda of Portugal ( pron Afonso II ( Portuguese ɐˈfõsu English Alphonzo) or Affonso (Archaic Portuguese Alfonso or Alphonso ( Portuguese-Galician Sancho II (ˈsɐ̃ʃu nicknamed "the Pious" ( Portuguese: o Piedoso) and "the Caped" or "the Capuched" (Portuguese o Capelo Afonso III (ɐˈfõsu in Portuguese; rare English alternatives Alphonzo or Alphonse) or Affonso (Archaic Portuguese Infante Fernando of Portugal (fɨɾˈnɐ̃du or Ferdinand in English, was a Portuguese Infante, son of King Afonso II of Portugal Sancho II (ˈsɐ̃ʃu nicknamed "the Pious" ( Portuguese: o Piedoso) and "the Caped" or "the Capuched" (Portuguese o Capelo Afonso III (ɐˈfõsu in Portuguese; rare English alternatives Alphonzo or Alphonse) or Affonso (Archaic Portuguese Infanta Branca of Portugal ( pron 'bɾɐ̃kɐ Blanche in English, was a Portuguese Infanta, eldest daughter of King Denis ( Portuguese: Dinis or Diniz, diˈniʃ 9 October 1261 in Lisbon – 7 January, 1325 in Infante Afonso of Portugal ( Portuguese, ɐˈfõsu English: Alphonzo or Alphonse) was a Portuguese Infante, son of Infanta Maria of Portugal ( pron mɐ'ɾiɐ was a Portuguese Infanta daughter of King Afonso III of Portugal and his second wife For the daughter of Sancho I of Portugal see Infanta Sancha Lady of Alenquer Infanta Sancha of Portugal (ˈsɐ̃ʃɐ was a Portuguese Denis ( Portuguese: Dinis or Diniz, diˈniʃ 9 October 1261 in Lisbon – 7 January, 1325 in For the Portuguese infanta daughter of Sancho I see Infanta Constança of Portugal Infanta Constança of Portugal ( English: Constance Afonso IV (ɐˈfõsu 8 February 1291 &ndash 28 May 1357 called the Brave (o Bravo was the seventh king of Portugal and the Algarve from 1325 until his death Afonso IV (ɐˈfõsu 8 February 1291 &ndash 28 May 1357 called the Brave (o Bravo was the seventh king of Portugal and the Algarve from 1325 until his death Infanta Maria of Portugal ( pron mɐ'ɾiɐ was a Portuguese Infanta, first daughter of King Afonso IV of Portugal and his first wife Peter I ( Portuguese: Pedro, ˈpedɾu 8 April 1320 &ndash 18 January 1367) called the Just (Portuguese Peter I ( Portuguese: Pedro, ˈpedɾu 8 April 1320 &ndash 18 January 1367) called the Just (Portuguese Infanta Maria of Portugal ( 6 April 1342 - AFT 1363 pron mɐ'ɾiɐ was a Portuguese Infanta, first daughter of King Ferdinand I ( Portuguese: Fernando, fɨɾˈnɐ̃du Lisbon, 31 October 1345 &ndash 22 October 1383 in Lisbon sometimes referred to as the Handsome Infanta Beatriz of Portugal ( pron biɐ'tɾiʃ English: Beatrice or Beatrix) was the daughter of Portuguese King Infante João of Portugal (ʒuˈɐ̃ũ English: John) ( 1349 - 1387) was the son of Portuguese King Peter I and Infante Dinis of Portugal (diˈniʃ Archaic Portuguese Diniz; English: Denis) ( 1354 - 1397) was the son of Portuguese Ferdinand I ( Portuguese: Fernando, fɨɾˈnɐ̃du Lisbon, 31 October 1345 &ndash 22 October 1383 in Lisbon sometimes referred to as the Handsome The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent His campaigns were successful and, on July 26, 1139, he obtained an overwhelming victory in the Battle of Ourique, and straight after was unanimously proclaimed King of Portugal by his soldiers. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus The Battle of Ourique (oˈɾik(ɨ took place in July 25 (St James day 1139, probably in the Countryside outside the town of Ourique, A soldier is a general English term that refers to a member of a land component of National Armed forces. This meant that Portugal was no longer a vassal county of León-Castile, but an independent kingdom in its own right. That he then convened the first assembly of the estates-general at Lamego (wherein he would have been given the crown from the Archbishop of Braga, to confirm the independence) is likely to be a 17th century embellishment of Portuguese history. Lamego ( pron lɐ'megu is a city and a municipality in Portugal. A crown is the traditional Symbolic form of Headgear worn by a Monarch or by a Deity, for whom the crown traditionally represents power Braga (ˈBrag-uh a city and municipality in northwestern Portugal, is the capital of the district of Braga, the oldest archdiocese
Independence, however, was not a thing a land could choose on its own. Portugal still had to be acknowledged by the neighbouring lands and, most importantly, by the Roman Catholic Church and the Pope. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Afonso wed Mafalda of Savoy, daughter of Count Amadeo III of Savoy, and sent Ambassadors to Rome to negotiate with the Pope. Maud of Savoy (1125–1158 also known as Mafalda, Mahaut or Matilda (in Portuguese always as Mafalda)was the first queen of Amadeus III of Savoy (1095&ndash1148 was Count of Savoy and Maurienne from 1103 until his death An ambassador is the highest ranking Diplomat who represents their country Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and In Portugal, he built several monasteries and convents and bestowed important privileges to religious orders. A convent is a community of Priests religious brothers religious sisters or Nuns or the building used by the community particularly in the Roman Catholic Church A religious order is a lineage of communities and organizations of people who live in some way set apart from society in accordance with their specific religious devotion usually In 1143, he wrote to Pope Innocent II to declare himself and the kingdom servants of the Church, swearing to pursue driving the Moors out of the Iberian peninsula. The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra Bypassing any king of Castile or León, Afonso declared himself the direct liegeman of the Papacy. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Thus, Afonso continued to distinguish himself by his exploits against the Moors, from whom he wrested Santarém and Lisbon in 1147 (see Siege of Lisbon). Santarém (sɐ̃tɐˈɾɐ̃j̃ is a Portuguese city and municipality Lisbon (Lisboa liʒˈboɐ is the Capital and largest city of Portugal. The Siege of Lisbon, from July 1 to October 25 of 1147, was the military action that brought the city of Lisbon under definitive Portuguese He also conquered an important part of the land south of the Tagus River, although this was lost again to the Moors in the following years. The Tagus ( Latin Tagus, Spanish Tajo, Portuguese Tejo, pron.
Meanwhile, King Alfonso VII of Castile (Afonso's cousin) regarded the independent ruler of Portugal as nothing but a rebel. Conflict between the two was constant and bitter in the following years. Afonso became involved in a war, taking the side of the Aragonese king, an enemy of Castile. War is an international relations Dispute, characterized by organized Violence between National Military units Aragon ( Spanish: "Aragón") is an autonomous community of Spain. To ensure the alliance, his son Sancho was engaged to Dulce Berenguer, sister of the Count of Barcelona, and princess of Aragon. Sancho I (ˈsɐʃu nicknamed the Populator ( Portuguese o Povoador) second monarch of Portugal, was born on November 11 1154 Infanta Dulce Berenguer of Aragon Queen Consort of Portugal ( 1152 – 1198) was first daughter of Ramon Berenguer IV Count of Barcelona and Petronila This is a list of the rulers of Aragon, now a region of north-eastern Spain. Finally, in 1143, the Treaty of Zamora established peace between the cousins and the recognition by the Kingdom of Castile and León that Portugal was an independent kingdom. The Treaty of Zamora ( 1143) recognized Portuguese independence from the Kingdom of León and Castile.
In 1169, Afonso was disabled in an engagement near Badajoz by a fall from his horse, and made prisoner by the soldiers of the king of León. Badajoz - (IPA, formerly written Badajos in English the capital of the Spanish province of Badajoz in the autonomous community The horse ( Equus caballus) is a hoofed ( Ungulate) Mammal, one of eight living species of the family Equidae. Portugal was obliged to surrender as his ransom almost all the conquests Afonso had made in Galicia in the previous years. Ransom is the practice of holding a prisoner to extort money or property to secure their release or it can refer to the sum of money involved
In 1179 the privileges and favours given to the Roman Catholic Church were compensated. In the papal bull Manifestis Probatum, Pope Alexander III acknowledged Afonso as King and Portugal as an independent land with the right to conquer lands from the Moors. A Papal bull is a particular type of Letters patent or charter issued by a Pope. Manifestis Probatum was an Papal bull dated May 23, 1179 in which Pope Alexander III officially recognised Afonso Henriques as the Pope Alexander III (c 1100/1105 &ndash August 30, 1181) born Rolando (or Orlando) Bandinelli, was Pope from 1159 With this papal blessing, Portugal was at last secured as a country and safe from any Castilian attempts at annexation.
In 1184, in spite of his great age, he still had sufficient energy to relieve his son Sancho, who was besieged in Santarém by the Moors. Santarém (sɐ̃tɐˈɾɐ̃j̃ is a Portuguese city and municipality He died shortly after, on December 6, 1185. Events 1060 - Béla I of Hungary is crowned king of Hungary 1240 - Mongol invasion of Rus: Kiev
The Portuguese revere him as a hero, both on account of his personal character and as the founder of their nation. A nation is a Human Cultural and Social Community. In as much as most members never meet each other yet feel a common bond it may be considered There are stories that it would take 10 men to carry his sword, and that Afonso would want to engage other monarchs in personal combat, but no one would dare accept his challenge.
Scientific research
In July 2006, the tomb of the King (which is located in the Santa Cruz Monastery in Coimbra) was opened for scientific purposes by researchers from the University of Coimbra (Portugal), and the University of Granada (Spain). The Santa Cruz Monastery, ( English: Monastery of the Holy Cross Portuguese: Mosteiro de Santa Cruz, best known as Igreja (Church de Santa Cruz Coimbra (kuˈĩbɾɐ is a city and a municipality in Portugal, former capital of the country during the first dynasty period and home to the University of Coimbra The University of Coimbra (UC ( Portuguese: Universidade de Coimbra, pron The University of Granada is a University at Granada, Spain, first founded by the Moors in 1349 and then officially founded in 1531 by the Emperor The opening of the tomb provoked considerable concern among some sectors of Portuguese society and IPPAR- Instituto Português do Património Arquitectónico (Portuguese State Agency for Architectural Patrimony). The Instituto Português do Património Arquitectónico (IPPAR is the public institute tasked with the conservation preservation and inventory of the Portuguese The government halted the opening requesting more protocols from the scientific team because of the importance of the king in the nation's formation. [1][2]
Ancestors
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4. Constance of Arles (also known as Constance of Provence ( 986 - July 25, 1034) was the third wife and queen of King Robert II of France. Henry of Burgundy |
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5. Henry of Burgundy Count of Portugal (1066&ndash1112 was Count of Portugal from 1093 to his death wife, name unknown, probably of Barcelona |
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1. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Afonso I of Portugal |
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24. Sancho III of Navarre | |||||||||||||||
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12. Sancho III Garcés (late 10th century &ndash 18 October 1035) called the Great ( Spanish: el Mayor or el Grande) was Ferdinand I of León |
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25. Ferdinand I, called the Great (in his time El Magno) (1017&ndash León, 1065 son of Sancho III of Navarre and Mayor of Castile Mayor of Castile | |||||||||||||||
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6. Mayor of Castile (d 1032 was queen of Navarre. She was originally called Muniadona (or Muñadona) and is variously called Munia (or Muña Alfonso VI of Castile |
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26. Alfonso VI (before June 1040 &ndash June 29 / July 1, 1109) nicknamed the Brave, was King of León from 1065 to 1109 and King of Alfonso V of León | |||||||||||||||
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13. Alfonso V (994-1028 called the Noble, King of León, son of Bermudo II by his second wife Elvira García of Castile, reigned from 999 Sancha of León |
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27. Sancha of León (1013 &ndash 27 November 1067) was a daughter of Alfonso V of Leon by Elvira Mendes and Queen consort of Castile. Elvira Mendes | |||||||||||||||
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3. Elvira Mendes, sometimes called Elvira or Geloria Menéndez of Portugal or Galicia, (c Teresa of León, Countess of Portugal |
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(several alternative theories) |
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7. Queen Theresa of Portugal Countess of Portugal, (Portuguese Rainha Dona Teresa Condessa de Portugal) (sometimes Infanta Teresa of León) (1080 &ndash Ximena Moniz |
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Descendants
Afonso married in 1146 Mafalda or Maud of Savoy (1125-1158), daughter of Amadeo III, Count of Savoy, and Mafalda of Albon. Maud of Savoy (1125–1158 also known as Mafalda, Mahaut or Matilda (in Portuguese always as Mafalda)was the first queen of
| Name | Birth | Death | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| By Maud of Savoy (1125-1158; married in 1146) | |||
| Infante Henrique (Henry) | March 5, 1147 | 1147 | |
| Infanta Mafalda | 1148 | c. Maud of Savoy (1125–1158 also known as Mafalda, Mahaut or Matilda (in Portuguese always as Mafalda)was the first queen of Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Infanta Mafalda of Portugal ( Coimbra, 1149 &ndash 1160 was a Portuguese ''infanta'', the second child and first daughter of Afonso I of Portugal 1160 | |
| Infanta Urraca | c. Infanta Urraca of Portugal ( Coimbra, 1151 &ndash 16 October 1188; pron 1151 | 1188 | Queen of León by marriage to King Ferdinand II of León. Ferdinand II (1137 in Toledo, Castile – January 22 1188 was King of León from 1157 to his death |
| Infante Sancho | 1154 | March 26, 1212 | Succeeded him as Sancho I, 2nd King of Portugal |
| Infanta Teresa (Theresa) | 1157 | 1218 | Countess consort of Flanders by marriage to Philip I of Flanders. Sancho I (ˈsɐʃu nicknamed the Populator ( Portuguese o Povoador) second monarch of Portugal, was born on November 11 1154 Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Portuguese Infanta Teresa of Portugal ( pron tɨ'ɾezɐ or) was a Portuguese Infanta, being the third daughter of Portuguese 1st King Afonso Henriques Philip of Alsace (1143 – August 1, 1191) was Count of Flanders from 1168 to 1191 Duchess consort of Burgundy by marriage to Eudes III of Burgundy. Eudes III of Burgundy (1166 &ndash July 6 1218) was Duke of Burgundy between 1192 and 1218 |
| Infante João (John) | 1160 | 1160 | |
| Infanta Sancha | 1160 | 1160 | |
| By Elvira Gálter | |||
| Urraca Afonso | c. 1130 | ? | Natural daughter. Married Pedro Afonso Viegas. Lady of Aveiro. Aveiro (aˈvɐjɾu is a city of some 57000 people and a municipality in Portugal with a total area of 199 |
| Other natural offspring | |||
| Fernando Afonso | c. 1166 is an erroneous date | c. 1172 | High-General of the Kingdom (Constable of Portugal) |
| Pedro Afonso | c 1130 | 1169 | A. Constable of Portugal (Condestável or Constable of the Kingdom (Condestável do Reino was a title created by the King of Portugal Ferdinand I in k. a. Pedro Henriques. 1st Grand-Master of the Order of Aviz. The Military Order of Aviz (Ordem Militar de Avis pron ɐ'viʃ previously to 1910 Royal Military Order of Aviz (Real Ordem Militar de Avis previously to 1789 |
| Afonso | c. 1135 | 1207 | 12th Grand Master of the Order of Saint John of Rhodes. |
| Teresa Afonso | c. 1135 | ? | Married Fernando Martins Bravo or Martim Moniz. Martim Moniz (died 1147 was a Portuguese Knight of noble birth, great-great-grandson of Ferdinand I, Emperor of All Hispania, and |
See also
|
Afonso I of Portugal
Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty
Born: 25 July 1109 Died: 6 December 1185 |
||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| New title |
King of Portugal 1139 – 1185 |
Succeeded by Sancho I |
| Titles of nobility | ||
| Preceded by Henrique |
Count of Portugal 1112 – 1139 with Theresa (1112 – 1126) |
Independence from León–Castile |
Bibliography
- Diogo Freitas do Amaral, D. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is a European Nation whose origins go back to the Early Middle Ages. This is a historical timeline of Portugal. See also History of Portugal Pre-Roman Western Iberia (Before the 3rd century BC This is a historical timeline of Portugal. See also History of Portugal Second County of Portugal 11th century This is a historical timeline of Portugal. See also History of Portugal First Dynasty Burgundy 12th century This article is about the ducal house which ruled Portugal for the comital house which ruled in Castile and León see Anscarids. For the Direct Capetians, who ruled France 987&ndash1328 see the House of Capet. Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. Kingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Portuguese Sancho I (ˈsɐʃu nicknamed the Populator ( Portuguese o Povoador) second monarch of Portugal, was born on November 11 1154 Henry of Burgundy Count of Portugal (1066&ndash1112 was Count of Portugal from 1093 to his death Wikipedia talkFeatured lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Portuguese Queen Theresa of Portugal Countess of Portugal, (Portuguese Rainha Dona Teresa Condessa de Portugal) (sometimes Infanta Teresa of León) (1080 &ndash Kingdom of León was an independent kingdom situated in the northwest region of the Iberian Peninsula. Kingdom of Castile was one of the medieval kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula. Ancestors Afonso Henriques. Lisboa: Bertrand, 2000. ISBN 972-25-1157-2.
References
- ^ IPPAR: direcção nacional diz que não foi consultada sobre abertura do túmulo de D. Afonso Henriques, Público, 6 July 2006, accessed December 2006 (in Portuguese)
- ^ [1]
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Público, can refer to Público (Portugal, a Portuguese newspaper Público (Spain, a Spanish newspaper launched in September 2007 The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Afonso I |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Afonso Henriques |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | King of Portugal |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 25, 1109 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Coimbra, Second County of Portugal, Kingdom of León |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 6, 1185 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Coimbra, Portugal |
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