Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Ada Lovelace

Born December 10, 1815(1815-12-10)
Piccadilly Terrace, London, England
Died November 27, 1852 (aged 36)
6 Great Cumberland Place, Marylebone, London, England

Augusta Ada Byron King, Countess of Lovelace (December 10, 1815 London, England – November 27, 1852 Marylebone, London, England),[1] born Augusta Ada Byron, is mainly known for having written a description of Charles Babbage's early mechanical general-purpose computer, the analytical engine. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Marylebone (sometimes written St Marylebone or Mary-le-bone, or in archaic use Marybone) is an area of central London, England in London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Marylebone (sometimes written St Marylebone or Mary-le-bone, or in archaic use Marybone) is an area of central London, England in London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The analytical engine, an important step in the History of computers, was the design of a mechanical general-purpose Computer by the British mathematician Charles She is today appreciated as the "first programmer" since she was writing programs—that is, manipulating symbols according to rules—for a machine that Babbage had not yet built. She also foresaw the capability of computers to go beyond mere calculating or number-crunching while others, including Babbage himself, focused only on these capabilities. [2]

Contents

Biography

Lovelace, born December 10, 1815, was the first child of the poet Lord Byron and his wife, Annabella. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Anne Isabella Noel Byron 11th Baroness Wentworth ( 17 May 1792 &ndash 16 May 1860) was the wife [3] She was named after Byron's half-sister, Augusta Leigh, and was called "Ada" by Byron himself. The Honourable Augusta Byron, later The Honourable Mrs George Leigh (January 26 1783 - October 12 1851 was the only daughter of John "Mad Jack" Byron [4] On January 16, 1816, Annabella left Byron, taking one-month-old Ada with her. Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate. Year 1816 ( MDCCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Although English law gave fathers full custody of their children in cases of separation, Byron made no attempt to claim his parental rights. [5] On April 21, Byron signed the Deed of Separation and left England for good a few days later. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date)

Lovelace never met her younger half-sister, Allegra Byron, daughter of Lord Byron and Claire Clairmont, who died at the age of five in 1822. Clara Allegra Byron ( January 12, 1817 &ndash April 20, 1822) initially named Alba, meaning " Dawn," or Clara Mary Jane Clairmont ( 27 April, 1798 – 19 March, 1879) or Claire Clairmont as she was commonly known was a stepsister Year 1822 (MDCCCXXII was a Common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Sunday of the Lovelace did have some contact with Elizabeth Medora Leigh, the daughter of Byron's half-sister Augusta Leigh. Elizabeth Medora Leigh ( April 15, 1814 &ndash August 28, 1849) was the third daughter of Augusta Leigh. Lovelace and Medora were told by Ada's mother that Byron was Medora's father.

Lovelace was often ill starting in her early childhood. At eight she experienced head aches that obscured her vision. In June 1829, she was paralyzed after a bout of the measles. Lady Byron subjected the girl to continuous bed rest for nearly a year, which may have extended her period of disability. By 1831 she was able to walk with crutches. Throughout her illnesses, Lovelace continued her education. [6]

Lady Byron was also highly interested in mathematics, which dominated her life, even after marriage. Her obsession with rooting out any of the insanity of which she accused Lord Byron was one of the reasons why Annabella taught Lovelace mathematics at an early age. Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and Lovelace was privately home schooled in mathematics and science by William Frend, William King and Mary Somerville. Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding William Frend (1757-1841 was a clergyman social reformer and writer William King-Noel 1st Earl of Lovelace FRS ( 21 February 1805 - 29 December 1893) known as the Hon Mary Somerville' ( December 26, 1780 &ndash November 28, 1872) was a Scottish Science writer and Polymath One of her later tutors was Augustus De Morgan. Augustus De Morgan ( 27 June, 1806 &ndash 18 March, 1871) was a British Mathematician and Logician.

An active member of London society, she was a member of the Bluestockings in her youth. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. For other uses see Bluestocking. The Blue Stockings Society was an informal women's Social and Educational movement in

Ada Lovelace
Ada Lovelace

In 1835 she married William King, 8th Baron King, later 1st Earl of Lovelace. William King-Noel 1st Earl of Lovelace FRS ( 21 February 1805 - 29 December 1893) known as the Hon Earl of Lovelace is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. They had three children; Byron born 12 May 1836, Annabella (Lady Anne Blunt) born 22 September 1837 and Ralph Gordon born 2 July 1839. Byron King-Noel 12th Baron Wentworth, styled Viscount Ockham ( 12 May 1836 &ndash 1 September 1862) was a British peer. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Year 1836 ( MDCCCXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Anne Isabella Noel Blunt, Née King-Noel 15th Baroness Wentworth ( 22 September 1837 &ndash 15 December 1917) known Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Ralph King-Milbanke, 2nd Earl of Lovelace was the third son of William King and his wife Ada Lovelace, the only legitimate daughter of the poet Lord Byron and widely Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Year 1839 ( MDCCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The family lived at Ockham Park, at Ockham, Surrey. Ockham (ˈɒkm̨ is a tiny English Village near East Horsley, in Surrey, England. Her full name and title for most of her married life was The Right Honourable Augusta Ada, Countess of Lovelace. She is widely known in modern times simply as Ada Lovelace, or by her maiden name, Ada Byron.

Some attribute to Lovelace a reputation for drinking, gambling and scandal, but it has been questioned whether any good evidence exists to support this or whether in fact "she led rather a dull life in comparison to other figures of her day". [7]

She knew and was taught by Mary Somerville, noted researcher and scientific author of the 19th century, who introduced her in turn to Charles Babbage on June 5, 1833. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Other acquaintances were Sir David Brewster, Charles Wheatstone, Charles Dickens and Michael Faraday. Sir David Brewster, FRS ( 11 December 1781 &ndash 10 February 1868) was a Scottish scientist inventor and writer Sir Charles Wheatstone FRS (6 February 1802 - 19 October 1875 was a British Scientist and Inventor of many scientific breakthroughs Michael Faraday, FRS ( September 22 1791 – August 25 1867) was an English

During a nine-month period in 1842–1843, Lovelace translated Italian mathematician Luigi Menabrea's memoir on Babbage's newest proposed machine, the Analytical Engine. Federico Luigi Conte Menabrea Marquis of Valdora ( September 4, 1809 &ndash May 24, 1896) was an Italian general and Statesman The analytical engine, an important step in the History of computers, was the design of a mechanical general-purpose Computer by the British mathematician Charles With the article, she appended a set of notes [8]. Ada Byron's notes on the analytical engine are a description and associated documents produced by Augusta Ada King Countess of Lovelace, (born Ada Byron on Charles Babbage The notes are longer than the memoir itself and include (Section G) in complete detail a method for calculating Bernoulli numbers with the Engine, recognized by historians as the world's first computer program. In Mathematics, the Bernoulli numbers are a Sequence of Rational numbers with deep connections to Number theory. Computer programs (also software programs, or just programs) are instructions for a Computer. Biographers debate the extent of her original contributions, with some holding that the programs were written by Babbage himself. Babbage wrote the following on the subject, in his Passages from the Life of a Philosopher (1846)[9]:

“ I then suggested that she add some notes to Menabrea's memoir, an idea which was immediately adopted. We discussed together the various illustrations that might be introduced: I suggested several but the selection was entirely her own. So also was the algebraic working out of the different problems, except, indeed, that relating to the numbers of Bernoulli, which I had offered to do to save Lady Lovelace the trouble. This she sent back to me for an amendment, having detected a grave mistake which I had made in the process. ”

Lovelace's prose also acknowledged some possibilities of the machine which Babbage never published, such as speculating that "the Engine might compose elaborate and scientific pieces of music of any degree of complexity or extent. "[10]

Interaction with Charles Babbage

Lovelace met and corresponded with Charles Babbage on many occasions, including socially and in relation to Babbage's Difference Engine and Analytical Engine. The Difference Engine was an automatic mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions. The analytical engine, an important step in the History of computers, was the design of a mechanical general-purpose Computer by the British mathematician Charles Their relationship was not principally of a romantic nature.

Lovelace was one of the few people who fully understood Babbage's ideas and created a program for the Analytical Engine. Had the Analytical Engine ever actually been built, her program would have been able to calculate a sequence of Bernoulli numbers. In Mathematics, the Bernoulli numbers are a Sequence of Rational numbers with deep connections to Number theory. Based on this work, Lovelace is now widely credited with being the first computer programmer. A programmer is someone who writes Computer software. The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist [11]

Babbage was impressed by Lovelace's intellect and writing skills. He called her "The Enchantress of Numbers". In 1843 he wrote of her:

Forget this world and all its troubles and if
possible its multitudinous Charlatans - every thing
in short but the Enchantress of Numbers. [12]

The level of impact of Lovelace on Babbage's engines are the subject of debate. The debate is difficult to resolve due to Charles Babbage's tendency not to acknowledge (either verbally or in writing) the influence of other people in his work.

Death

Ada Lovelace was bled to death at the age of 36 by her physicians, who were trying to cure her uterine cancer. The term uterine cancer may refer to any of several different types of Cancer which occur in the Uterus, namely Uterine sarcomas [13] She left two sons and a daughter, Lady Anne Blunt, famous in her own right as a traveller in the Middle East and a breeder of Arabian horses, co-founder of the Crabbet Arabian Stud. Anne Isabella Noel Blunt, Née King-Noel 15th Baroness Wentworth ( 22 September 1837 &ndash 15 December 1917) known The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. The Arabian horse is a breed of Horse with a reputation for Intelligence, spirit and stamina The Crabbet Arabian Stud was established on 2 July 1878 when the first Arabian horses brought to England by Wilfrid Scawen Blunt and Lady

She was buried next to the father she never knew at the Church of St. Mary Magdalene in Hucknall, Nottingham. The Church of St Mary Magdalene in Hucknall, Nottinghamshire, is a Parish church in the Church of England. Hucknall, formerly known as Hucknall Torkard is a town in Nottinghamshire, England, in the district of Ashfield. Nottingham ( is a city in the Ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, England. Over one hundred years after her death, in 1953, Lovelace's notes on Babbage's Analytical Engine were republished after being forgotten. The engine has now been recognized as an early model for a computer and Lovelace's notes as a description of a computer and software. A computer is a Machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. [14]

Influence

The computer language Ada, created by the U.S. Defense Department, was named after Lovelace. Ada is a structured, Statically typed, imperative, and object-oriented high-level computer Programming language The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government The reference manual for the language was approved on December 10, 1980, The Department of Defense Military Standard for the language, "MIL-STD-1815" was given the number of the year of her birth. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) A United States Defense Standard, often called a military standard, " MIL-STD " or " MIL-SPEC " is used to help achieve standardization In addition Lovelace's image can be seen on the Microsoft product authenticity hologram stickers. Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer Holography (from the Greek, ὅλος - hólos whole + γραφή - grafē writing drawing is a technique that allows the Since 1998, the British Computer Society has awarded a medal in her name[15] and in 2008 initiated an annual competition for women students of computer science. The British Computer Society ( BCS) is a professional body that represents those working in Information Technology. The Lovelace Medal, established by the British Computer Society in 1998, is presented to individuals who have advanced Information Systems or added significantly [16]

See also

References

  1. ^ GRO Register of Deaths: DEC 1852 1a * MARYLEBONE - Augusta Ada Lovelace
  2. ^ J. Fuegi and J. Francis, "Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes'. " Annals of the History of Computing 25 #4 (Oct-Dec 2003): 19, 25. Digital Object Identifier
  3. ^ Stein, Ada, pp. 14
  4. ^ Stein, Ada pp. 17
  5. ^ Stein, Ada, pp. 16
  6. ^ Stein, Ada, pp. 27–30
  7. ^ Professor John Fuegi commenting on his review of Lovelace's correspondence: BBC Radio 4 - In Our Time - Ada Lovelace - streaming audio
  8. ^ Menabrea, Luigi Federico; Ada Lovelace (1843). "Sketch of the Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage". Scientific Memoirs 3. With notes upon the Memoir by the Translator
  9. ^ (from an excerpt found in Perspectives on the Computer Revolution (1970), edited by Zenon Pylyshyn)
  10. ^ J. Fuegi, and J. Francis. "Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes'. " Annals of the History of Computing 25 #4 (Oct-Dec 2003): quote 16. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253887 Digital Object Identifier
  11. ^ J. Fuegi and J. Francis, "Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes'. " Annals of the History of Computing 25 #4 (Oct-Dec 2003): 16-26. Digital Object Identifier
  12. ^ Toole, Betty (1998). David Bryant Mumford (born 11 June 1937) is a Mathematician known for distinguished work in Algebraic geometry, and then for research into "Acknowledgments", The Enchantress of Numbers. Critical Connection. ISBN 0912647183.  
  13. ^ Joan Baum,The Calculating Passion of Ada Byron, Archon Books, 1986, ISBN 0208021191 p. 99-100
  14. ^ J. Fuegi and J. Francis, "Lovelace & Babbage and the creation of the 1843 'notes'. " Annals of the History of Computing 25 #4 (Oct-Dec 2003): 16-26. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MAHC.2003.1253887 Digital Object Identifier
  15. ^ Lovelace Lecture & Medal : BCS Accessed March 2, 2008
  16. ^ Undergraduate Lovelace Colloquium, BCSWomen Accessed March 6, 2008

External links

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic