Adobe Photoshop
Photoshop CS3 Extended running on Mac OS X Leopard
Developed by	Adobe Systems
Latest release	CS3 and CS3 Extended (10. Mac OS X version 105 “Leopard” is the sixth major release of Mac OS X, Apple’s desktop and server Operating system for Macintosh A software developer is a person or organization concerned with facets of the software development process wider than design and coding a somewhat broader scope of Adobe Systems Incorporated (pronounced a-DOE-bee əˈdoʊbiː ( is an American Computer software company headquartered in San Jose California A software release is the distribution whether public or private of an initial or new and upgraded version of a Computer software product 0. 1) / November 15, 2007 (2007-11-15); 210 days ago
Preview release	CS4 Beta (11. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A software release is the distribution whether public or private of an initial or new and upgraded version of a Computer software product 0) / 2008
Written in	C++
OS	Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows
Available in	25 languages
Genre	Raster graphics editor
License	Proprietary software
Website	Adobe Photoshop Homepage

Photoshop CS3 on Windows

Adobe Photoshop, or simply Photoshop, is a graphics editing program developed and published by Adobe Systems. A programming language is an Artificial language that can be used to write programs which control the behavior of a machine particularly a Computer. C++ (" C Plus Plus " ˌsiːˌplʌsˈplʌs is a general-purpose Programming language. An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination Mac OS X (mæk oʊ ɛs tɛn is a line of computer Operating systems developed marketed and sold by Apple Inc, the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them Computer software can be organized into categories based on common function type or field of use A raster graphics editor is a Computer program that allows users to paint and edit Pictures interactively on the computer screen and save them in one A software license (or software licence in commonwealth usage is a Legal instrument governing the usage or redistribution of copyright protected software A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages In Computer graphics, graphics software or image editing software is a program or collection of programs that enable a person to manipulate visual images Adobe Systems Incorporated (pronounced a-DOE-bee əˈdoʊbiː ( is an American Computer software company headquartered in San Jose California It is the current and primary market leader for commercial bitmap and image manipulation, and is the flagship product of Adobe Systems. Market dominance is a measure of the strength of a Brand, product, service, or firm, relative to competitive offerings In Computer graphics, a raster graphics image or bitmap, is a Data structure representing a generally rectangular grid of Pixels An image (from Latin imago) or picture is an artifact usually two-dimensional that has a similar appearance to some subject &mdashusually It has been described as "an industry standard for graphics professionals"^[1] and was one of the early "killer applications" on Macintosh. A killer application (commonly shortened to killer app) in the jargon of computer programmers and video gamers has been used to refer to any Computer program Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac is a Brand name which covers several lines of Personal computers designed developed and marketed by Apple Inc ^[2]

Photoshop CS3, the current tenth iteration of the program, was released on 16 April 2007. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. "CS" reflects its integration with other Creative Suite products, and the number "3" represents it as the third version released since Adobe re-branded its products under the CS umbrella. Adobe Creative Suite is a collection of Graphic design, Video editing, and Web development applications made by Adobe Systems. Photoshop CS3 features additions such as the ability to apply non-destructive filters, as well as new selection tools named Quick Selection and Refine Edge that make selection more streamlined. On April 30th, Adobe released Photoshop CS3 Extended, which includes all the same features of Adobe Photoshop CS3 with the addition of capabilities for scientific imaging, 3D, and high end film and video users. The successor to Photoshop CS3, Photoshop CS4, will be the first 64-bit Photoshop. '64-bit' CPUs have existed in Supercomputers since the 1960s and in RISC -based workstations and servers since the early 1990s. ^[3]

Development

Early history

Photoshop 0. 63 icons

In 1987, Thomas Knoll, then a PhD student at the University of Michigan, began writing a program on his Macintosh Plus to display grayscale images on a monochrome display. Thomas Knoll is an American software engineer best known (with his brother John Knoll) for initiating the development of Photoshop. "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. The University of Michigan Ann Arbor ( U of M, U-M, UM or simply Michigan) is a top-ranked Coeducational public research The Macintosh Plus computer was the third model in the Macintosh line introduced two years after the original Macintosh and a little more than a year after the Macintosh In Computing, a grayscale or greyscale Digital image is an image in which the value of each Pixel Monochrome comes from the Greek μονόχρωμος ( monochromos) meaning “of one color” which is a combination This program, called Display, caught the attention of his brother John Knoll, an Industrial Light & Magic employee, who recommended Thomas turn it into a full-fledged image editing program. John Knoll (Born 1962 is an Academy-award winning Motion picture Visual effects specialist at Industrial Light & Magic (ILM Industrial Light & Magic ( ILM) is a motion picture Visual effects company that was founded in May 1975 by George Lucas and is owned Thomas took a six month break from his studies in 1988 to collaborate with his brother on the program, which had been renamed ImagePro. ^[4] Later that year, Thomas renamed his program Photoshop and worked out a short-term deal with scanner manufacturer Barneyscan to distribute copies of the program with a slide scanner; a "total of about 200 copies of Photoshop were shipped" this way. ^[5]

During this time, John traveled to Silicon Valley and gave a demonstration of the program to engineers at Apple Computer Inc. and Russell Brown, art director at Adobe. For the valley nicknamed "Silicone Valley" see San Fernando Valley. Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics Adobe Systems Incorporated (pronounced a-DOE-bee əˈdoʊbiː ( is an American Computer software company headquartered in San Jose California Both showings were successful, and Adobe decided to purchase the license to distribute in September 1988. ^[4] While John worked on plug-ins in California, Thomas remained in Ann Arbor writing program code. Ann Arbor is a city in the US state of Michigan and the county seat of Washtenaw County. Photoshop 1. 0 was released in 1990 for Macintosh exclusively. ^[6]

Releases

Further information: Adobe Photoshop release history

Photoshop CS in Windows

Continual revisions were made to the program, with new versions released in the following years. This table charts the Adobe Photoshop release history, starting with the first versions by independent creators Thomas and John Knoll in the summer of 1988 In November 1992, a Microsoft Windows port of version 2. Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. 0 of the software was released, and a year later it was ported to the SGI IRIX and Sun Solaris platforms. Silicon Graphics Inc (commonly initialised to SGI, historically sometimes referred to as Silicon Graphics Computer Systems or SGCS) is a company IRIX is a computer Operating system developed by Silicon Graphics Inc Sun Microsystems Inc ( is a multinational vendor of Computers computer components Computer software, and Information technology services Solaris is a Unix -based Operating system introduced by Sun Microsystems in 1992 as the successor to SunOS. In September 1994, version 3. 0 was released, which introduced layers and tabbed palettes. Layers are used in Digital image editing to separate different elements of an image In February 2003, the program shipped with the Camera RAW 1. x plug-in, which allowed the user to import RAW formats from different digital cameras directly into Photoshop. A raw image file contains minimally processed data from the image sensor of a Digital camera or Image scanner. Many compact digital still cameras can record Sound and moving Video as well as still Photograph. ^[7]

In October 2004, the program was renamed Adobe Photoshop CS. The name uses the abbreviation CS for products in Adobe Creative Suite. Adobe Creative Suite is a collection of Graphic design, Video editing, and Web development applications made by Adobe Systems. The logo focused around a feather rendered in shades of blue and green, which was also used in 9. 0. ^[8] The 10th version, Photoshop CS3 was released on April 16, 2007, with a blue icon modeled after periodic table elements, matching the new icons of other Creative Suite products. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular method of displaying the Chemical elements Although precursors to this table exist its invention is A chemical element is a type of Atom that is distinguished by its Atomic number; that is by the number of Protons in its nucleus.

In January 2008, the Wine project announced official support for Photoshop CS2, allowing the Windows version of Photoshop CS2 to be used on Linux and other Unix platforms. Wine is a free Software application which aims to allow Unix-like computer Operating systems on the X86 architecture to execute

Photoshop is written in the C++ programming language. C++ (" C Plus Plus " ˌsiːˌplʌsˈplʌs is a general-purpose Programming language. A programming language is an Artificial language that can be used to write programs which control the behavior of a machine particularly a Computer. ^[9]

Features

Further information: Comparison of raster graphics editors#Features

Photoshop has strong ties with other Adobe software for media editing, animation, and authoring. This is a comparison of Raster graphics editors sorted by availability Files in Photoshop's native format, . PSD, can be exported to and from Adobe ImageReady, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Premiere Pro, After Effects, and Adobe Encore DVD to make professional standard DVDs and provide non-linear editing and special effects services, such as backgrounds, textures, and so on, for television, film, and the Web. Adobe ImageReady was a Bitmap graphics editor that was shipped with Adobe Photoshop by Adobe Systems. Adobe Illustrator is a vector-based drawing program developed and marketed by Adobe Systems. Adobe Premiere Pro is a Real-time, timeline based Video editing software application Adobe After Effects is a digital motion graphics and Compositing software published by Adobe Systems. Adobe Encore (previously Adobe Encore DVD) is a DVD authoring software tool produced by Adobe Systems and targeted at semi-professional video producers For example, Photoshop CS broadly supports making menus and buttons for DVDs. DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is For . PSD files exported as a menu or button, it only needs to have layers, nested in layer sets with a cuing format, and Adobe Encore DVD reads them as buttons or menus.

Photoshop can utilize the color models RGB, lab, CMYK, grayscale, binary bitmap, and duotone. A Lab color space is a color-opponent space with dimension L for lightness and a and b CMYK (short for '''c'''yan, '''m'''agenta, '''y'''ellow, and k ey ( Black) and often referred to as process color In Computing, a grayscale or greyscale Digital image is an image in which the value of each Pixel In Computer graphics, a bitmap or pixmap is a type of memory organization or Image file format used to store Digital images The Duotone is the generic name for multitone printing which can be done with two three or four inks Photoshop has the ability to read and write raster and vector image formats such as: .EPS, . In Computer graphics, a raster graphics image or bitmap, is a Data structure representing a generally rectangular grid of Pixels Vector graphics is the use of geometrical primitives such as points lines, Curves and shapes or Polygon (s which are all based Encapsulated PostScript, or EPS, is a DSC -conforming PostScript document with additional restrictions intended to make EPS files usable as a Graphics PNG, . GIF, . JPEG, Fireworks, etc. It also has several native file formats:

• The . PSD (Photoshop Document) format stores an image with support for most imaging options available in Photoshop. These include layers with masks, color spaces, ICC profiles, transparency, text, alpha channels and spot colors, Clipping paths, and duotone settings. A Color model is an abstract mathematical model describing the way Colors can be represented as Tuples of numbers typically as three or four values or color components In Color management, an ICC profile is a set of data that characterizes a color input or output device or a Color space, according to standards promulgated by the In Offset printing, a spot color is any color generated by an Ink (pure or mixed that is printed using a single run. In 2D graphics In 2D computer graphics, a clipping path is a closed Vector path, or shape used to cut out an image in current Image editing This is in contrast to many other file formats (e. g. . EPS or . GIF) that restrict content to provide streamlined, predictable functionality. Photoshop's popularity means that the . PSD format is widely used, and it is supported to some extent by most competing software.
• The . PSB (Large Document Format) format is a newer version of . PSD designed for files over 2 gigabytes. A gigabyte (derived from the SI prefix Giga-) is a unit of Information or Computer
• The . PDD (PhotoDeluxe Document) format is a version of . PSD that only supports the features found in the discontinued PhotoDeluxe software. PhotoDeluxe was a consumer oriented Image editing software line published by Adobe Systems until July 8 2002.

CS3

Smart Layers display the filter without altering the original image

Photoshop CS3 is marketed with three main components of improvement over previous versions: "Work more productively, Edit with unrivaled power, and composite with breakthrough tools. Compositing is the combining of visual elements from separate sources into single images often to create the illusion that all those elements are parts of the same scene "^[10] New features propagating productivity include streamlined interface, improved Camera Raw, better control over print options, enhanced PDF support, and better management with Adobe Bridge. Adobe Bridge is an organizational program created and released by Adobe Systems as a part of the Adobe Creative Suite. Editing tools new to CS3 are the Clone Source palette and nondestructive Smart Filters, and other features such as the Brightness/Contrast adjustment and Vanishing Point module were enhanced. The Black and White adjustment option improves users control over manual grayscale conversions with a dialog box similar to that of Channel Mixer. Compositing is assisted with Photoshop's new Quick Selection and Refine Edge tools and improved image stitching technology. Image stitching or photo stitching is the process of combining multiple Photographic Images with overlapping fields of view to produce a segmented Panorama ^[10]

CS3 Extended contains all features of CS3 plus tools for editing and importing some 3D graphics file formats, enhancing video, and comprehensive image analysis tools, utilizing MATLAB integration and DICOM file support. List of file formats (alphabeticalThis is a list of File formats organized by type as can be found on Computers Filename extensions are usually noted in MATLAB is a numerical computing environment and Programming language. D igital I maging and Co mmunications in M edicine ( DICOM) is a standard for handling storing printing and transmitting information in Medical ^[11]

The logo comprises white letters "Ps" on a gradient blue square.

Internationalization and localization

Language availability

Adobe Photoshop CS3 is available in the following languages: Arabic (Middle Eastern version), Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew (Middle Eastern version), Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Ukrainian.

Adobe Photoshop Middle Eastern language versions available from WinSoft. ^[12].

Specific features for Arabic and Hebrew languages

The Middle Eastern/Hebrew and the Middle Eastern/Arabic versions are specifically developed for Arabic and Hebrew languages.

Text Settings

Photoshop Middle Eastern versions come with special settings for typing and laying out Arabic or Hebrew text, such as:

• Possibility to use Arabic, Farsi or Hindi digits
• Use kashidas for letter spacing and full justification
• Set vowels /diacritics positioning
• Ligature option
• Justify text in three possible ways to get the results you want (Standard, Arabic, Naskh)

Additional fonts

Photoshop Middle Eastern versions support most fonts shipped with the OS as well as a large number of third party fonts widely used by graphic designers in the Middle Eastern regions. Photoshop Middle Eastern versions install one additional font that facilitates your work in Middle Eastern languages: WinSoft Pro, which is available in four styles: Medium, Medium Italic, Bold and Bold Italic.

Bi-directional text flow

In Photoshop Middle Eastern versions, the notion of right-to-left behaviour applies to several objects: Paragraph and Character. You can easily mix Right-to-Left and Left-to-Right Words and Paragraphs in a document.

Dictionary and hyphenation module

Photoshop Middle Eastern versions come with a comprehensive dictionary for Arabic allowing you to spell check Arabic text with a choice of rules, like Strict Aleef Hamza, Strict Final Yaa, both or none. Photoshop Middle Eastern version comes with a Dictionary and Hyphenation Module for Hebrew.

Find/replace

You can search for and change specific occurrences of Middle Eastern text. Photoshop Middle Eastern versions include a "Ignore Accent" option. When checked, the user can search for a string of text whether it contains some accents or not.

Save for Web

Special encodings have been added to allow this option to work with Middle Eastern languages.

Contact Sheet II / Picture Gallery / Smart Quotes

These options have been adapted to work correctly with Middle Eastern languages.

Plugins

Main article: Photoshop plugin

Photoshop functionality can be extended by add-on programs called Photoshop plugins which act like mini-editors that modify the image. Photoshop plugins are add-on programs aimed at providing additional image effects or performing tasks that are impossible or hard to fulfill using Adobe Photoshop alone Photoshop plugins are add-on programs aimed at providing additional image effects or performing tasks that are impossible or hard to fulfill using Adobe Photoshop alone The most common type are filter plugins that provide various image effects. They are located in the 'Filter' menu: pre-installed plugins come first, and third-party plugins are placed below the separator.

Trademark

Adobe discourages use of "Photoshop" as a verb, as in using photoshopping to refer to photo editing, to prevent its trademark from becoming a genericized trademark^[13]. Photo manipulation is the application of Image editing techniques to Photographs in order to create an Illusion or Deception (in contrast to mere A trademark or trade mark, represented by the symbols ™ and ®, or mark is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual A genericized trademark (also known as a generic trademark or proprietary eponym) is a Trademark or Brand name that has become the colloquial Nevertheless, photoshop is commonly used as a verb. ^[14]

Consumer market

Photoshop Family of products logo

While Photoshop is the industry standard image editing program for professional raster graphics, its relatively high suggested retail price has led to a number of competing graphics tools being made available at lower prices for the amateur market. In Computer graphics, a raster graphics image or bitmap, is a Data structure representing a generally rectangular grid of Pixels This is a comparison of Raster graphics editors sorted by availability To compete in this market, and to counter unusually high rates of piracy of its high end products, the company introduced a consumer-oriented version of Photoshop as Adobe Photoshop Elements. The Copyright infringement of Software (also known as software piracy) refers to several practices which involve the unauthorized copying of computer Adobe Photoshop Elements is the consumer version of the Adobe Photoshop Raster image editing product sold at a fraction (roughly 1/6th of the cost of the professional A more user-friendly interface and new tools such as the "red-eye" reduction brush were aimed firmly at the more casual image editor, although many professional features were omitted. Removing CMYK functionality, for example, made Elements unsuitable for commercial prepress work. Prepress is the term used in the Printing and Publishing industries for the processes and procedures that occur between the procurement of a written manuscript and ^[15]

See also

• Adobe Photoshop Express
• Image editing
• Photoshop contest

References

External links

• Official website
• Photoshop CS3 documentation
• Photoshop at the Open Directory Project