- See also: Adam and Eve
Adam (Standard Hebrew: אָדָם, masculine proper noun;[1][2][3] Arabic: آدم) was the first man created by God, according to Book of Genesis, and noted in subsequent Jewish, Christian and Islamic commentary. Adam (אָדָם ʼĀḏām, "dust man mankind" آدم; Ge'ez: አዳ and Eve (חַוָּה Ḥawwā, "living Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Various Creation myths have a first human, a Legendary first Human being. [4] He is considered a prophet by the Islamic, Mormon, Mandaean and Bahá'í faiths. In Religion, a prophet (or prophetess) is a person who has encountered the Supernatural or the divine and serves as an intermediary For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. TalkMormon#Latter Day Saint vs Latter-day Saint --> Mormon Mandaeism or Mandaeanism ( Mandaic: Mandaiuta, مندائية Mandā'iyya) is a Monotheistic Religion with a strongly The Bahá'í Faith is a Religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in nineteenth-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind
Adam's wife was Eve.
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Hebrew Bible
The story is told in the book of Genesis, contained in the Torah and Bible, chapters 2 and 3, with some additional elements in chapters 4 and 5. term " Torah " ( Hebrew: תּוֹרָה "teaching" or "instruction" sometimes translated as "Law" most commonly refers to Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin
Account of creation
Two accounts of the story of creation are told in the book of Genesis. [4]
God created all living creatures human beings on the sixth day of Creation. "Male and female created he them; and blessed them, and called their name Adam. . . " (Genesis 5:2). "Adam" is a general term, like "Man" and could refer to the whole of humankind. God blessed them to be "fruitful and multiply" and ordained that they should have "dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth" (Gen. 1. 26-27, KJV). [4]
God first formed Adam out of "the dust of the ground" and then "breathed into his nostrils the breath of life", causing him to "become a living soul" (Gen. 2. 7, KJV). God then placed Adam in the Garden of Eden, giving him the commandment that "Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat: But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die" (Gen. Not to be confused with Eden Gardens.The Garden of Eden ( Hebrew "pleasure" גַּן עֵדֶן Arabic: جنات عدن, In the Book of Genesis, the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil (and occasionally translated as the Tree of Conscience,) was a Tree in the middle of the 2. 16-17, KJV).
God then noted that "It is not good that the man should be alone" (Gen. 2. 18, KJV). He then brought every "beast of the field and every fowl of the air" (Gen. 2. 19, KJV) before Adam and had Adam name all the animals. However, among all the animals, there was not found "a helper suitable for" Adam (Gen. 2. 20, NASB), so God caused "a deep sleep to fall upon Adam" and took one of his ribs, and from that rib, formed a woman (Gen. 2. 21-22), subsequently named Eve. In Genesis, Eve is the first woman the wife of Adam. God created her from Adam's rib as his helpmate [4] There is no mention of Adam waking up from his sleep.
Adam and Eve were subsequently expelled from the Garden of Eden, were ceremonially separated from God, and lost their immortality after they broke God's law about not eating of the fruit of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. Adam (אָדָם ʼĀḏām, "dust man mankind" آدم; Ge'ez: አዳ and Eve (חַוָּה Ḥawwā, "living This occurred after the serpent (understood to be Satan in many Christian traditions) told Eve that eating of the tree would result not in death, but in Adam and Eve's eyes being opened, resulting in them being "as gods, knowing good and evil" (Gen. Serpent is a word of Latin origin (from serpens serpentis "something that creeps snake" that is commonly used in a specifically mythic or Satan, ( Standard Hebrew Satan'el, English accuser) is a term that originates from the Abrahamic faiths, being traditionally 3. 4-5). Convinced by the serpent's argument, Eve eats of the tree and has Adam do likewise (Gen. 3. 6).
As a result, both immediately become aware of the fact that they are naked, and thus cover themselves with garments made of fig leaves (Gen. Ficus is a Genus of about 850 Species of woody Trees Shrubs Vines Epiphytes and hemi-epiphytes in the family In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. 3. 7). Then, finding God walking in the Garden of Eden, Adam and Eve hide themselves from God's presence (Gen. 3. 8). God calls to Adam "Where art thou?" (Gen. 3. 9, KJV) and Adam responds "I heard thy voice in the garden, and I was afraid, because I was naked; and I hid myself" (Gen. 3. 10, KJV). When God then asks Adam if he had eaten of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, Adam responds that his wife had told him to (Gen. 3. 11-12). Herein is the second sin that Adam committed, the first being that he ate from the forbidden tree.
As a result of their breaking God's law, the couple is removed from the garden (Gen. 3. 23) (the Fall of Man) and both receive a curse. The Fall of Man, or simply the Fall, in Christian doctrine refers to the transition of the first humans from a state of innocent obedience to God, Adam's curse is contained in Gen. 3. 17-19: "Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life; Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field: In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return" (KJV). Spines are leaves that have been modified into cylindrical hard structures with sharp ends This article is about the plant for other uses see Thistle (disambiguation. A(n herb (ˈhɝb or /ˈɝb/ see pronunciation differences) is a plant that is valued for qualities such as medicinal properties flavor scent or the like
After they were removed from the garden, Adam was forced to work hard for his food for the first time. He and Eve had many children although only three are named in Genesis: Cain, Abel, and Seth. This article is about the Biblical Seth For the Egyptian god Seth see Set (mythology; for other meanings see Seth (disambiguation. The Book of Jubilees, in addition, names two of his daughters: Azura, who married her brother Seth, and Awan, who married her brother Cain. Jubilee The Book of Jubilees (ספר היובלים sometimes called the Lesser Genesis ( Leptogenesis) is an ancient Jewish religious work considered This article is about the Biblical Seth For the Egyptian god Seth see Set (mythology; for other meanings see Seth (disambiguation.
According to the Genealogies of Genesis, Adam died at the age of 930. The genealogies of Genesis record the descendants of Adam and Eve as given in the first book of the Bible, Genesis. With such numbers, calculations such as those of Archbishop Ussher would suggest that Adam would have died only about 127 years before the birth of Noah, nine generations after Adam. James Ussher (sometimes spelled Usher) (4 January 1581–21 March 1656 was Anglican Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland Noah (or Noe, Noach;; Nūḥ; Arabic: نوح; "Rest") was according to the Bible, the tenth and last of In other words, Adam's lifespan would have overlapped Lamech (the father of Noah) at least fifty years. Lamech (ˈleɪmɛk (לֶמֶך-Lemech is the name of two men in the genealogies of Adam in the book of Genesis. Ussher and a group of theologians and scholars in 1630 did the math and created a study that reported the creation of Adam on October 23, 4004 BC at 9:00 am and lived to 3074 BC. The controversy was not the time line but the fact that Ussher believed that the whole creation process occurred on that day.
According to the book of Joshua, the City of Adam was still a recognizable place at the time that the Israelites crossed the Jordan River on entering Canaan. Joshua, Jehoshuah, or Yehoshua ( 'יְהוֹשֻׁעַ, Tiberian: jə The City of Adam stood "beside Zarethan " ( Joshua 316 on the east bank of the Jordan. See also History of ancient Israel and Judah According to the Bible, the Israelites were the dominant group living in the Land of Israel. This article is about the Jordan River and its valley in western Asia Canaanites redirects here For the 1940s social and political movement in Israel, see Canaanites (movement.
He appears to an extent in both Eastern and Western Christian liturgies. [5]
Adam in rabbinic literature
Islamic view
In Islam, Adam (آدم) is considered the first Prophet of God and the husband of Eve (Arabic: Hawwa) who was created from Adam by the "will of God". Adam in Rabbinic literature. In rabbinic literature While the generic character that the name of Adam has in the older parts of Scripture where it See also Adam (Bible Adam ( Arabic آدم) also spelt Adham or Aadam, is the first Prophet of Islam[http //www Muslims regard as Prophets of Islam ( Arabic: نبي) those non-divine humans chosen by Allah as Prophets Adam (אָדָם ʼĀḏām, "dust man mankind" آدم; Ge'ez: አዳ and Eve (חַוָּה Ḥawwā, "living Satan had lured Adam and Eve into disobeying God by tasting from the forbidden tree (although no reference is necessary as to what he may have tasted). This was the first act of revenge from Satan for being banished from the kingdom of heaven due to mankind. An important point to note here is that the Qur'an does not state or imply that it was Eve who tempted Adam to disobey God. They were both tempted by Satan and therefore equally guilty:
"Then began Satan to whisper suggestions to them, bringing openly before their minds all their shame that was hidden from them (before): he said: "Your Lord only forbade you this tree, lest ye should become angels or such beings as live for ever. And he swore to them both, that he was their sincere adviser. So by deceit he brought about their fall: when they tasted of the tree, their shame became manifest to them, and they began to sew together the leaves of the garden over their bodies. And their Lord called unto them: "Did I not forbid you that tree, and tell you that Satan was an avowed enemy unto you?" [Qur'an 7:20]
The Qu'ran also mentions that Adam was misled by deception and was in fact pardoned by God after much repentance. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran
"Then Adam received (some) words from his Lord, so He turned to him mercifully; surely He is Oft-returning (to mercy), the Merciful. " [Qur'an 2:37]
Islam indicates that because Adam was the first human, as a prophet he was also the first Muslim ("one who submitted to God"), thus teaching that the "word of God" is the oldest such religion that Islam has represented. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion
Bahá'í view
In the Bahá'í view, Adam was the first Manifestation of God in recorded history. The Bahá'í Faith is a Religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in nineteenth-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind The Manifestation of God is a concept in the Bahá'í Faith that refers to what are commonly called Prophets The Manifestations of God are a series of personages [6] He is believed by Bahá'ís to have started the Adamic cycle 6000 years ago, which has culminated with Bahá'u'lláh. Progressive revelation is a core teaching in the Bahá'í Faith that suggests that religious truth is revealed by God progressively and cyclically over time through a series Bahá'u'lláh ( ba-haa-ol-laa "Glory of God" ( November 12, 1817 – May 29, 1892) born Mírzá Ḥusayn-`Alí Nuri [7][8] The Biblical story of Adam and Eve, according to Bahá'í belief, is allegorical and is explained by `Abdu'l-Bahá in Some Answered Questions;[8] in the Bahá'í view, in the biblical story Eve represents Adam's soul and the serpent represents attachment to the material world, and that ever since his fall, the human race has been conscious of good and evil. ‘Abdu’l-Bahá ( ar عبد البهاء &lrm (23 May 1844 - 28 November 1921 born `Abbás Effendí, was the son of Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Some Answered Questions was first published in 1908 It contains questions asked to `Abdu'l-Bahá by Laura Clifford Barney, during several of [9]
Latter Day Saint (LDS) view
Latter Day Saint religion holds that Adam and Michael the archangel are the same individual. Adam and Eve The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church teaches that Adam and Eve were the first man and the first woman to live on the earth and A Latter Michael (מִיכָאֵל Micha'el or Mîkhā'ēl; Μιχαήλ Mikhaíl; Michael or Míchaël; ميخائيل Mikhā'īl) is an Archangels are superior or higher-ranking Angels Archangels are found in a number of religious traditions including Islam, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism Michael the archangel fought against and cast out Satan, "that old serpent", at the conclusion of the war in heaven during pre-mortal existence (see Book of Revelation 12:7-9). Mormon cosmology is the description of the origin evolution and destiny of the Universe according to the doctrine of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints The Book of Revelation, also called Revelation to John, Apocalypse of John ( pronounced, from the Ἀποκάλυψις Ἰωάννου "Michael" was born into this mortal existence as the man "Adam, the father of all, the prince of all, the ancient of days" (see Doctrine and Covenants 27:11 and 107:54). The Doctrine and Covenants (sometimes abbreviated and cited as D&C) is a part of the open scriptural canon of several denominations of the Mormons also consider Adam to be the first among all the prophets on earth. Prophet seer and revelator is an ecclesiastical title used in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints that is currently applied to the members of the First Presidency
Druze religion
In the Druze religion, Adam and Eve are seen as dualistic cosmic forces and are complementary to one another. The Druze ( Arabic: درزي derzī or durzī, plural دروز durūz) are a religious community found primarily in Syria, Lebanon Adam represents the universal mind and Eve, the universal soul. Universal mind is a generic term for the universal Higher consciousness or source of being in some forms of esoteric or New Thought and Spiritual [10]
Etymology
The name Adam is the masculine form of the Hebrew word adamah meaning "ground". Related words are adom, red (or brown) and dam, blood.
Some say that the word is primarily used in the generic sense of "mankind," and not as the name of an individual. [11] In Gen. i. its use is wholly generic. [11] In Gen. ii. and iii. the writer weaves together the generic and the personal senses of the word. [11] In all that pertains to the first man as the passive subject of creative and providential action the reference is exclusively generic. [11] Indeed, it is doubtful whether "Adam" as a proper name is used at all before Gen. iv. 25 and v. 3 . [11] Here the same usage is manifest: for in the two opening verses of chap. v. the word is used generically. [11] It may also be observed that the writer in Gen. ii. , iii. always says "the man" instead of "Adam", even when the personal reference is intended, except after a preposition. [11]
Gen. ii. 7 explains the origin of the name thus: "God formed man of the dust of the ground. "[11] That is to say, the man was called "Adam" because he was formed from the ground (adamah). [11] Compare Gen. iii. 19. [11] This association of ideas is more than an explanation of the word: it is also suggestive of the primitive conception of human life in which men not only came from and returned to the earth, but actually partook of its substance. [11] The same notion declares itself in the Latin homo and humanus, as compared with humus and the Greek χαμαί, in the German gam (in Bräutigam), and the English groom (in "bridegroom"); also in the Greek έπιχθόνιος and similar expressions. [11]
However in the case of Adam the usage of the word as personal name appears to predate the generic usage. The name is attested in the Assyrian King List in the form Adamu showing that it was a genuine name from the early history of the Near East [12]. The generic usage in Genesis meaning "mankind" reflects the view that Adam was the ancestor of all men.
See also
Notes
- ^ Brown Driver Briggs, Hebrew and English Lexicon, ISBN 1-56563-206-0, p. Banu (بنو is Arabic for "the sons of" or "children of" and appears before the name of a tribal progenitor Adam (אָדָם ʼĀḏām, "dust man mankind" آدم; Ge'ez: አዳ and Eve (חַוָּה Ḥawwā, "living In the religious writings of Kabbalah, Adam Kadmon is a phrase meaning "Primordial Man" or "Primal Man" comparable to the Anthropos of Gnosticism The Brown Driver Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (or BDB, ISBN 1-56563-206-0 is a standard reference for Biblical Hebrew. 9.
- ^ Ibid. 1. a man 2. man, mankind.
- ^ Ibid. From same root adm (אדם), adamah — ground or land.
- ^ a b c d "Adam and Eve. " Encyclopædia Britannica.
- ^ Adam in Early Christian Liturgy and Literature - Catholic Encyclopedia article
- ^ Taherzadeh, Adib (1972). The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia Adib Taherzadeh (1921 in Yazd, Iran – January 26, 2000) served as a member of the Universal House of Justice, the supreme governing The Covenant of Bahá'u'lláh. Oxford, UK: George Ronald, pp. 32. ISBN 0-85398-344-5.
- ^ Letter written on behalf of the Universal House of Justice to an individual believer, March 13, 1986. Events 1138 - Cardinal Gregorio Conti is elected Antipope as Victor IV, succeeding Anacletus II. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Published in Effendi, Shoghi; The Universal House of Justice (1983). Shoghí Effendí Rabbání ( March 1, 1897 - November 4, 1957) better known as Shoghi Effendi, was the appointed head of the in Hornby, Helen (Ed. ): Lights of Guidance: A Bahá'í Reference File. Bahá'í Publishing Trust, New Delhi, India, pp. 500. ISBN 81-85091-46-3.
- ^ a b Taherzadeh, Adib (1977). The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh, Volume 2: Adrianople 1863-68. Oxford, UK: George Ronald, pp. 352. ISBN 0-85398-071-3.
- ^ Smith, Peter (2000). "Adam". A concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith. Oxford: Oneworld Publications. p. 23. ISBN 1-85168-184-1.
- ^ The Night of Departure from Eternity. Gnosis of the Book of Life. Druzenet (2005). Retrieved on 2007-11-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran “According to the Ancient Gnostic Wisdom, Adam and Eve stand for The Wholly Mind and The Wholly Soul – the spiritual parents from where Adamic souls derive their identities. ”
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Adam article in the Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ The Book of Genesis Chapters 1-17, Victor P. The Jewish Encyclopedia was an Encyclopedia originally published between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. Hamilton, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1990
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