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Antoine-Joseph 'Adolphe' Sax (November 6, 1814 – February 4, 1894[1]) was a Belgian musical instrument designer and musician (clarinetist), best known for inventing the saxophone. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. A musician is a person who plays or writes Music. Musicians can be classified by their roles in creating or performing music An instrumentalist plays a A clarinetist (also spelled clarinettist) is a Musician who plays the Clarinet. The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind

Adolphe Sax was born in Dinant in Wallonia, Belgium. ||-||-||} Dinant is a Walloon City and municipality located on the River Meuse in the Belgian province of Namur Wallonia, or Wallonie, (Wallonie Wallonien Wallonië Waloneye is the Meridional part of Belgium belonging to the Romance linguistic field His father, Charles-Joseph Sax, was an instrument designer himself, who made several changes to the design of the horn. Charles-Joseph Sax ( 1 February 1791 - 1 February 1864) was a Belgian (he lived in Dinant musical instrument maker Adolphe began to make his own instruments at an early age, entering two of his flutes and a clarinet into a competition at the age of fifteen. The flute is a Musical instrument of the Woodwind family Unlike other woodwind instruments a flute is a Reedless wind instrument that produces its The clarinet is a Musical instrument in the Woodwind family The name derives from adding the suffix -et meaning little to the Italian word He subsequently studied those two instruments at the Royal School of Singing in Brussels. Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is

Having left the school, Sax began to experiment with new instrument designs, while his father continued to produce conventional instruments to bring money into the household. Adolphe's first important invention was an improvement of the bass clarinet design which he patented at the age of twenty. The bass clarinet is a Musical instrument of the Clarinet family

In 1841, Sax relocated permanently to Paris and began work on a new set of instruments which were exhibited there in 1844. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city They were valved bugles, and although he had not invented the instrument itself, his examples were so much more successful than those of his rivals that they became known as saxhorns. "Bugler" redirects here For the tobacco brand see Bugler (tobacco. The saxhorn is a valved Brass instrument with a tapered bore and deep cup-shaped mouthpiece. They range in approximately seven different sizes, and paved the path to the creation of the flugelhorn. Today, they are widely used in concert bands and sometimes in orchestras. A concert band, also called wind band, symphonic band, symphonic winds, wind orchestra, wind symphony, or wind ensemble An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well The saxhorn also laid the groundwork for the modern euphonium. The euphonium is a conical-bore, Baritone -voiced Brass instrument. Sax also developed the saxotromba family, valved brass instruments with narrower bore than the saxhorns, in 1845, though they survived only briefly. [2]

The spread of saxhorn instruments throughout the world was ferocious. The saxhorn valves were accepted as state of the art and are still largely unchanged today. The advances made by Adolphe Sax were soon followed by the formation of the famous British brass band movement which exclusively adopted the saxhorn range. A brass band is a Musical group generally consisting entirely of Brass instruments, most often with a percussion section An example is the Jedforest Instrumental Band which formed in 1854 within the Scottish Borders only a decade after saxhorn models became available. The Scottish Borders, often referred to simply as the Borders, is one of 32 local government council areas of Scotland.

The period around 1840 saw Sax inventing the clarinette-bourdon, an early (and unsuccessful) design of contrabass clarinet. The contrabass clarinet is the largest member of the Clarinet family that has ever been in regular production or significant use Most significantly, at this time he developed the instrument for which he is now best known, the saxophone, patented in 1846. The saxophone (commonly referred to simply as sax) is a conical- bored transposing Musical instrument considered a member of the Woodwind The saxophone was invented for use in both orchestras and concert bands. The composer Hector Berlioz wrote approvingly of the new instrument in 1842. A composer (literally meaning 'one who puts together' is a person who creates Music, usually in the medium of notation, for Interpretation and Performance By 1846 Sax had designed, on paper at least, a full range of saxophones (from sopranino to subcontrabass). The sopranino saxophone is one of the smallest members of the Saxophone family The subcontrabass saxophone is a type of Saxophone that Adolphe Sax patented and planned to build but never constructed Although they never became standard orchestral instruments, the saxophones made his reputation, and secured him a job teaching at the Paris Conservatoire from 1867. The Conservatoire de Paris is an institution of higher education that has played an important role in the development of Music in France and Western Europe

Sax continued to make instruments later in life, as well as presiding over a new saxophone class at the Paris Conservatoire. However, rival instrument makers attacked the legitimacy of his patents and mounted a long campaign of litigation against Sax and his company, driving him into bankruptcy twice (in 1856 and 1873).

Sax suffered from lip cancer between 1853 and 1858 but made a full recovery. He died in 1894 in Paris and was interred in the Cimetière de Montmartre. Montmartre Cemetery ( Fr: Cimetière de Montmartre is a famous cemetery located at 37 Avenue Samson in the 18th ''arrondissement'' of Paris

References

  1. ^ Many sources give alternative dates for Sax's death, mainly 3 February and 7 February. A sign at Sax's grave in Montmartre says 7 February, for example. However, 4 February appears in Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians (8th ed. Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians is a major Biographical dictionary of Musicians The first edition of Baker's, under the title , Nicolas Slonimsky); and in both the 1980 and the online version of Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Nicolas Slonimsky (b &ndash d December 25, 1995) was a Russian American composer conductor musician Music critic lexicographer The Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians is an Encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians
  2. ^ Hubbard, W. L. (1910). The American History and Encyclopedia of Music. Toledo, Ohio: Squire Cooley, 454.   Viewed 4 January 2007 in Google Books. Events 46 BC - Titus Labienus defeats Julius Caesar in the Battle of Ruspina. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.

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External links

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