Adelard of Bath (Latin: Adelardus Bathensis) (c. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. 1080 – c. 1152) was a 12th century English scholar. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland He is known both for his original works and for translating many important Arabic scientific works of astrology, astronomy, philosophy and mathematics into Latin, including ancient Greek texts which only existed in Arabic form, which were then introduced to Europe. Astrology (from Greek grc ἄστρον astron, "constellation star" and grc -λογία -logia) is a group of Systems Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and He studied at Tours, taught for a time at Laon, then travelled to Southern Italy, Syracuse in Sicily, and Antioch in Asia Minor. Tours is a city in France the Préfecture (capital city of the Indre-et-Loire département, on the lower reaches of the river Laon (lɑ̃ is a city and commune in Picardie in northern France, préfecture (capital} of the Aisne department Syracuse (Siracusa Sicilian: Sarausa, Classical Greek: / transliterated Syrakousai) is a historic City in Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. Antioch on the Orontes (Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη Antiochia ad Orontem also Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black He had settled in Bath in England by 1122. Bath is a city in Somerset in the south west of England It is situated west of London and south-east of Bristol. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland [1]
Contents |
Background
One of the first to introduce the Indian number system to Europe and helped the resurgence of Europe after many centuries of dark ages. He wrote a book called "Liber algorismi de Numero Indorum". His highly regarded original works, the Quaestiones Naturales (Natural Questions), the De Eodem et Diverso (On the Same and the Different) and a shorter treatise On Birds were addressed to his nephew in the form of dialogue or correspondence. In the Natural Questions he indicates he is responding to his nephews' desire to know what Adelard had learned "from the studies of the Arabs," while in the others he passes on Greek and English learning. [2] Adelard also displays original thought of a scientific bent, raising the question of the shape of the Earth (he believed it round) and the question of how it remains stationary in space, and also the interesting question of how far a rock would fall if a hole were drilled through the earth and a rock dropped in it, see center of gravity. He theorized that matter could not be destroyed, see Law of conservation of matter. The law of conservation of mass/matter, also known as law of mass/matter conservation (or the Lomonosov - Lavoisier law says that the Mass of Also the interesting question of why water experiences difficulty flowing out of a container that has been turned upside down, see atmospheric pressure and vacuum. This vacuum means "absence of matter" or "an empty area or space" for the cleaning appliance see Vacuum cleaner. Many of the other questions addressed reflect the popular culture of the times. In On the Same and the Different he contrasts the virtues of the seven liberal arts with worldly interests. The term liberal arts refers to a particular type of educational Curriculum broadly defined as a Classical education.
He translated the astronomical tables of al-Khwarizmi and the Introduction to Astrology of Abū Ma'shar . Ja'far ibn Muḥammad Abū Ma'shar al-Balkhī ( 10 August 787 in Balkh, Afghanistan &ndash 9 March 886 in al-Wasit He wrote a short treatise on the abacus (Regulae abaci). An abacus, also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool used primarily by Asians for performing arithmetic processes He wrote a treatise on the astrolabe. The astrolabe is a historical Astronomical instrument used by classical astronomers, Navigators He translated Euclid's Elements into Latin from an Arabic translation of the Greek original. Euclid ( Greek:.) fl 300 BC also known as Euclid of Alexandria, is often referred to as the Father of Geometry Euclid's Elements ( Greek:) is a mathematical and geometric Treatise consisting of 13 books written by the Greek Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Johannes Campanus probably had access to Adelard's translation of Elements, and it is Campanus' edition that was first published in Venice in 1482 after the invention of the printing press. Johannes Campanus (in Italian, Giovanni Campano; also known as Campanus of Novara or similar (1220-1296 was an Italian Astrologer A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a medium (such as paper or cloth thereby transferring an image It became the chief text-book of the mathematical schools of Europe.
See also
Notes
- ^ There is some uncertainty on the details of his career; see Burnett (1987) and Burnett (1999). The Renaissance of the 12th century saw a major search by European scholars for new learning which led them to the Arabic fringes of Europe especially to Islamic
- ^ Charles Burnett, ed. and trans. , Adelard of Bath, Conversations with His Nephew, pp. xi-xii
Further reading
- Burnett, Charles, ed. and trans. (1999). Adelard of Bath, Conversations with His Nephew: On the Same and the Different, Questions on Natural Science and On Birds. With the collaboration of Italo Ronca, Pedro Mantas España, and Baudouin Van den Abeele. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-39471-6
- Burnett, Charles. (1987). Adelard of Bath: an English scientist and Arabist of the early twelfth century. Warburg Institute, University of London.
- Clagett, Marshall (1970). "Adelard of Bath". Dictionary of Scientific Biography 1. The Dictionary of Scientific Biography is a scholarly reference work that was published from 1970 through 1980 New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. 61-64. ISBN 0684101149.
- Cochrane, Louise. (1995). Adelard of Bath: The First English Scientist. London: British Museum Press. paperback ISBN 0-7141-1748-X
- Haskins, Charles H. (1927). "Adelard of Bath,"pp. 20-42 in Haskins, Studies in the History of Medieval Science. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Thorndike, Lynn. (1923). A History of Magic and Experimental Science: During the First Thirteen Centuries of Our Era, Volume II. Columbia University Press, New York and London, 1036 pages. pp. 19-49. ISBN 0-231-08795-0
External links
- ADELHARD
- O'Connor, John J. & Robertson, Edmund F. , “Adelard of Bath”, MacTutor History of Mathematics archive
- Adelhard (Adelard) of Bath - Give and take reason
- Adelard of Bath Timeline from the Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institution
- Extract from Adelard's "Very Difficult Natural Questions"
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic