| Adelaide South Australia |
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 Location of Adelaide within Australia |
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| Population: | 1,146,119 (2006)[1] (5th) | ||||||
| • Density: | 1295/km² (3354. South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology This list of Australian cities by population briefly explains the three different population figures given for Australian cities and provides rankings for each Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 0/sq mi) (2006)[2] | ||||||
| Established: | 28 December 1836 | ||||||
| Area: | 1826. Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 9 km² (705. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 4 sq mi) | ||||||
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• Summer (DST) |
ACST (UTC+9:30) | ||||||
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Adelaide is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of South Australia, and is the fifth largest city in Australia, with a population of over 1. Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. There are eight capital cities in Australia, all of which function at a sub-national level For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Commonwealth of Australia is made up of 8 states and territories controlled under a federal system of government South Australia is a state of Australia in the southern central part of the country 1 million. [3] It is a coastal city beside the Southern Ocean, and is situated on the Adelaide Plains, north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, between the Gulf St. Vincent and the low-lying Mount Lofty Ranges. The Southern Ocean, also known as the Great Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Ocean and the South Polar Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of The Adelaide Plains ( is the area in South Australia between the Mount Lofty Ranges on the east and Gulf Saint Vincent on the west The Fleurieu Peninsula is a picturesque peninsula located south of Adelaide in South Australia, Australia. St Vincent's Gulf ( is a large inlet of water on the southern coast of Australia, in the state of South Australia. The Mount Lofty Ranges are the range of mountains to the east of Adelaide in South Australia, stretching from the southernmost point of the Fleurieu Peninsula It is roughly 20 km from the coast to the foothills but sprawls 90 km from Gawler at its northern extent to Sellicks Beach in the south. Gawler is reputedly the first country town in the state of South Australia, and is named after the second Governor (British Vice-Regal representative of the colony Sellicks Beach is a town in South Australia, close to Aldinga, and representing the southernmost extent of the Adelaide urban Conurbation.
Named in honour of Queen Adelaide, the consort of King William IV, the city was founded in 1836 as the planned capital for the only freely-settled British province in Australia. Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen (Adelaide Louise Theresa Caroline Amelia later Queen Adelaide 13 August 1792 – 2 December 1849 was the Queen consort of William A queen consort is the title given to the wife of a reigning king. William IV (William Henry 21 August 1765 &ndash 20 June 1837 was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until A new town, planned community or planned city is a City, Town, or Community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically A province is a territorial unit almost always an Administrative division. Colonel William Light, one of Adelaide's founding fathers, designed the city and chose its location close to the River Torrens in an area traditionally inhabited by the Kaurna aboriginal peoples. Colonel William Light, 27 April 1786 &ndash 6 October 1839, was a British military officer and first Surveyor-General The River Torrens is the most significant river of the Adelaide Plains and was one of the reasons for the siting of the city of Adelaide, capital of South The Kaurna (pronounced "Garner" people are a group of Indigenous Australians whose traditional lands lie in and around the Adelaide Plains of South Light's design set out Adelaide in a grid layout, interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares, and entirely surrounded by parkland. The Adelaide Park Lands (commonly Parklands) are the Parklands that surround the city-centre of South Australian capital of Adelaide Early Adelaide was shaped by religious freedom and a commitment to political progressivism and civil liberties, which led to world-first reforms. Progressivism is a term that refers to a broad school of international social and political philosophies. Today Adelaide is known for its many festivals as well as for its wine, arts and sports.
As South Australia's seat of government and commercial centre, Adelaide is the site of many governmental and financial institutions. Most of these are concentrated in the city centre along the cultural boulevard of North Terrace, King William Street and in various districts of the metropolitan area. North Terrace is one of the four terraces that bound the Central business district of the city of Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. King William Street is a major arterial road that traverses the Central business district (CBD of Adelaide (the capital of South Australia) from north
Contents |
History
Prior to British settlement, the Adelaide area was inhabited by the Kaurna Aboriginal tribe (pronounced "Garner" or "Gowna"). This article details the History of Adelaide from the first human activity in the region to the 20th century North Terrace is one of the four terraces that bound the Central business district of the city of Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. The Kaurna (pronounced "Garner" people are a group of Indigenous Australians whose traditional lands lie in and around the Adelaide Plains of South This is an article about a class of people as identified and defined within Australian law Acknowledged Kaurna country comprised the Adelaide Plains and surrounding regions - from Cape Jervis in the south, and to Port Wakefield in the north. Cape Jervis ( postcode 5204 is a town at the southwestern tip of Fleurieu Peninsula in South Australia, approximately 108 km south of Adelaide. Port Wakefield ( was the first government town to be established north of the capital Adelaide, in South Australia. Among their unique customs were burn-offs (controlled bushfires) in the Adelaide Hills which the early Europeans spotted before the Kaurna people were pushed out by settlement. Ladysmith-RFSJPG|right|thumb| Ladysmith NSW RFS fire fighting tanker]]A Bushfire is a Fire that occurs in the bush (collective term for The Adelaide Hills are part of the Mount Lofty Ranges, east of the city of Adelaide in the state of South Australia. By 1852, the total population (by census count) of the Kaurna was 650 in the Adelaide region and steadily decreasing. During the winter months, they moved into the Adelaide Hills for better shelter and firewood. [4][5]
South Australia was officially settled as a new British province on 28 December 1836, near the The Old Gum Tree in what is now the suburb of Glenelg North. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap The Old Gum Tree in Glenelg North, South Australia is a historic site associated with Governor John Hindmarsh 's Proclamation (on December 28 Glenelg North is a suburb of Adelaide, South Australia. It is mainly in the City of Holdfast Bay, but a portion lies within the City of West Torrens This day is now commemorated as Proclamation Day in South Australia. Proclamation Day is the name of a number of days either commemorating or marked by a Proclamation being issued The site of the colony's capital city was surveyed and laid out by Colonel William Light, the first Surveyor-General of South Australia, through the design made by the architect George Strickland Kingston. George Strickland Kingston (August 1807 in Bandon County Cork, Ireland – 1880 at sea arrived in South Australia on the Cygnet in 1836 [6] In 1823, Light had fondly written of the Sicilian city of Catania: "The two principal streets cross each other at right angles in the square in the direction of north and south and east and west. Catania ( Greek: &ndash Katánē; Latin: Catăna and Catĭna; Arabic: They are wide and spacious and about a mile long", and this became the basis for the plan of Adelaide. Light chose, not without opposition, a site on rising ground close to the River Torrens, which became the chief early water supply for the fledgling colony. "Light's Vision", as it has been termed, has meant that the initial design of Adelaide required little modification as the city grew and prospered. The first surveyor-general of Adelaide, South Australia, Colonel William Light designed a layout and development programme for the city Usually in an older city it would be necessary to accommodate larger roads and add parks, whereas Adelaide had them from the start. Adelaide was established as the centre of a planned colony of free immigrants, promising civil liberties and freedom from religious persecution, based upon the ideas of Edward Gibbon Wakefield. A new town, planned community or planned city is a City, Town, or Community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term Edward Gibbon Wakefield ( 20 March, 1796 &ndash May 16, 1862) was the driving force behind much of the early colonization of South Wakefield had read accounts of Australian settlement[7] while in prison in London for attempting to abduct an heiress, and realised that the eastern colonies suffered from a lack of available labour, due to the practice of giving land grants to all arrivals. [8] Wakefield's idea was for the Government to survey and sell the land at a rate that would maintain land values high enough to be unaffordable for labourers and journeymen. [9] Funds raised from the sale of land would be used to bring out working class emigrants, who would have to work hard for the monied settlers to ever afford their own land. [10] As a result of this policy, Adelaide does not share the convict settlement history of other Australian cities like Sydney, Perth, Brisbane and Hobart. During the late 18th and 19th centuries large numbers of Convicts were transported to the various Australian penal colonies by the British government Sydney (ˈsɪdniː is the most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 4 Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland Hobart is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania.
Adelaide's early history was wrought by economic uncertainty and incompetent leadership. The first governor of South Australia, John Hindmarsh, clashed frequently with others, in particular with the Resident Commissioner, James Hurtle Fisher. Rear-Admiral Sir John Hindmarsh KH RN (1785 – 29 July 1860) was the first Sir James Hurtle Fisher ( 1790 – January 28 1875) was a lawyer and prominent South Australian pioneer The rural area surrounding Adelaide city was surveyed by Light in preparation to sell a total of over 405 km² of land. Adelaide's early economy started to get on its feet in 1838 with the arrival of livestock from New South Wales and Tasmania. Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass The wool industry served as an early basis for the South Australian economy. Light's survey was completed in this period, and land was promptly offered to sale to early colonists. Wheat farms ranged from Encounter Bay in the south to Clare in the north by 1860. Encounter Bay is located on the south central coast of South Australia, some 100km south of Adelaide, South Australia The town of Clare (postcode 5453 is located in South Australia in the Mid North region 136 km north of Adelaide. Governor Gawler took over from Hindmarsh in late 1838 and promptly oversaw construction of a governor's house, Adelaide Gaol, police barracks, hospital, and customs house and a wharf at Port Adelaide. Lieutenant-Colonel George Gawler, KH ( 21 July 1795 – 7 May 1869) was the second governor of South Australia. Adelaide Gaol was an Australian Prison located in Thebarton, South Australia, Australia. Port Adelaide ( is a suburb of Adelaide lying about 14 kilometres northwest of the City of Adelaide. In addition, houses for public officials and missionaries, and outstations for police and surveyors were also constructed during Gawler's governorship. Adelaide had also become economically self-sufficient during this period, but at heavy cost: the colony was heavily in debt and relied on bail-outs from London to stay afloat. Debt is that which is owed usually referencing Assets owed but the term can cover other obligations Gawler was recalled and replaced by Governor Grey in 1841. For other men with a similar name see George Grey (disambiguation or George Gray Sir George Grey, KCB ( 14 April Grey slashed public expenditure against heavy opposition, although its impact was negligible at this point: silver was discovered in Glen Osmond that year, agricultural industries were well underway, and other mines sprung up all over the state, aiding Adelaide's commercial development. Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Glen Osmond is a small suburb of Adelaide in the City of Burnside located in the foothills of the Adelaide Hills. The city exported meat, wool, wine, fruit and wheat by the time Grey left in 1845, contrasting with a low point in 1842 when one-third of Adelaide houses were abandoned.
Trade links with the rest of the Australian states were established with the Murray River being successfully navigated in 1853 by Francis Cadell, an Adelaide resident. The General Post Office (GPO was officially established in England in 1660 by Charles II and it eventually grew to combine the functions of both the state The Murray River, or River Murray and sometimes informally referred to as the "Mighty Murray" is Australia 's largest River. Francis Cadell ( 9 February 1822 – 1879 was a European explorer of Australia.
South Australia became a self-governing colony in 1856 with the ratification of a new constitution by the British parliament. A self-governing colony is a Colony with an elected Legislature, in which Politicians are able to make most decisions without reference to the Ratification is the act of giving official sanction or approval to a formal document such as a treaty or constitution A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity Secret ballots were introduced, and a bicameral parliament was elected on 9 March 1857, by which time 109,917 people lived in the province. The secret ballot is a voting method in which a Voter 's choices are confidential In Government, bicameralism (bi + Latin la ''camera'' chamber is the practice of having two legislative or Parliamentary chambers Thus a bicameral [11]
In 1860 the Thorndon Park reservoir was opened, finally providing an alternative water source to the turbid River Torrens. Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by individual particles ( suspended solids) that are generally invisible to the Naked eye In 1867 gas street lighting was implemented, the University of Adelaide was founded in 1874, the South Australian Art Gallery opened in 1881 and the Happy Valley Reservoir opened in 1896. A street light, lamppost, street lamp, light standard or lamp standard, is a raised source of Light on the edge of a Road The University of Adelaide (colloquially Adelaide University or Adelaide Uni) is a Public university located in Adelaide, South Australia The Art Gallery of South Australia (AGSA located on the cultural Boulevard of North Terrace in Adelaide, is the premier arts institution in the Australian Happy Valley Reservoir is one of the oldest Reservoirs in South Australia, having been built between 1892 and 1897 at a cost of AU$ 1 In the 1890s Australia was affected by a severe economic depression, ending a hectic era of land booms and tumultuous expansionism. In Economics, a depression is a term commonly used for a sustained downturn in one or more national economies Financial institutions in Melbourne and banks in Sydney closed. Melbourne ( is the second most populous city in Australia, with a Metropolitan area population of approximately 3 The national fertility rate fell and immigration was reduced to a trickle. The total fertility rate ( TFR, sometimes also called the fertility rate, period total fertility rate (PTFR or total The value of South Australia's exports nearly halved. Drought and poor harvests from 1884 compounded the problems, with some families leaving for Western Australia. A drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. Adelaide was not as badly hit as the larger gold-rush cities of Sydney and Melbourne, and silver and lead discoveries at Broken Hill provided some relief. Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly For the Local Government Area of Broken Hill see City of Broken Hill Broken Hill is an isolated Mining city and Local Government Area Only one year of deficit was recorded, but the price paid was retrenchments and lean public spending. A budget deficit occurs when an Entity (often a Government) spends more Money than it takes in Wine and copper were the only industries not to suffer a downturn. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29
Electric street lighting was introduced in 1900 and electric trams were transporting passengers in 1909. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train 28,000 men were sent to fight in World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Adelaide enjoyed a post-war boom but, with the return of droughts, entered the depression of the 1930s, later returning to prosperity under strong government leadership. Secondary industries helped reduce the state's dependence on primary industries. The 1933 census recorded the state population at 580,949, less of an increase than other states due to the state's economic limitations. World War II brought industrial stimulus and diversification to Adelaide under the Playford Government, which advocated Adelaide as a safe place for manufacturing due to its less vulnerable location. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Sir Thomas Playford, GCMG (5 July 1896 – 16 June 1981 was a South Australian politician and a well known farmer 70,000 men and women enlisted and shipbuilding was expanded at the nearby port of Whyalla. Whyalla is the third most populous City in South Australia after Adelaide and Mount Gambier.
The South Australian Government in this period built on former wartime manufacturing industries. International manufacturers like General Motors Holden and Chrysler (now Mitsubishi) made use of these factories around Adelaide completing its transformation from an agricultural service centre to a twentieth-century city. GM Holden Ltd is an Australian automaker based in Port Melbourne Victoria. Chrysler Australia is a trading name for DaimlerChrysler Australia/Pacific Pty Ltd Mitsubishi Motors Australia Ltd (MMAL is a fully owned subsidiary of Mitsubishi Motors Corporation (MMC of Japan A pipeline from Mannum brought River Murray water to Adelaide in 1954 and an international airport opened at West Beach in 1955. Mannum is a historic town on the west bank of the Murray River in South Australia, east of Adelaide. The Murray River, or River Murray and sometimes informally referred to as the "Mighty Murray" is Australia 's largest River. Adelaide Airport is the principal airport in the South Australian capital of Adelaide, operated by Adelaide Airport Limited. West Beach (postcode 5024 is a seaside suburb of An assisted migration scheme brought 215,000 immigrants of all nationalities to South Australia between 1947 and 1973. The Dunstan Government in the 1970s saw something of an Adelaide 'cultural revival' - establishing a wide array of social reforms and overseeing the city becoming a centre of the arts. Donald Allan Dunstan, AC, QC (21 September 1926 – 6 February 1999 was an Australian Politician. Adelaide hosted the Australian Grand Prix between 1985 and 1996 on a street circuit in the city's east parklands, before losing it to Melbourne. The Australian Grand Prix is a Formula One race that is part of the annual Formula One championship season [12] The 1992 State Bank collapse plunged both Adelaide and South Australia into economic recession, and its effects lasted until 2004, when ratings agency Standard & Poor's reinstated South Australia's AAA credit rating. The State Bank of South Australia was a Bank owned by the Government of South Australia. Standard & Poor's ( S&P) is a division of McGraw-Hill that publishes financial research and analysison Stocks and bonds. [13] Recent years have seen the Clipsal 500 V8 Supercar race make use of sections of the former Formula One circuit. The Clipsal 500 is an annual racing carnival for Touring Cars held in the east end of Adelaide on a shortened form of the Adelaide Street Circuit, V8 Supercars is a Touring car racing category operated under the regulations of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA
Geography
Adelaide is located north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, on the Adelaide Plains between the Gulf St Vincent and the low-lying Mount Lofty Ranges. The city stretches 20 km from the coast to the foothills, and 90 km from Gawler at its northern extent to Sellicks Beach in the south. Gawler is reputedly the first country town in the state of South Australia, and is named after the second Governor (British Vice-Regal representative of the colony Sellicks Beach is a town in South Australia, close to Aldinga, and representing the southernmost extent of the Adelaide urban Conurbation. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, the Adelaide Metropolitan Region has a total land area of 870 km², and is at an average elevation of 50 metres above sea level. The Australian Bureau of Statistics ( ABS) is Australia 's national statistical agency. Mount Lofty is located east of the Adelaide metropolitan region in the Adelaide Hills at an elevation of 727 metres. Mount Lofty ( elevation 727 metres AHD) is the highest point in the Mount Lofty Ranges east of Adelaide in South Australia. It is the tallest point of the city and in the state south of Burra. Burra is a pastoral centre and historic tourist town in the mid-north of South Australia.
Much of Adelaide was bushland before British settlement, with some variation - swamps and marshlands were prevalent around the coast. However, much of the original vegetation has been cleared with what is left to be found in reserves such as the Cleland Conservation Park and Belair National Park. Cleland Conservation Park is a Conservation park in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia. Belair National Park (formerly known as Belair Recreation Park is a national park in South Australia ( Australia) 13 km south of Adelaide. A number of creeks and rivers flow through the Adelaide region. The largest are the Torrens and Onkaparinga catchments. Onkaparinga River National Park is in South Australia ( Australia) 32 km south of Adelaide also incorporates the Onkaparinga River Recreation Park Adelaide relies on its many reservoirs for water supply, with Mount Bold Reservoir and Happy Valley Reservoir together supplying around 50% of Adelaide's requirements. Mount Bold Reservoir is the largest reservoir in South Australia with a maximum capacity of over forty-six thousand Megalitres.
Urban layout
Adelaide is a planned city, designed by the first surveyor-general of South Australia, Colonel William Light. The first surveyor-general of Adelaide, South Australia, Colonel William Light designed a layout and development programme for the city A new town, planned community or planned city is a City, Town, or Community that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically His plan, now known as Light's Vision, arranged Adelaide in a grid, with five squares in the inner City of Adelaide and a ring of parks known as the Adelaide Parklands surrounding it. The inner city is the central area of a major city or metropolis Light's design was initially unpopular with the early settlers, as well as South Australia's first Governor, John Hindmarsh. Light persisted with his design against this initial opposition. The benefits of Light's design are numerous; Adelaide has had wide multi-lane roads from its beginning, an easily-navigable grid layout and a beautiful green ring around the city centre. There are two sets of 'ring roads' in Adelaide that have resulted from the original design. The inner ring route borders the parklands and the outer route completely bypasses the inner city through (in clockwise order) Grand Junction Road, Hampstead Road, Ascot Avenue, Portrush Road, Cross Road and South Road. Grand Junction Road is the longest east-west thoroughfare in the Adelaide metropolitan area and is located approximately 9 kilometres north of the city centre Portrush Road is a major part of National Route A17, a bypass route in Adelaide, the capital of South Australia. South Road (route A13 B23 is a major north-south conduit in Adelaide, South Australia. [14]
Urban expansion has to some extent outgrown Light's original plan. Numerous satellite cities were built in the later half of the 20th century, notably Salisbury and Elizabeth on the city's northern fringes, which have now been enveloped by its urban sprawl. Salisbury (ˈsɔːlzbəri is a suburb in the north of Adelaide, South Australia. Elizabeth is a suburb in the northern extent of Adelaide, South Australia. Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is the spreading of a city and its Suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area New developments in the Adelaide Hills region facilitated the construction of the South Eastern Freeway to cope with growth. The South Eastern Freeway is a 66 kilometre four-lane divided carriageway road in South Australia linking the Adelaide-Crafers Highway to the Princes Highway Similarly, the booming development in Adelaide's South made the construction of the Southern Expressway a necessity. The City of Onkaparinga is a local government area (LGA located on the southern fringe of Adelaide, South Australia. The Southern Expressway is the world's longest reversible one way freeway. New roads are not the only transport infrastructure developed to cope with the urban growth, however. The O-Bahn Busway is an example of a unique solution to Tea Tree Gully's transport woes in the 1980s. The O-Bahn Busway (also known as the Northeast Busway in the South Australian capital city of Adelaide is the world's longest and fastest Guided busway Tea Tree Gully is a suburb in the greater Adelaide South Australia area under the City of Tea Tree Gully. [15] The development of the nearby suburb of Golden Grove in the late 1980s is possibly an example of well-thought-out urban planning. The newer urban areas as a whole, however, are not as integrated into the urban layout as much as older areas, and therefore place more stress on Adelaide's transportation system – although not on a level comparable with Melbourne or Sydney.
Climate
Adelaide has a Mediterranean / subtropical climate. Adelaide has a hot Mediterranean climate ( Koppen climate classification Csa) which generally means mild wet winters and hot dry summers Summers are usually dry and hot, usually reaching 32°C (90°F) in the day and 20°C (68°F) at night, most days can exceed that though. Winter is mild to warm, most of the rain is seen in this season. Days usually reach 17°C (63°F), and nights around 9°C (48°F). The hottest recorded was 49°C (120°F) and the coldest was 2°C (36°F). Snow or frost has never been seen as far as records go back. Heatwaves occur often in Adelaide in the summer, with day temperatures reaching a maximum of 44°C+ (111°F+), and a minimum temperature that sometimes rarely gets below 34°C (93°F).
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean daily maximum temperature (°C) | 32. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. 1 | 31. 3 | 29. 2 | 26. 3 | 23. 0 | 19. 1 | 17. 3 | 18. 2 | 22. 1 | 25. 4 | 27. 2 | 30. 0 | ||
| Mean daily minimum temperature (°C) | 20. 0 | 19. 1 | 17. 1 | 15. 3 | 13. 2 | 11. 1 | 9. 4 | 10. 2 | 13. 4 | 15. 2 | 17. 3 | 18. 1 | ||
| Mean total rainfall (mm) | 19. The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to 2 | 13. 7 | 26. 2 | 38. 7 | 62. 6 | 83. 1 | 77. 8 | 68. 1 | 63. 6 | 48. 5 | 29. 6 | 26. 8 | 558. 1 | |
| Mean number of rain days | 4. 3 | 3. 4 | 5. 7 | 7. 9 | 12. 3 | 15. 4 | 16. 2 | 16. 4 | 13. 2 | 10. 8 | 8. 1 | 6. 7 | 120. 5 | |
| Source: Bureau of Meteorology | ||||||||||||||
Governance
The Adelaide metropolitan area is divided between eighteen local government areas, including, at its centre, the City of Adelaide, which administers the CBD, North Adelaide, and the surrounding Adelaide Parklands. The form of the Government of South Australia is prescribed in its Constitution which dates from 1856 although it has been amended many times since then Parliament House in Adelaide, Australia, is the seat of the Parliament of South Australia. The Parliament of South Australia is the Legislature of the Australian state of South Australia. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central This is a list of Local Government Areas of South Australia. The list is split into two groups based on whether the LGA lies inside the Adelaide metropolitan The City of Adelaide is a local government area of South Australia covering the original Adelaide settlement North Adelaide is a predominantly residential Precinct of the City of Adelaide in South Australia, situated north of the River Torrens and within The Adelaide Park Lands (commonly Parklands) are the Parklands that surround the city-centre of South Australian capital of Adelaide It is the oldest municipal authority in Australia and was established in 1840, when Adelaide and Australia's first mayor, James Hurtle Fisher, was elected. A township (or Municipality) is a settlement which has the status and powers of a unit of local government Sir James Hurtle Fisher ( 1790 – January 28 1875) was a lawyer and prominent South Australian pioneer From 1919 onwards, the City has had a Lord Mayor, the current being Lord Mayor Michael Harbison. This is a list of the Mayors and Lord Mayors of the City of Adelaide, a Local Government Area of South Australia. Michael Harbison is the current Lord Mayor of Adelaide, South Australia.
Adelaide, as the capital of South Australia, is the seat of the Government of South Australia. The form of the Government of South Australia is prescribed in its Constitution which dates from 1856 although it has been amended many times since then As Adelaide is South Australia's capital and most populous city, the State Government co-operates extensively with the City of Adelaide. In 2006, the Ministry for the City of Adelaide was created to facilitate the state government's collaboration with the Adelaide City Council and the Lord Mayor to improve Adelaide's image. The state parliament's Capital City Committee[16] is also involved in the governance of the City of Adelaide, being primarily concerned with the planning of Adelaide's urban development and growth.
Demography
As of 2006 Census, Adelaide had a metropolitan population of more than 1,105,839, making it Australia's fifth largest city. In the 2002-2003 period the population grew by 0. 6%, while the national average was 1. 2%. Some 70. 3% of the population of South Australia are residents of the Adelaide metropolitan area, making South Australia one of the most centralised states. Major areas of population growth in recent years were in outer suburbs such as Mawson Lakes and Golden Grove. Mawson Lakes (post code 5095 ( is a suburb and new residential development in the City of Salisbury, Adelaide, with a census area population of 5246 Adelaide's inhabitants occupy 341,227 houses, 54,826 semi-detached, row terrace or town houses and 49,327 flats, units or apartments.
Persons of high-income are concentrated on the coastal suburbs (such as Brighton and Glenelg), eastern suburbs (such as Tusmore, Joslin and College Park) and south-eastern suburbs (such as Burnside and Waterfall Gully). South San Jose (cropjpg||thumb|A suburban development in San Jose California. Brighton is a coastal suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, situated between Seacliff and Glenelg and aside Holdfast Bay. (For other meanings of Glenelg see Glenelg (disambiguation) Glenelg is a popular beach-side suburb of the South Australian capital of Adelaide thumb|right|230px|Road in Burnside --> Burnside is a small suburb that is part of the City of Burnside in the eastern suburbs of Adelaide. Waterfall Gully ( is an outer suburb of the South Australian capital city of Adelaide. Almost a fifth (17. 9%) of the population had university qualifications. The number of Adelaideans with vocational qualifications (such as tradespersons) fell from 62. 1% of the labour force in the 1991 census to 52. 4% in the 2001 census.
Over half of the population identifies as Christian, with the largest denominations being Catholic (22. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings See also Catholic Church, Christianity in Australia The Catholic Church in Australia is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual 1%), Anglican (14. The Anglican Church of Australia, a member church of the Anglican Communion, was previously officially known as the Church of England in Australia and Tasmania (renamed 0%), Uniting Church (8. The Uniting Church in Australia ( UCA) was formed on June 22 1977 when many congregations of the Methodist Church of Australasia, 4%) and Eastern Orthodox (3. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world 8%). Approximately 24% of the population expressed no religious affiliation, compared with the national average of 18. 7%.
Overall, Adelaide is ageing more rapidly than other Australian capital cities. Just over a quarter (26. 7%) of Adelaide's population is aged 55 years or older, in comparison to the national average of 24. 3%. Adelaide has the lowest number of children (under-15 year olds), which composed 17. 8% of the population, compared to the national average of 19. 8.
Overseas-born Adelaideans composed 23. 7% (262,367) of the total population. The north-western suburbs (such as Woodville and Athol Park) and suburbs close to the CBD have a higher ratio of overseas-born residents. Woodville is a suburb of Adelaide, situated about 8 kilometres northwest of the Central Business District of Adelaide. Athol Park is a north-western Suburb of Adelaide 10km from the CBD, in the state of South Australia, Australia and falls under the The five largest groups of overseas-born were from England (7. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland 3%), Italy (1. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest 9%), Scotland (1. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. 0%), Vietnam (0. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially 9%), and Greece (0. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία 9%). The most-spoken languages other than English were Italian (3. Australian English ( AuE, AusE, en-AU) is the form of the English language used in Australia. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. 0%), Greek (2. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly 2%), Vietnamese (1. Vietnamese ( tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ) formerly known under French colonization as Annamese ( see Annam) 2%), Mandarin (0. 8%), and Cantonese (0. 7%). [17]
Economy
Adelaide's economy is primarily based around manufacturing, defence technology and research, commodity export and corresponding service industries. Westpac House (formerly Santos House) is the tallest building in the South Australian capital of Adelaide. It has large manufacturing, defence and research zones. Manufacturing (from Latin manu factura, "making by hand" is the use of tools and labor to make things for use or sale Defence Research is defined as Human activity based on Intellectual application in the investigation of Matter. Zoning is a term used in Urban planning for a system of land-use Regulation in various parts of the world including North America the United Kingdom They contain car manufacturing plants for General Motors Holden, and plants that produce electronic systems that are sold worldwide for applications in medical, communications, defence, automotive, food and wine processing and industrial sectors. GM Holden Ltd is an Australian automaker based in Port Melbourne Victoria. The revenue of Adelaide's electronics industry has grown at over 15% per year since 1990. The electronics industry in Adelaide employs over 13,000 people, which is more than the automotive industry. Almost half of all cars produced in Australia are made in Adelaide. [18] The global media conglomerate News Corporation was founded in and until 2004 incorporated in Adelaide and is still considered its 'spiritual' home by Rupert Murdoch. News Corporation (often abbreviated to News Corp) (,,) is one of the world's largest media conglomerate companies by Market capitalisation is gay Bold text' Keith Rupert Murdoch', AC, KCSG (born Melbourne, March 11 1931 usually known as Rupert Murdoch, is an Australian-American Australia's largest oil company, Santos (South Australia Northern Territory Oil Search), prominent South Australian brewery, Coopers, major national retailer Harris Scarfe and Australia's second largest listed investment company Argo Investments Limited call Adelaide their home. Santos Ltd is Australia 's third largest oil and gas exploration company Coopers Brewery is an Australian beer company publicly owned but not listed with a stock exchange Harris Scarfe Department Stores was founded in South Australia in 1850 in Adelaide South Australia Argo Investments Limited is an Australian Listed investment company (LIC with its shares traded on the Australian Stock Exchange The collapse of the State Bank in 1992 resulted in large levels of state debt (as much as A$4 billion). Government debt (also known as public debt or national debt) is Money (or credit) owed by any level of government either Central government The collapse had meant that successive governments had enacted lean budgets, cutting spending, which had been a setback to the further development of the city and state. Public finance is a field of economics concerned with paying for collective or governmental activities and with the administration and design of those activities Economic development is the development of economic wealth of countries or regions for the well-being of their inhabitants The debt has recently been reduced with the State Government once again receiving a AAA+ Credit Rating. [19] The South Australian economy, very closely tied to Adelaide's, still enjoys a trade surplus and has higher per capita growth than Australia as a whole. [20]
Adelaide is home to a large proportion of Australia's defence industries, which contribute over AU$1 billion to South Australia's Gross State Product. Design and construction Much of the technology and computer design expertise came from Kockums of Sweden. Name The submarine is named after Lieutenant-Commander Robert William “Oscar” Rankin who distinguished himself in action in World War II. 70% of Australian defence companies are located in Adelaide. The principal government military research institution, the Defence Science and Technology Organisation, and other defence technology organisations such as Tenix are located in Salisbury near RAAF Base Edinburgh and others such as Saab Systems near Technology Park. The Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO is a branch of the Australian Department of Defence which researches and develops technologies for use in the Tenix Pty Limited is the parent company of the Tenix Group, Australia ’s largest locally-owned Technology contractor RAAF Base Edinburgh is a Royal Australian Air Force base in the northern suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia. Mawson Lakes (post code 5095 ( is a suburb and new residential development in the City of Salisbury, Adelaide, with a census area population of 5246 The Australian Submarine Corporation, based in the industrial suburb of Osborne was charged with constructing Australia's Collins class submarines [14] and recently won a AU$6 billion contract to construct the Royal Australian Navy's new air-warfare destroyers. The ASC, formerly Australian Submarine Corporation, is a wholly government-owned Australian naval defence company headquartered at Osborne in Adelaide Osborne is a north-western Suburb of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia 19 km from the CBD, in the City of Port Adelaide Enfield A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability The Royal Australian Navy ( RAN) is the naval branch of the Australian Defence Force. [21]
There are 466,829 employed people in Adelaide, with 62. 3% full-time and 35. 1% part-time. In recent years there has been a growing trend towards part-time (which includes casual) employment, increasing from only 11. 6% of the workplace in 1991, to over a third today. 15% of workers are employed in manufacturing, 5% in construction, 15% in retail trade, 11% in business services, 7% in education and 12% in health and community services. The median weekly individual income for people aged 15 years and over is $447 per week, compared with $466 nationally. The median family income is $1,137 per week, compared with $1,171 nationally. [17] Adelaide's housing and living costs are substantially lower than that of other Australian cities, with housing being notably cheaper. The median Adelaide house price is half that of Sydney and two-thirds that of Melbourne. The 3 month trend unemployment rate to March 2007 was 6. 2%. [22] The Northern suburbs' unemployment rate is disproportionately higher than the other regions of Adelaide at 8. 3%, while the East and South are lower than the Adelaide average at 4. 9% and 5. 0% respectively. [23]
Education
Education forms an increasingly important part of the city's economy, with the South Australian Government and educational institutions attempting to position Adelaide as "Australia's education hub" and marketing it as a 'Learning City'. [24] The number of international students studying in Adelaide has increased rapidly in recent years to 23,300, of which 2,380 are secondary school students. [24] In addition to the city's existing institutions, foreign institutions have been attracted to set up campuses in order to increase its attractiveness as an education hub. [25]
The tertiary education system in Adelaide is extensive. Tertiary education, also referred to as third stage third level and' post-secondary education', is the educational level following the completion of a school providing There are several institutes of TAFE South Australia throughout the city which provide vocational education and training. TAFE South Australia ( TAFE SA) provides Vocational education and Training in South Australia. Vocational education or Vocational Education and Training (VET also called Career and Technical Education (CTE prepares learners for jobs that are based The term training refers to the acquisition of knowledge skills and competencies as a result of the teaching of vocational or practical skills and knowledge Additionally, there are three public and two private universities, all ranked within the world's top 400 in Times Higher Education. Times Higher Education ( THE) formerly The Times Higher Education Supplement ( THES) is a magazine based [26] The University of Adelaide, with 20,478 students,[27] is Australia's third-oldest and a member of the leading Group of Eight. The University of Adelaide (colloquially Adelaide University or Adelaide Uni) is a Public university located in Adelaide, South Australia The Group of Eight (Go8 is a group of eight Australian tertiary institutions which are the oldest Universities in Australia. It has five campuses throughout the metropolitan area, including two in the city-centre on North Terrace. The University of South Australia, with 30,901 students,[28] also has two North Terrace campuses, of a total four throughout the metropolitan area. The University of South Australia, or UniSA, is a Public university in the Australian state of South Australia. Flinders University, with 16,237 students,[29] is located in Bedford Park alongside the Flinders Medical Centre. Flinders University, or The Flinders University of South Australia, is a Public university in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia Bedford Park is a southern suburb of Adelaide in South Australia. Flinders Medical Centre is a 500 bed public Teaching hospital and Medical school, co-located with Flinders University and Flinders Private Hospital located
Carnegie Mellon became the first foreign university to open in Australia when it established two postgraduate campuses in the city-centre in 2006: the Heinz School Australia in Victoria Square and the Entertainment Technology Centre in Light Square. Carnegie Mellon University (also known as CMU) is a private Research University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United Heinz School Australia is an international campus of the Heinz School of Public Policy and Management of Carnegie Mellon University located in Adelaide, Light Square is one of five squares in the City of Adelaide. Located in the north-western portion of South Adelaide (the central business district the Cranfield University followed suit in 2007 and established a postgraduate campus in Victoria Square alongside the Heinz School. Cranfield University is a British postgraduate University based on two Campuses with a research-oriented focus Another leading institution, the University College London, will establish its first international campus alongside Carnegie Mellon and Cranfield University in 2009, with postgraduate courses commencing in 2010. University College London ( UCL) is a multi-faculty university institution based in the United Kingdom and a constituent college of the University of London Carnegie Mellon University (also known as CMU) is a private Research University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United Cranfield University is a British postgraduate University based on two Campuses with a research-oriented focus [25]
The two hundred year-old Royal Institution of Great Britain is also establishing an Australian counterpart in Adelaide which will formally open in 2009. The Royal Institution of Great Britain is an organization devoted to scientific education and research based in London. [30]
At the level of primary and secondary education, there are two systems of school education. Primary education is the first stage of Compulsory education. Australia See also Education There is a public system operated by the South Australian Government and a private system of independent and Catholic schools. An independent school is a school which is not dependent upon national or local Government for financing its operation and is instead operated by tuition charges gifts and This article is about Catholic schools in general for specific schools named Catholic High School, see Catholic High School (disambiguation. All schools provide education under the South Australian Certificate of Education (SACE) or, to a lesser extent, the International Baccalaureate (IB), with Adelaide having the highest number of IB schools in Australia. The South Australian Certificate of Education (SACE is the diploma given to students who have completed Years 11 and 12 of their Secondary schooling in the state of The International Baccalaureate (IB Diploma Programme (DP is an Educational programme examined in one of three languages ( English, French or Spanish One notable secondary school is St Peter's College, which has educated more Nobel laureates than any other school in Australia, and is tied for third internationally behind New York City's Bronx High School of Science and Stuyvesant High School. St Peter's College, (officially The Collegiate School of St Peter, but commonly known as SPSC, St Peter's or Saints) is an independent This is a list of Nobel Prize Laureates awarded for their outstanding contributions to Humanitarian causes for Peace, work in Literature The City of New York The Bronx High School of Science (commonly called Bronx Science, Bronx Sci, or just Science, and officially known as H Stuyvesant High School ( IPA: /ˈstаɪvɛsənt/ commonly referred to as Stuy ( IPA: /ˈstаɪ/ is a New York City Public high school
Culture
While established as British province, Adelaide attracted immigrants from many non-English speaking countries early-on, including German and other European non-conformists escaping religious persecution. The Adelaide Convention Centre is a large Convention centre on North Terrace, Adelaide. The River Torrens is the most significant river of the Adelaide Plains and was one of the reasons for the siting of the city of Adelaide, capital of South Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as The first German Lutherans arrived in 1838 bringing with them the vine cuttings that they used to found the acclaimed wineries of the Barossa Valley. A vine is any plant of Genus Vitis (the Grape plants or by extension any similar climbing or trailing plant The Barossa Valley is a major wine-producing region and tourist destination of South Australia, located 60 km northeast of Adelaide. After the Second World War, Italians, Greeks, Dutch, Poles and many other European nationalities came to make a new start. The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions The Dutch people ( Dutch:) are the dominant Ethnic group of the Netherlands. The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. An influx of Asian immigrants following the Vietnam War, and more recently many African refugees, have added to Adelaide's multicultural mix. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia These new arrivals have blended with dominant Anglo-Saxon culture to form a rich and diverse cuisine and vibrant restaurant culture.
Arts and entertainment
Adelaide's arts scene flourished in the 1970s under the leadership of premier Don Dunstan, removing some of the more puritanical restrictions on cultural activities then prevalent around Australia. The arts is a broad subdivision of Culture, composed of many expressive disciplines. It was at this time that the renowned Adelaide Festival of Arts and Fringe Festival were established, and over time they have spawned sister events including the Adelaide Cabaret Festival, Adelaide Film Festival, Adelaide Festival of Ideas, Adelaide Writers' Week and WOMADelaide held predominately in the autumnal month of March. The Adelaide Festival of Arts is an Arts festival held biennially in the South Australian capital of Adelaide. The Adelaide Fringe Festival is an Arts festival held annually in the South Australian capital of Adelaide. The Adelaide Cabaret Festival is an annual Cabaret festival held in the South Australian capital of Adelaide. The Adelaide Film Festival is a biennial and non-competitive film festival held (on alternating years to the Adelaide Festival of Arts) over two weeks in late February in The Adelaide Festival of Ideas has been held every two years since 1999 Considered one of the world's pre-eminent literary events Adelaide Writers' Week is a traditional part of the Adelaide Festival of Arts fortnight where festival attendees meet Other festivals include FEAST, one of Australia's three main queer culture celebrations; Tasting Australia, a biennual food and wine affair; and the Royal Adelaide Show, an annual agricultural and state fair. Feast Festival is a LGBT Festival held annually in the South Australian capital of Adelaide. LGBT culture, or queer culture, is the common culture shared by Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, Transgender, and Queer people Tasting Australia is a biannual Australian wine and food festival held in the South Australian capital of Adelaide in October The Royal Adelaide Show is an annual Agricultural show / Fair held in Adelaide, South Australia that begins on the first Friday in September or An agricultural show is a public event showcasing the equipment animals sports and recreation associated with Agriculture and Animal husbandry. A state fair is a competitive and recreational gathering of a U Reflecting the city's multiculturalism, there are many ethnic fairs including the German Schützenfest and Greek Glendi. A Schützenfest (German "marksmen's festival" is an annual traditional festival celebrated in the Northwest regions of Germany as well as in Bavaria. Glendi is an annual weekend long festival that celebrates Greek culture in Australia Adelaide is also home to the Adelaide Christmas Pageant, the world's largest Christmas parade. The Adelaide Christmas Pageant is a parade held annually in the South Australian capital of Adelaide. Santa Claus parades or Christmas pageants are Parades held in some countries to celebrate the official opening of the Christmas season with the arrival of
As the state capital, Adelaide is also home to a great number of cultural institutions with many located of the boulevard of North Terrace. North Terrace is one of the four terraces that bound the Central business district of the city of Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. The Art Gallery of South Australia, with around 35,000 works, holds Australia's second largest state-based collection. The Art Gallery of South Australia (AGSA located on the cultural Boulevard of North Terrace in Adelaide, is the premier arts institution in the Australian Situated adjacent are the South Australian Museum and State Library of South Australia, while the Adelaide Botanic Garden, National Wine Centre and Tandanya National Aboriginal Cultural Institute are located nearby in the East End. The South Australian Museum is a Museum in Adelaide, South Australia, founded in 1856. The State Library of South Australia, located on North Terrace Adelaide, is the official library of the Australian state of South Australia. The Adelaide Botanic Garden is a public garden at the north-east corner of the Adelaide, in the Adelaide Park Lands. The National Wine Centre of Australia (commonly the " Wine Centre " is a public exhibition about winemaking and its industry in South Australia. The Tandanya National Aboriginal Cultural Institute, usually referred to simply as Tandanya, is an Art museum located on Grenfell Street in Adelaide The East End is a small part of the Adelaide central business district close to East Terrace and North Terrace. The Adelaide Festival Centre, on the banks of the Torrens, is the focal point for most cultural activity in the city, with other venues including Adelaide Entertainment Centre and the city's many smaller theatres, pubs and cabaret bars. The Adelaide Festival Centre is Adelaide 's first multi-purpose art centre The Adelaide Entertainment Centre (AEC is an Indoor arena located in the South Australian capital of Adelaide used for sporting and entertainment
The music of Adelaide has produced various musical groups and individuals who have achieved both national and worldwide fame. Adelaide is a city in South Australia. Its musical heritage includes the well-known Adelaide Festival of Arts, Barossa Music Festival and the This includes notably the Adelaide Symphony Orchestra, the Adelaide Youth Orchestra, rock bands The Angels, Cold Chisel, The Superjesus, Wolf & Cub, roots/blues group The Audreys, and popular hip-hop outfit Hilltop Hoods. The Adelaide Symphony Orchestra (also known as the ASO) was founded as a 17 player radio ensemble in 1936 in Adelaide, South Australia. The Adelaide Youth Orchestra is an 80 member Symphony orchestra designed to showcase the best young instrumentalists in Adelaide, South Australia. The Angels are a Hard rock band that formed in Adelaide, Australia in 1970 This article is about the Australian rock band For the cutting tool see The "cold chisel" section of the article "Chisel". The Superjesus were a Rock band from Adelaide, Australia. Their notable Australian hits include "Down Again" and "Gravity" The Hilltop Hoods are an Australian hip hop group originating from Adelaide, South Australia. Famous rocker, Jimmy Barnes, spent most of his youth in the northern suburb of Elizabeth, while the first Australian Idol winner, Guy Sebastian, hails from Golden Grove. Jimmy Barnes is a popular Australian rock singer He was born James Dixon Swan on April 28, 1956 in Glasgow, Scotland Elizabeth is a suburb in the northern extent of Adelaide, South Australia. Rules Auditions Auditions are held in major cities around Australia to find each season's contestants Guy Theodore Sebastian (born October 26, 1981) is an Australian, Singer-songwriter and winner of the first Australian Idol American artist Ben Folds also bases himself in Adelaide. Benjamin Scott Folds (born September 12, 1966) is an American Singer-songwriter and the former frontman of the Band Ben Folds Five In addition to its own WOMADelaide, Adelaide attracts several touring music festivals including the Big Day Out and Laneway. The Big Day Out ( BDO) is an annual Music festival that tours Australia and New Zealand which originated in Sydney in 1992 Known simply as the Laneway Festival, this unique Australian music festival began in Caledonian Lane in Melbourne in 2004.
Media
Newspapers in Adelaide are dominated by News Corporation publications — Adelaide being the birthplace of News Corporation itself. News Corporation (often abbreviated to News Corp) (,,) is one of the world's largest media conglomerate companies by Market capitalisation The only South Australian daily newspaper is The Advertiser, published by News Corporation six days a week, while the Sunday paper is the Sunday Mail. The Advertiser is a daily tabloid Newspaper published in the city of Adelaide, South Australia. The Advertiser is a daily tabloid Newspaper published in the city of Adelaide, South Australia. There are eleven suburban community newspapers published weekly, known collectively as the Messenger Newspapers, also published by a subsidiary of News Corporation. Messenger Newspapers is the publisher of 11 free Suburban Weekly newspapers together covering the Adelaide metropolitan area A recent addition to the print medium in the city is The Independent Weekly, providing one alternative view. The Independent Weekly, established in September 2004 is an independent newspaper published and circulated in Adelaide, capital of South Australia Two national daily newspapers are circulated in the city: The Australian and its weekend publication, The Weekend Australian, also published by News Corporation; and The Australian Financial Review published by Fairfax. The Australian, also referred to as The Oz, is a Broadsheet Newspaper published in Australia Monday through Saturday each The Australian Financial Review is the leading Business Newspaper in Australia which is published daily from Monday to Saturday in a Tabloid Fairfax Media Limited, is one of Australia's largest diversified media companies Interstate dailys, The Age and The Sydney Herald, published by Fairfax, are also typically available. The Age is a Broadsheet daily Newspaper, which has been published in Melbourne, Australia since 1854 The Adelaide Review is a free paper published fortnightly, and other independent magazine-style papers are published, but are not as widely available.
All of the five Australian national television networks broadcast both analogue PAL and high definition digital services in Adelaide. Analog (or analogue) television encodes Television picture and sound information and transmits it as an Analog signal: one in which the PAL, short for Phase Alternating Line, is a colour -encoding system used in Broadcast television systems in large parts of the world High-definition television (HDTV is a Digital television Broadcasting system with higher resolution than traditional television systems (standard-definition They share three transmission towers on the ridge near the summit of Mount Lofty. The two government-funded stations are ABC TV and SBS TV. ABC Television is a service of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation launched in 1956 SBS TV, sometimes SBS, is a national public television channel in Australia. The Seven Network and Network Ten both own their Adelaide stations (SAS-7 and ADS-10 respectively). The Seven Network is an Australian television network, owned by the Seven Media Group. Network Ten, or Channel Ten, is one of Australia 's three major commercial television networks. SAS is a Television station in Adelaide, South Australia. It is part of the Australian Seven Network. Adelaide's NWS-9 is affiliated with the Nine Network and was owned by Southern Cross Broadcasting until the sale to WIN Corporation in May 2007. NWS is an Australian television station owned by the WIN Corporation that is based in Adelaide, Australia The Nine Network, or Channel Nine, is an Australian television network based in Willoughby, a suburb on the North Shore of Sydney Southern Cross Broadcasting (Australia Limited ( was a diversified Australian media company, that owned and operated a variety of media businesses WIN Corporation is an Australian based media corporation that owns the WIN Television network NWS, and STW in Australia Adelaide also has a community television station, C31 Adelaide. Australia's Community Television is a form of Citizen media much like Public Access Television in the United States and the Community Channel in Canada C31 Adelaide is a community television station broadcasting in Adelaide, South Australia on the Channel 31 frequency since April 23 The Foxtel pay TV service is available as cable television in a few areas, and as satellite television to the entire metropolitan area. Foxtel is an Australian Pay television company formed through a joint venture between Telstra, News Corporation and Consolidated Media Satellite television is Television delivered by the means of Communications satellites as compared to conventional Terrestrial television and Cable It is resold by a number of other brands, mostly telephone companies.
There are twenty radio stations that serve the entire metropolitan area as well as four community stations that serve only parts of the metropolitan area. Of the twenty full coverage stations there are six commercial stations, six community stations, six national stations and two narrowcast stations.
Sport
The main sports played professionally in Adelaide are Australian rules football, soccer and cricket. Australian (rules football, or simply known as football, footy or Aussie rules, is a Team sport played between two teams of 18 players Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries Adelaide is the home of two Australian Football League teams: the Adelaide Crows and Port Adelaide Power. The Australian Football League (AFL is both the professional Australian national competition in the Sport of Australian Rules Football and its highest This page is for the Australian Rules Football Club in Adelaide Port Adelaide Football Club, often referred to as simply Port or the Power is an Australian rules football club based in Adelaide, South Australia A local Australian rules football league, the SANFL, is made up of nine teams from around Adelaide. Australian (rules football, or simply known as football, footy or Aussie rules, is a Team sport played between two teams of 18 players Clubs Several clubs share their nicknames with AFL/VFL clubs This is purely coincidental the teams are not named after each other
Adelaide's professional soccer team,Adelaide United, play in the A-League. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Adelaide United Football Club is a Football (soccer team in the Australian A-League based in Adelaide, South Australia. The A-League is the premier Australasian domestic Association football competition Founded in 2003, their home ground is Hindmarsh Stadium, which has a capacity of 16,500 and is one of the few purpose-built soccer stadia in Australia. Hindmarsh Stadium is a football (soccer and rugby league football Stadium located in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
The Adelaide 36ers and the Adelaide Lightning play in national basketball competitions, with home games at the Distinctive Homes Dome. Club history The Adelaide 36ers were formerly known as the Adelaide City Eagles when they joined the NBL in 1982, and the club changed its name to the Adelaide The Adelaide Lightning are an Australian Women's Basketball League ( WNBL) team based in Adelaide, Australia. Distinctive Homes Dome (formerly the Clipsal Powerhouse) is an indoor sporting arena located in Adelaide, Australia. The Adelaide Thunderbirds play in the trans-Tasman netball competition, with home games at ETSA Park. The Adelaide Thunderbirds are an Australian Netball team They currently play in the trans-tasman ANZ Championship, and used to play in the national ETSA Park is a sporting venue located in Adelaide, South Australia, opposite Santos Stadium, Adelaide's premier athletics stadium Most large sporting events take place at either AAMI Stadium or the historic Adelaide Oval, home of the Southern Redbacks cricket team. The Adelaide Oval is a sports ground in Adelaide, South Australia. The Southern Redbacks are an Australian first class cricket team based in Adelaide, South Australia. Adelaide hosts an international cricket test every summer, along with a number of One Day International cricket matches. Note Most of the information here pertains to men's cricket ODI matches are also played in Women's cricket. Memorial Drive Park hosts the Adelaide International, a major men's tennis tournament in the lead-up to the Australian Open. Memorial Drive Park is a Tennis venue located in Adelaide South Australia. The Australian Open is one of the four Grand Slam Tennis Tournaments held each year
Adelaide hosts the Tour Down Under bicycle race, the largest cycling event outside Europe and the only with UCI ProTour status. The Tour Down Under is a Cycling race held in Adelaide, South Australia, and the surrounding area The UCI ProTour is a competition under the International Cycling Union ( UCI)
The Australian Grand Prix for Formula 1 racing was hosted by Adelaide from 1985 to 1995 on a street circuit in the city's eastern parklands. The Australian Grand Prix is a Formula One race that is part of the annual Formula One championship season The Adelaide Street Circuit ( is a temporary Race track in the East Parklands adjacent to the Central business district of the city of Adelaide [12] The Grand Prix became a source of pride and losing the event to Melbourne in a surprise announcement left a void that has since been filled with the highly successful Clipsal 500 for V8 Supercar racing, held on a modified version of the same street circuit. The Clipsal 500 is an annual racing carnival for Touring Cars held in the east end of Adelaide on a shortened form of the Adelaide Street Circuit, V8 Supercars is a Touring car racing category operated under the regulations of the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA The Classic Adelaide, a rally of classic sporting vehicles, is also held in the city and its surrounds. Classic Adelaide is an international tarmac rally for classic sporting vehicles held in Adelaide, South Australia. Rallying is a form of motor competition that takes place on public or private roads with modified production or specially built road-legal cars
Infrastructure
Health
Adelaide's first hospital is the Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH), founded in 1840, it is one of the major hospitals in Adelaide and is a teaching hospital of the University of Adelaide. The Royal Adelaide Hospital is Adelaide 's largest hospital with over 700 beds A teaching hospital is a Hospital that in addition to delivering medical care to patients also provides Clinical education and training to future and current doctors It has a capacity of 705 beds. Two other RAH campuses specialising in specific patient services located in the suburbs of Adelaide - the Hampstead Rehabilitation Centre in Northfield, and the Glenside Campus Mental Health Service. Northfield ( postcode 5085 altitude 72 m is a suburb of the greater Adelaide South Australia area Glenside is a Suburb in the City of Burnside, Adelaide, South Australia, around 2 Kilometres south-east of the Central business The other three largest hospitals in the Adelaide area are The Women's and Children's Hospital (305 beds), which is located on King William Road in North Adelaide; the Queen Elizabeth Hospital (340 beds), located in Woodville and the Flinders Medical Centre (500 beds), which is located in Bedford Park. The Queen Elizabeth Hospital (TQEH is a 340 bed acute Tertiary referral hospital in the western suburbs of Adelaide, South Australia. These hospitals are also associated with medical schools - the Women and Children's and Queen Elizabeth with the University of Adelaide and the Flinders Medical Centre with Flinders University.
In June 2007 The State Government announced a series of overhauls to the health sector that would see a new hospital constructed to replace the Royal Adelaide Hospital on the old railyards west of the Adelaide Railway Station. Adelaide Railway Station is the central terminus of the Adelaide Metro railway system The new 800 bed hospital will cost AU$1. 7bn, and be controversially renamed the Marjorie Jackson-Nelson Hospital, after the former Governor of South Australia. Marjorie Jackson-Nelson, AC, CVO, MBE (born 13 September 1931 is the former Governor of South Australia and a former Australian athlete [31]
In addition to these changes, major upgrades would see the Flinders Medical Centre become the primary centre for health care in the southern suburbs while upgrades for the Lyell McEwin Health Service in Elizabeth would see that become the centre for the north. The Lyell McEwin Health Service is public Teaching hospital, located in Elizabeth Vale a northern suburb of Adelaide in South Australia. While the trio of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Modbury Hospital and Noarlunga Hospital would become specialist elective surgery centres. The Repatriation General Hospital would also expand its range of specialty areas beyond veterans' health to incorporate stroke, orthopaedic rehabilitation and aged care. [32]
Transport
Being centrally located on the Australian mainland, Adelaide forms a strategic transport hub for east-west and north-south routes. The city itself has a limited public transport system, which is managed by and known as the Adelaide Metro. Adelaide Metro is the Public transport system of the South Australian capital of Adelaide and the Brand name of the Public Transport Division The Adelaide Metro consists of a contracted bus system including the O-Bahn Busway, metropolitan railways, and the Adelaide-Glenelg Tram, which has also now been extended as a metropolitan tram through the city centre. The O-Bahn Busway (also known as the Northeast Busway in the South Australian capital city of Adelaide is the world's longest and fastest Guided busway The rail network in Adelaide, South Australia, consists of five lines and 81 stations, totalling 125 The Glenelg Tram is a route from the centre of Adelaide, South Australia to the beach-side suburb of Glenelg. Road transport in Adelaide has historically been comparatively easier than many of the other Australian cities, with a well-defined city layout and wide multiple-lane roads from the beginning of its development. Historically, Adelaide was known as a "twenty-minute city", with commuters having being able to travel from metropolitan outskirts to the city proper in roughly twenty minutes. However, these roads are now often considered inadequate to cope with Adelaide's growing road traffic. [33]
Adelaide has one freeway, the South Eastern Freeway, connecting the city with the Adelaide Hills and beyond to Murray Bridge and two expressways; the Port River Expressway connecting Port Adelaide and Outer Harbor to interstate routes and the Southern Expressway, an interchangeable one-way road connecting the southern suburbs with the city proper. Murray Bridge (post code 5253 is the fourth most populous City in South Australia after Adelaide, Mount Gambier and Whyalla. The Port River Expressway is a 55 Kilometer Freeway grade road which links Port Adelaide and the LeFevre Peninsula to the northern suburbs of Outer Harbor is a north-western Suburb of Adelaide 22km from the CBD, in the state of South Australia, and falls under the City of The Southern Expressway is the world's longest reversible one way freeway. A reversible lane (called a counterflow lane or contraflow lane in Transport engineering nomenclature) is a Lane in which Traffic The Gawler Bypass skirting Gawler is another expressway style, high speed inter-urban corridor. Gawler is reputedly the first country town in the state of South Australia, and is named after the second Governor (British Vice-Regal representative of the colony A third expressway, the Northern Expressway (formerly the Sturt Highway extension), a northern suburbs bypass route, connecting the Gawler Bypass to Port Wakefield Road, is due to start construction in 2008. For the portion of US Interstate 93 north of Boston also known as Northern Expressway see Interstate 93 (Massachusetts. The Sturt Highway is an Australian Highway in New South Wales, Victoria, and South Australia. There are also plans for major upgrades to busy sections of South Road, Adelaide, including road widening and underpasses of Anzac Highway, Grange Road, Port Road and the Outer Harbour Railway Line, during the first stage. South Road (route A13 B23 is a major north-south conduit in Adelaide, South Australia. The Anzac Highway is an 11 kilometre main arterial road heading southwest from the centre of Adelaide, the capital of South Australia. [34]
Adelaide International Airport, located in Adelaide's west, is Australia's newest and most advanced airport terminal and is designed to serve in excess of 6. Adelaide Airport is the principal airport in the South Australian capital of Adelaide, operated by Adelaide Airport Limited. 3 million passengers annually. The new dual international/domestic terminal replaces the old and ageing terminals known locally as the 'tin sheds', and incorporates new state-of-the-art features, such as glass aerobridges and the ability to cater for the new Airbus A380. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [35] The airport is designed to handle 27 aircraft simultaneously and is capable of processing 3,000 passengers per hour. Unusually for a major city, it is located only about seven kilometres from the CBD. Parafield Airport is Adelaide's second airport, mostly used for general aviation. Parafield Airport is on the edge of the residential suburb of Parafield, South Australia, 18 kilometres north of the Adelaide Central business It is located eighteen kilometres north of the CBD.
Utilities
Adelaide's energy requirements are met by a variety of companies who separately provide for the generation, transmission, distribution and retail sales of gas and electricity. Some of the major companies are: TRUenergy, which generates electricity; ElectraNet, which transmits electricity from the generators to the distribution network; ETSA Utilities (formerly a government-owned company which was privatised by the Olsen Government in the 1990s), which distributes electricity from transmission companies to end users; and AGL Energy, which retails gas and electricity. TRUenergy is an energy company headquartered in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. John Wayne Olsen, AO was Premier of South Australia between 28 November 1996 and 22 October 2001. AGL Energy ( is the largest Australian gas and electricity retailer with over six million customers [36] Substantial investment has been made in maintenance and reinforcement of the electricity supply network to provide continued reliability of supply.
Adelaide derives most of its electricity from a gas-fired plant operated by AGL Energy at Torrens Island, with more coming from power stations at Port Augusta and Pelican Point, and from connections to the national grid. Torrens Island Power Station is located on Torrens Island, near Adelaide, South Australia and is operated by AGL Energy. Port Augusta (post code 5700 ( is the fifth most populous City in South Australia after Adelaide, Mount Gambier, Whyalla and Gas is mainly supplied from the Moomba Gas Processing Plant in the Cooper Basin, and is piped to Adelaide and other areas within the state. Moomba is a Santos -owned gas exploration and processing town (perhaps better described as a Company town) located in the Cooper and [37] A small part of supply also comes from wind turbines at Sellicks Hill, and a trial of more turbines on city buildings is underway. [38]
Adelaide's water supply is gained from its reservoirs: Mount Bold, Happy Valley, Myponga, Millbrook, Hope Valley, Little Para and South Para Reservoir. The Myponga Reservoir is a Reservoir in South Australia, located about 60km south of Adelaide near the town of Myponga. South Para Reservoir is the second largest Reservoir in South Australia, behind Mount Bold Reservoir, and the principal reservoir of the South Para Further water demands result in the pumping of water from the River Murray. The provision of water services is by the government-owned SA Water. SA Water was established as the Waterworks and Drainage Commission in 1856 and was also known as Engineering and Water Supply Department (E&WS.
See also
- Category:Radio stations in Adelaide
- Category:Television stations in Adelaide
- List of people from Adelaide
- List of Adelaide railway stations
- List of Adelaide suburbs
- List of sports clubs in Adelaide
- List of Adelaide parks and gardens
- South Australian wine
References
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics. CategoryPeople from Adelaide People from Adelaide are known as Adelaideans, and many have achieved renown This is a list of the 81 Suburban railway stations in Adelaide, South Australia. This is a list of Suburbs in and surrounding the city of Adelaide, South Australia, and Postcode sorted by local government area. The following is a list of sports clubs in Adelaide, the capital of South Australia: Australian rules football Australian Football This is a list of Adelaide parks and gardens. Adelaide Adelaide Botanic Garden - North Terrace Bonython Park - Port Road The South Australian wine industry is responsible for more than half the production of all Australian wine. The Australian Bureau of Statistics ( ABS) is Australia 's national statistical agency. "Geographic distribution of the population", 7 February 2008. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-03-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor.
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (17 March 2008). The Australian Bureau of Statistics ( ABS) is Australia 's national statistical agency. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Explore Your City Through the 2006 Census Social Atlas Series. Retrieved on 2008-05-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and
- ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006). Regional Population Growth (PDF). Retrieved on 2006-05-10. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England.
- ^ Adelaide Council Naming Practices, courtesy Catholic University [1]
- ^ South Australian Place Names. courtesy Government of South Australia [2]
- ^ Johnson and Langmead, The Adelaide city plan : fiction and fact, Wakefield Press, 1986 [3]
- ^ Wakefield cites Edward Curr , An Account of the Colony of Van Diemen’s Land, principally designed for the use of emigrants, George Cowie & Co. , London, 1824; Henry Widdowson, Present State of Van Diemen’s Land; comprising an account of its agricultural capabilities, with observations on the present state of farming, &c. &c. pursued in that colony: and other important matters connected with Emigration, S. Robinson, W. Joy and J. Cross, London, and J. Birdsall, Northampton, 1829; and James Atkinson, An Account of the State of Agriculture & Grazing in New South Wales; Including Observations on the Soils and General Appearance of the Country, and some of its most useful natural productions; with an account of the Various Methods of Clearing and Improving Lands, Breeding and Grazing Live Stock, Erecting Buildings, the System of employing Convicts, and the expense of Labour generally; the Mode of Applying for Grants of Land; with Other Information Important to those who are about to emigrate to that Country: The result of several years’ residence iand practical experience in those matters in the Colony. , J. Cross, London, 1826
- ^ Wakefield, Letter from Sydney, December 1829, pp 99-185, written from Newgate prison. Editor Robert Gouger.
- ^ Wakefield wrote about this under a pseudonym, purporting to be an Australian settler. His subterfuge was so successful that he confused later writers including Karl Marx, who wrote 'It is the great merit of E. G. Wakefield to have discovered not anything new about the Colonies, but to have discovered in the Colonies the truth of as to the condition of capitalist production in the mother-country. ' Das Kapital, Moscow, 1958, p 766"
- ^ Plan of a Company to be Established for the Purpose of Founding a Colony in Southern Australia, Purchasing Land Therein, and Preparing the Land so Purchased for the Reception of Immigrants, 1832; in WAKEFIELD, Edward Gibbon, PRICHARD, M. F. , (ed. ) The Collected Works of Edward Gibbon Wakefield, Collins, London, 1968, p 290.
- ^ Blair, Robert D. (2001). Events in South Australian History 1834-1857 (HTML). Pioneer Association of South Australia. Retrieved on 2006-05-10. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England.
- ^ a b Adelaide Street Circuit. Formula 1 Database. Retrieved on 2007-06-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for
- ^ "All-round country", The Australian, 2004-09-29, pp. The Australian, also referred to as The Oz, is a Broadsheet Newspaper published in Australia Monday through Saturday each "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. p14.
- ^ Adelaide's Inner and Outer Ring Routes, courtesy South Australian Department of Transport [4]
- ^ Adelaide's Freeways - A History from MATS to the Port River Expressway. Ozroads.
- ^ Capital City Committee [5]
- ^ a b Australian Bureau of Statistics (25 October 2007). The Australian Bureau of Statistics ( ABS) is Australia 's national statistical agency. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Adelaide (Statistical Division). 2006 Census QuickStats. Retrieved on 2008-02-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule
- ^ South Australia Fact Sheet: Automotive, courtesy Business South Australia [6] (. pdf)
- ^ South Australia's Credit Rating the Highest, courtesy Business South Australia [7]
- ^ South Australia's Economic Performance Update, courtesy Business South Australia [8] (. pdf)
- ^ South Australia: The Defence Industry Choice, courtesy Defence SA [9]
- ^ Adelaide, courtesy Labour Market Information Portal [10]
- ^ SA Regional Labour Force Data, courtesy Australian Bureau of Statistics Labour Force Survey [11]
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- ^ a b Hodges, Lucy. "Brave new territory: University College London to open a branch in Australia", The Independent, 2008-05-29. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the
- ^ THES – QS World University Rankings. Quacquarelli Symonds. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held
- ^ Facts & Figures. University of Adelaide. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held
- ^ Key Statistics. University of South Australia. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held
- ^ Our facts and figures. University of South Australia. Retrieved on 2008-05-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held
- ^ Edwards, Verity. "Ri Australia plugs into world science", The Weekend Australian, 2008-05-03. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João
- ^ Owen, Michael (2007-06-07), “800 beds, helipad and train station: Our 'Marj' hospital”, The Advertiser: p5
- ^ 'News: New $1. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins The Advertiser is a daily tabloid Newspaper published in the city of Adelaide, South Australia. 7 billion hospital spearheads health reform' [12]
- ^ Metro Malcontent - The Twenty Minute City No More. Royal Automobile Association, South Australia (2005). (1. 18MB PDF)
- ^ South Road Upgrade [13]
- ^ Innes, Stuart (2005-01-10), “Super airliner cleared to land at our new airport”, The Advertiser
- ^ Industry structure. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. The Advertiser is a daily tabloid Newspaper published in the city of Adelaide, South Australia. Department for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure. Retrieved on 2006-05-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
- ^ Supply Security. Department for Transport, Energy and Infrastructure. Retrieved on 2006-05-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John
- ^ Mini Wind Turbines whirl into city buildings. Premier of South Australia. Retrieved on 2006-08-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.
Further reading
- Kathryn Gargett; Susan Marsden, Adelaide: A Brief History Adelaide: State History Centre, History Trust of South Australia in association with Adelaide City Council, 1996 ISBN 0-7308-0116-0
- Derek Whitelock et al, Adelaide: a sense of difference Melbourne: Arcadia, 2000 ISBN 0-87560-657-1
External links
- Adelaide is at coordinates Coordinates:
- City of Adelaide
- Adelaide City Council
- Adelaide travel guide from Wikitravel
- SA Central
Dictionary
Adelaide
-proper noun
- A female given name
- State capital of South Australia, named in honor of Queen Adelaide, wife of King William IV.
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