Adélie Penguin
Adélie Penguin on Antarctica's Petermann Island
Conservation status
Least Concern
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Sphenisciformes Family: Spheniscidae Genus: Pygoscelis Species: P. Petermann Island is a small Island just off the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula of Antarctica, located at 65 deg 10 min S 64 deg 10 min W just a The conservation status of a Species is an indicator of the likelihood of that species remaining extant either in the present day or the near future Least Concern ( LC) is an IUCN category assigned to extant species or lower taxa which have been evaluated but do not qualify for any other category Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Birds ( class Aves) are bipedal endothermic ( Warm-blooded) Vertebrate animals that lay eggs. Penguins ( order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic, flightless Birds living almost Penguins ( order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic, flightless Birds living almost The genus Pygoscelis ("elbow-legged" contains three living species of Penguins collectively known as "The Brush-Tailed Penguins" adeliae
Binomial name
Pygoscelis adeliae (Hombron & Jacquinot, 1841)

The Adélie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) is a type of penguin common along the entire Antarctic coast and nearby islands. Doctor Jacques Bernard Hombron (1798 &ndash 1852 was a French naval surgeon and naturalist. Honoré Jacquinot (1815&ndash1887 was a French Surgeon and Zoologist. Penguins ( order Sphenisciformes, family Spheniscidae) are a group of aquatic, flightless Birds living almost Aside from the storm petrel, they are the most southerly distributed of all seabirds. The storm-petrels are Seabirds in the family Hydrobatidae, part of the order Procellariiformes. Seabirds are Birds that have adapted to life within the marine environment In 1830, French explorer Dumont d'Urville named them for his wife, Adélie. Rear Admiral Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville ( May 23, 1790, Condé-sur-Noireau, France &ndash May 8, 1842,

Contents 1 Taxonomy 2 Distribution 3 Description 4 Behaviour 4.1 Diet 4.2 Reproduction 5 In popular culture 6 Photo Gallery 7 References 8 External links

Taxonomy

The Adelie Penguin is one of three species in the genus Pygoscelis. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evidence suggests the genus split from other penguins around 38 million years ago, about 2 million years after the ancestors of the genus Aptenodytes. In Cell biology, a mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a membrane-enclosed Organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. In Cell biology, the nucleus (pl nuclei; from Latin la ''nucleus'' or la ''nuculeus'' "little nut" or kernel is a membrane-enclosed Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) is a Nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known The Genus Aptenodytes (from the Ancient Greek a /α 'without' pteno- /πτηνο- 'feather' or 'wing' and dytes /δυτης In turn, the Adelie Penguins split off from the other members of the genus around 19 million years ago. ^[1]

Distribution

There are 38 colonies of Adelie penguins, and there are over 5 million Adelies in the Ross Sea Region.

Ross Island supports a colony of approximately half a million Adélie penguins. Ross Island is an island formed by four Volcanoes in the Ross Sea by Antarctica, off the coast of Victoria Land in McMurdo Sound

Description

These penguins are about 30 to 50 cm (12 to 20 in) in length and 4. 5 kg (10 lbs) in weight. Distinctive marks are the white ring surrounding the eye and the feathers at the base of the bill. These long feathers hide most of the red bill. The tail is a little longer than other penguins' tails.

Behaviour

Like all penguins, the Adelie Penguin is highly social, foraging and nesting in groups.

Diet

Although winter data is lacking, the Adélie penguin is known to feed mainly on Antarctic krill during the chick-rearing season, supplemented by Antarctic silverfish and glacial squid. Antarctic krill ( Euphausia superba) is a Species of Krill found in the Antarctic waters of the Southern Ocean. The Antarctic Silverfish, Pleuragramma antarcticum is a member of the suborder Notothenioidei of the Perciform fishes The Glacial Squid ( Psychroteuthis glacialis) is a medium-sized Squid found in Coastal waters near Antarctica and South America The stable isotope record of fossil eggshell accumulated in colonies over the last 38,000 years reveals a sudden change from a fish-based diet to krill that started two hundred years ago. Stable isotopes are chemical isotopes that are not Radioactive (to current knowledge The term eggshell is a term for the outer covering of a hard-shelled egg, and some forms of eggs with soft outer coats This is most likely due to the decline of the Antarctic fur seal since the late 1700s and baleen whales in the twentieth century. The Antarctic Fur Seal ( Arctocephalus gazella) is one of eight seals in the genus Arctocephalus, and one of the nine fur seals in the family The baleen whales, also called whalebone whales or great whales, form the Mysticeti, one of two suborders of the Cetacea (whales dolphins and The reduction of competition from these predators has resulted in a surplus of krill, which the penguins now exploit as an easier source of food. ^[2]

Reproduction

Adélie Penguins arrive at their breeding grounds in October. Their nests consist of stones piled together. In December, the warmest month in Antarctica (about -2°C), the parents take turns incubating the egg; one goes to feed and the other stays to warm the egg. The parent who is incubating does not eat. In March, the adults and their young return to the sea. The Adélie penguin lives on sea ice but needs the ice-free land to breed. With a reduction in sea ice and a scarcity of food, populations of the Adélie penguin have dropped by 65% over the past 25 years.

In popular culture

• Though the coat of the Linux kernel mascot Tux does not represent a single species of penguin, some believe that he resembles the likeness of an Adelie Penguin. Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks
• The 1938 children's book Mr. Popper's Penguins revolves around the story of twelve Adélie penguins. Mr Popper's Penguins is a Children's book written by Richard & Florence Atwater originally published in 1938.
• The 1971 film Mr Forbush and The Penguins (Mr Forbush and The Penguins at the Internet Movie Database) follows John Hurt's character as he spends 6 months observing (and becoming attached to) a colony of Adelie penguins. John Vincent Hurt, CBE (born 22 January 1940 is an English Actor.
• The 1988 children's film The Adventures of Scamper the Penguin featured Adélie Penguins. The Adventures of Scamper the Penguin (also known as The Adventures of Lolo the Penguin outside the United States) is a 1988
• Penguins have been discovered with methods of self defense including primitive tool making and poisoned decoys. Self-defense (or self-defence &mdash see spelling differences) is the act of defending oneself one's property or the well-being of another from physical harm Decoys is a 2004 Film directed and co-written by Matthew Hastings, and co-written by Tom Berry. These have also helped in hunting methods. Hunting is the practice of pursuing Animals for Food, Recreation, or Trade.
• The 1995 film The Pebble and the Penguin was based on Adélie courtship behavior wherein the birds build nests of pebbles to attract mates. Warner Bros Please do not add anything to this article that implies it was made by Disney
• The 1999 film Never Been Kissed the main character, Josie, makes a reference to the penguin's lifestyle. Never Been Kissed is a 1999 comedy directed by Raja Gosnell and starring Scream 's Drew Barrymore and David Arquette
• The 2005 film Madagascar the Madagascar Penguins featured are presumed to be Adelie Penguins. The Madagascar Penguins, from the Film, Madagascar, are a group of four penguins who believe they are either
• The 2006 Film Happy Feet the main character Mumble, an Emperor Penguin, befriends a group of Cuban-accented Adélie penguins. Happy Feet is an Australian -produced 2006 computer-animated Comedy-drama musical Film, directed and co-written The Emperor Penguin ( Aptenodytes forsteri) is the tallest and heaviest of all living Penguin species and is endemic to Antarctica.
• In the webcomic Wally & Osborne, Osborne is an Adelie penguin. Webcomics, online comics, or Internet comics are Comics Published on a Website, often exclusively providing easy access to an Wally and Osborne, formerly titled On the Rocks, is a humor Webcomic by Tyler Martin
• The Daily Telegraph, a major United Kingdom newspaper, ran an April Fool's Day 2008 joke promoting a BBC special showing flying Adélie penguins.

Photo Gallery

References

External links

• BirdLife Species Factsheet
• Info about all species of penguins
• 70south.com: Info on Adélie Penguin
• Adélie Penguin images
• Photographs of Adélie Penguin
• Penguin World: Adélie Penguin
• Dr. George Murray Levick's 1914 book Antarctic Penguins
• Polar Discovery: Penguins and Lava Flows
• Roscoe, R. Adelie Penguin. Photo Volcaniaca. Retrieved on 13 April 2008.

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