Adenine
Systematic (IUPAC) name
9H-purin-6-amine
Synonyms
6-aminopurine
Identifiers
CAS number	73-24-5
EINECS	200-796-1
PubChem	190
Chemical data
Formula	C5H5N5
Molar mass	135. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to The EINECS number (for European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances) is a registry number given to each Chemical substance commercially available in the PubChem is a Database of chemical Molecules The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI a component A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Nitrogen (ˈnaɪtɹəʤɪn is a Chemical element that has the symbol N and Atomic number 7 and Atomic weight 14 Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 127
SMILES	Nc1ncnc2[nH]cnc12
Physical data
Melt. point	360 - 365 °C (-265 °F)
Complete data

Adenine is a purine with a variety of roles in biochemistry including cellular respiration, in the form of both the energy-rich adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and protein synthesis, as a chemical component of DNA and RNA. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. Purine ( 1) is a heterocyclic Aromatic Organic compound, consisting of a Pyrimidine ring fused to an Imidazole ring Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living Organisms It deals with the Structure and function of cellular components such as Cellular respiration is the set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in Organisms cells to convert biochemical energy from Adenosine-5'-triphosphate ( ATP) is a multifunctional Nucleotide that is most important as a " molecular currency" of intracellular Energy A cofactor is a non-protein Chemical compound that is bound (either tightly or loosely to an Enzyme and is required for Catalysis. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, abbreviated NAD+, is a Coenzyme found in all living cells The compound is a dinucleotide since it consists In Biochemistry, flavin adenine dinucleotide ( FAD) is a Redox cofactor involved in several important reactions in Metabolism. Protein biosynthesis (synthesis is the process in which cells build Proteins The term is sometimes used to refer only to protein translation but more Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) is a Nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known Ribonucleic acid ( RNA) is a Nucleic acid that consists of a long chain of Nucleotide units ^[1]

Structure

It forms several tautomers, compounds that can be rapidly interconverted and are often considered equivalent. Tautomers are Organic compounds that are interconvertible by a Chemical reaction called tautomerization.

Biosynthesis

The Purine metabolism involves the formation of Adenine and Guanine. Many organisms have Metabolic pathways to synthesize and break down Purines Synthesis Purines are biologically synthesized as Nucleotides (bases attached Guanine is one of the five main Nucleobases found in the Nucleic acids DNA and RNA, the others being Adenine, Cytosine, Both adenine and guanine are derived from the nucleoside inosine monophosphate (IMP), which is synthesised on a pre-existing ribose through a complex pathway using atoms from the amino acids glycine, glutamine, and aspartic acid, as well as formate ions transferred from the coenzyme tetrahydrofolate.

Function

Adenine is one of the two purine nucleobases used in forming nucleotides of the nucleic acids. Structure The "skeleton" of adenine Nucleotides are Organic compounds that consist of three joined structures a nitrogenous base a Sugar, and a Phosphate group A nucleic acid is a Macromolecule composed of chains of monomeric Nucleotides In Biochemistry these Molecules carry Genetic information In DNA, adenine binds to thymine via two hydrogen bonds to assist in stabilizing the nucleic acid structures. Thymine is one of the four bases in the Nucleic acid of DNA that make up the letters ATGC A hydrogen bond results from a Dipole-dipole force between an Electronegative atom and a Hydrogen atom bonded to Nitrogen, Oxygen In RNA, which is used in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis, adenine binds to uracil. The cytoplasm is the contents of a cell that is enclosed within the Plasma membrane. Protein biosynthesis (synthesis is the process in which cells build Proteins The term is sometimes used to refer only to protein translation but more Uracil is a common and naturally occurring Pyrimidine derivative

Adenine forms adenosine, a nucleoside, when attached to ribose, and deoxyadenosine when attached to deoxyribose. Adenosine is a Nucleoside composed of a Molecule of Adenine attached to a Ribose sugar molecule ( Ribofuranose) moiety via a β-N9- See also Adenosine triphosphate (ATP Ribose (ɹˈaɪbəʊs ɹˈaɪbəɹʊs primarily seen as D-ribose, is an Aldopentose — a Monosaccharide containing five Carbon Deoxyadenosine is Deoxyribonucleoside and is considered a derivative of the Nucleoside Adenosine, differing from the latter by the replacement Deoxyribose, also known as D-Deoxyribose and 2-deoxyribose, is an Aldopentose &mdash a Monosaccharide containing five Carbon It forms adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a nucleotide, when three phosphate groups are added to adenosine. Adenosine-5'-triphosphate ( ATP) is a multifunctional Nucleotide that is most important as a " molecular currency" of intracellular Energy Nucleotides are Organic compounds that consist of three joined structures a nitrogenous base a Sugar, and a Phosphate group A phosphate, an Inorganic chemical, is a salt of Phosphoric acid. Adenosine triphosphate is used in cellular metabolism as one of the basic methods of transferring chemical energy between chemical reactions. In Physics and other Sciences energy (from the Greek grc ἐνέργεια - Energeia, "activity operation" from grc ἐνεργός A chemical reaction is a process that always results in the interconversion of Chemical substances The substance or substances initially involved in a chemical reaction are called

History

In older literature, adenine was sometimes called Vitamin B4. ^[2] It is no longer considered a true vitamin or part of the Vitamin B complex. The B vitamins are eight water-soluble Vitamins that play important roles in cell Metabolism. However, two B vitamins, niacin and riboflavin, bind with adenine to form the essential cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), respectively. Niacin, also known as vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin which prevents the deficiency disease Pellagra. Riboflavin ( E101) also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed Micronutrient with a key role in maintaining Health Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, abbreviated NAD+, is a Coenzyme found in all living cells The compound is a dinucleotide since it consists In Biochemistry, flavin adenine dinucleotide ( FAD) is a Redox cofactor involved in several important reactions in Metabolism.

Some think that, at the origin of life on Earth, the first adenine was formed by the polymerization of five hydrogen cyanide (HCN) molecules. In the Natural sciences, Abiogenesis, or origin of life, is the study of how Life on Earth emerged from Inanimate Organic EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 In Polymer chemistry, polymerization is a process of reacting Monomer Molecules together in a Chemical reaction to form three-dimensional networks Hydrogen cyanide is a Chemical compound with Chemical formula HCN However, this has been criticized by some chemists. ^[3]

External links

• Computational Chemistry Wiki

References