- This article is about the field of research and industry; for the corporation, see The Aerospace Corporation
Aerospace comprises the atmosphere of Earth and surrounding space. The Aerospace Corporation is a private non-profit corporation headquartered in El Segundo, California that has operated a Federally Funded Research and An atmosphere (from Greek ατμός - atmos, " Vapor " + σφαίρα - sphaira, " Sphere " Outer space, often simply called space, comprises the relatively empty regions of the Universe outside the escape velocities of Celestial bodies. Typically the term is used to refer to the industry that researches, designs, manufactures, operates, and maintains vehicles moving through air and space. History First orbital flights The first successful orbital launch was of the Soviet unmanned Sputnik Aerospace is a very diverse field, with a multitude of commercial, industrial and military applications.
Aerospace is not the same as airspace, which is a term used to describe the physical air space directly above a location on the ground. Airspace means the portion of the atmosphere controlled by a particular country on top of its territory and Territorial waters or more generally any specific three-dimensional
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Overview
In most industrial countries, the aerospace industry is a cooperation of public and private industries. For example, several countries have a space program under the command of the government, such as NASA in the United States, ESA in Europe, the Canadian Space Agency in Canada, Indian Space Research Organisation in India, RKA in Russia and China National Space Administration in China
Along with these public space programs, many companies produce technical tools and components such as spaceships and satellites. This is a list of government agencies engaged in activities related to Outer space and Space exploration. For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The European Space Agency ( ESA) established in 1975 is an intergovernmental organisation dedicated to the exploration of space, currently with 17 member The Canadian Space Agency ( CSA or in French, l' Agence spatiale canadienne, ASC) is the Canadian government Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Russian Federal Space Agency ( Russian: Федеральное космическое агентство России Federal'noe kosmicheskoe agentstvo Rossii Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The China National Space Administration ( CNSA) is the national space agency of the People's Republic of China responsible for the national space program China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National A spacecraft is a Vehicle or machine designed for Spaceflight. This article is about artificial satellites For natural satellites also known as moons see Natural satellite. Some known companies involved in space programs include Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman, EADS, and Boeing. Lockheed Martin ( is a large multinational Aerospace manufacturer and advanced technology Company formed in 1995 by the merger of Northrop Grumman Corporation ( is an Aerospace and defense technology company formed by the 1994 purchase of Grumman by Northrop. The European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company EADS NV ( EADS) is a large European aerospace corporation formed by the merger on July 10, The Boeing Company is a major Aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E These companies are also involved in other areas of aerospace such as the construction of aircraft. Many countries have air transport companies, such as Air France and Air India. Air France (formally Société Air France) is one of the world's largest Airlines Air France is based in Paris, France, and is a subsidiary of Air India Limited ( एअर इंडिया) is the national Airline of India with a worldwide network of passenger and cargo services
History
The field of aerospace has been investigated for millennia but it can be said that modern aerospace began with the first powered flight at Kitty Hawk on December 16, 1903, by the Wright brothers. Aviation history deals with the development of mechanical Flight, from the earliest attempts in Kite -powered and gliding flight to powered Heavier-than-air flight This is a timeline of Space exploration including notable achievements and first accomplishments in humanity's physical exploration of space. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout From there, aerospace has grown to be one of the most exciting, diverse, and fast paced fields of today. From the hot-air balloons of 18th century to the first wood-and-cloth plane of Wilbur and Orville Wright to the first manned mission to the moon on Apollo 11 to the new and exciting aircraft being developed by companies like Boeing, Airbus, and Bombardier, aerospace has come a long way in a little over a century. The hot air balloon is the oldest successful human-carrying Flight technology Airbus SAS (ˈɛərbʌs in English, Airbus2ogg|/ɛʁbys/]] in French, and /ˈɛːɐbʊs/ in German) is an aircraft manufacturing Bombardier Inc (bɔ̃baʁdje is a Canadian conglomerate, founded by Joseph-Armand Bombardier as L'Auto-Neige Bombardier Limitée in 1942
Aerospace manufacturing
Aerospace manufacturing is an industry that produces "aircraft, guided missiles, space vehicles, aircraft engines, propulsion units, and related parts," according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States Web site. An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts The Bureau of Labor Statistics ( BLS) a unit of the United States Department of Labor, is the principal fact-finding agency for the U Most of the industry is geared toward governmental work. For each original equipment manufacturer (OEM), the US government has assigned a CAGEcode. These codes help to identify each manufacturer, repair facilities and other critical after market vendors in the aerospace industry.
In the European Union, aerospace companies such as EADS, BAE Systems, Thales, Dassault, Saab and Finmeccanica account for a large share of the global aerospace industry and research effort, with the European Space Agency as one of the largest consumers of aerospace technology and products. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company EADS NV ( EADS) is a large European aerospace corporation formed by the merger on July 10, BAE Systems plc (BAE is a British defence and aerospace company headquartered in Farnborough, England, that has global interests particularly The Thales Group ( is a French Electronics company delivering mission-critical information systems and services for the Aerospace, Defense Dassault Group, (GIMD Groupe Dassault or the Groupe Industriel Marcel Dassault S Saab AB is an Aerospace and defense company based in Sweden. History "Svenska Aeroplan AB (aktiebolaget" ( Swedish for Finmeccanica SpA is an Italian conglomerate. Finmeccanica is the second largest industrial group and the largest of the Hi-tech industrial groups based The European Space Agency ( ESA) established in 1975 is an intergovernmental organisation dedicated to the exploration of space, currently with 17 member
In People's Republic of China, Beijing, Xian, Chengdu, Shanghai, Shenyang and Nanchang are major research and manufacture centres of aerospace industry. China has developed extensive capability to design, test and produce military aircraft, missiles and space vehicles. However, despite the experimental model of Y-10, which was abolished in 1984, China is still developing its civil aerospace industry.
In India, Bangalore is a major centre of aerospace industry, being the place where Hindustan Aeronautics Limited, the National Aerospace Laboratories and Indian Space Research Organisation are headquartered. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited ( HAL) based in Bangalore, India, is one of Asia 's largest Aerospace companies For the Japanese aerospace firm see National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is undertaking a project to send an orbiter to moon, due mid 2008. This project has been titled Chandrayaan (Moon Craft).
In Russia, large aerospace companies like Oboronprom and the United Aircraft Building Corporation (encompassing Mikoyan, Sukhoi, Ilyushin, Tupolev, Yakovlev, and Irkut which includes Beriev) are among the major global players in this industry. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending OPK Oboronprom (ОПК Оборонпром is a Russian aerospace holding company United Aircraft Corporation (UAC in Russian: О бъединённая а виастроительная к орпорация (OAK is a Russian JSC "RSK "MiG" or Russian Aircraft Corporation MiG in full (formerly Mikoyan or Mikoyan-i-Gurevich Design Bureau, Микоян Sukhoi ( Сухой) is a major Russian manufacturer famous for its fighters Ilyushin (Илью́шин or Ilyushin Design Bureau is a Russian Design bureau and Aircraft Manufacturer (design office prefix Tupolev ( Туполев) is a Russian aerospace and defence company headquartered in Moscow. AS Yakovlev Design Bureau JSC is a Russian aircraft designer and manufacturer (design office prefix Yak) The Beriev Aircraft Company, formerly Beriev Design Bureau, is a Russian Aircraft manufacturer (design office prefix Be) specializing in
In the United States, the Department of Defense and NASA are the two biggest consumers of aerospace technology and products. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program The Bureau of Labor Statistics of the United States reported that the aerospace industry employed 444,000 wage and salary jobs in 2004. Most of those jobs were in Washington and California. The leading aerospace manufacturers in the world are Boeing, United Technologies Corporation, and Lockheed Martin Corp.. The Boeing Company is a major Aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E United Technologies Corporation (UTC ( is an American multinational conglomerate based in Hartford, Connecticut and is the 20th Lockheed Martin ( is a large multinational Aerospace manufacturer and advanced technology Company formed in 1995 by the merger of
Important locations of the civil aerospace industry worldwide include Chicago (Boeing), Montreal in Canada (Bombardier, Pratt & Whitney Canada), Toulouse in France and Hamburg in Germany (both Airbus/EADS), as well as São José dos Campos, where Brazilian Embraer is based. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The Boeing Company is a major Aerospace and defense corporation originally founded by William E Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Bombardier Inc (bɔ̃baʁdje is a Canadian conglomerate, founded by Joseph-Armand Bombardier as L'Auto-Neige Bombardier Limitée in 1942 Pratt & Whitney Canada ( PWC) is a Canadian Aircraft engine manufacturer Toulouse ( pronounced in standard French, and in the local accent ( Occitan: Tolosa, pronounced) is a city in southwest Hamburg (English, German: ˈhambʊɐk local pronunciation Low German / Low Saxon: Hamborg) is the second-largest city in Germany Airbus SAS (ˈɛərbʌs in English, Airbus2ogg|/ɛʁbys/]] in French, and /ˈɛːɐbʊs/ in German) is an aircraft manufacturing The European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company EADS NV ( EADS) is a large European aerospace corporation formed by the merger on July 10, São José dos Campos is a municipality and a major city in the state of São Paulo, Brazil and one of the most important industrial and research centers in Embraer -- IPA [ɪ̃ⁿbɾaˈɛɾ] -- the Empresa Brasileira de Aeronáutica S
Pakistan is also undertaking advancements in the field of aerospace engineering. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and It is now fulfilling its needs in the guided missile technology. After the establishment of the Institute of Space Technology, Pakistan is looking to advance in space technology as well as aircraft design and manufacturing.
The Aircraft parts industry was born out of the sale of second hand or used aircraft parts from the Aerospace Manufacturer sector. The aircraft parts industry is defined as companies that focus on the aerospace parts market Within the United States there is a specific process that parts brokers or resellers must follow. This includes leveraging a certified repair station to overhaul and 'tag' a part. This certification guarantees that a part was repaired or overhauled to meet OEM specifications. Once a part is overhauled its value is determined from the supply and demand of the aerospace market. When an airline has an aircraft on the ground also known as an 'AOG', the part that the airline requires to get the plane back into service becomes invaluable. This can drive the market for specific parts. There are several online market places that assist with the commoditized selling of aircraft parts.
See also
- Aeronautics
- Astronautics
- Aerospace engineering
- Atmospheric reentry
- EUROAVIA
- General aviation
- Space exploration
- Space agencies
- Spacecraft
- Wiktionary: Aviation, aerospace, and aeronautical terms
External links
- Indian space Research Organization (ISRO) India
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) - U.S.
- European Space Agency (ESA) — E.U.
- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) — Japan
- BLS website on aerospace industry
- Aerospace Industries Association
- American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
- Federal Aviation Administration
- Iranian Aerospace Industries Organization
- Ioonos — YouSpace: Aerospace in Europe
- Aerospace Marketplace
- Aerospace Parts and Tools
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