Á	á
Ấ	ấ
Ắ	ắ
Ǻ	ǻ
Ǽ	ǽ
Ć	ć
Ḉ	ḉ
É	é
Ế	ế
Ḗ	ḗ
Ǵ	ǵ
Í	í
Ḯ	ḯ
Ḱ	ḱ
Ĺ	ĺ
Ḿ	ḿ
Ń	ń
Ó	ó
Ố	ố
Ṍ	ṍ
Ṓ	ṓ
Ǿ	ǿ
Ṕ	ṕ
Ŕ	ŕ
Ś	ś
Ṥ	ṥ
Ú	ú
Ǘ	ǘ
Ṹ	ṹ
Ẃ	ẃ
Ý	ý
Ź	ź

The acute accent ( ´  ) is a diacritic mark used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin, Cyrillic alphabet and Greek scripts. Á, á ( A - acute) is a letter of the Czech, Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, and Slovak languages Â, â ( A - Circumflex) is a letter of the Romanian and Vietnamese alphabets Ă ( Upper case) or ă ( Lower case) usually referred to in English as A-breve, is a letter used in standard Romanian language History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. The grapheme Ć ( minuscule: ć) formed from C with the addition of an Acute accent, is used in various languages É, é ( E - acute) is a letter of Hungarian, Icelandic, Kashubian, Czech, Slovak, and Uyghur language Ê, ê ( E - Circumflex) is a letter of Kurdish and Vietnamese language. History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. Í, í ( I - acute) is a letter of Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, Czech, Slovak, and Tatar language Ḱ ḱ ( K with Acute accent, Unicode U+1E30 U+1E31 is used in the following sense transliteration of Cyrillic Kje that History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. Ń ( minuscule: ń) is a letter in the Polish, Kashubian and Sorbian alphabets representing IPA /ɲ/. Ó, ó ( O - acute) is a letter in the Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, Kashubian, Polish, Czech The Vietnamese alphabet has the following 29 letters in collating order Description The Vietnamese alphabet called Chữ Quốc Ngữ The " Ø " ( minuscule: " ø " is a Vowel and a letter used in the Danish, Faroese and Norwegian History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. Ś is an S with an Acute accent. It is found in the Polish alphabet and it is used in some other countries Slavic usually ( Voiceless alveolo-palatal Ê, ê ( E - Circumflex) is a letter of Kurdish and Vietnamese language. Letter Ü The letter Ü occurs in Hungarian, Karelian, Turkish, Estonian, Azeri, Turkmen, Crimean History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. History An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. Ź ( minuscule: ź) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, formed from Z with the addition of an acute. A diacritic ( also called a diacritic or diacritical mark, point, or sign, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation An alphabet is a standardized set of letters basic written symbols each of which roughly represents a Phoneme, a Spoken language, either The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early A writing system is a type of Symbolic system used to represent elements or statements expressible in Language. The word acute is derived from the Latin acutus ("sharp"), itself a loan translation of the Greek ὀξύς (oxýs). Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. In Linguistics, a calque (kælk or loan translation is a Word or Phrase borrowed from another Language by Literal, word-for-word The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c

Contents 1 History 2 Stress 3 Height 4 Length 5 Palatalization 6 Tone 7 Disambiguation 8 Emphasis 9 Letter extension 10 Other uses 11 Use in English 12 Technical notes 13 See also 14 Notes 15 External links

History

An early precursor of the acute accent was the apex, used in Latin inscriptions to mark long vowels. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. In Linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a Vowel sound

The acute accent first appeared with this name in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it indicated a syllable with a high pitch. The Ancient Greek language is the historical stage in the development of the Hellenic language family spanning the Archaic (c Pitch accent is a linguistic term of convenience for a variety of restricted tone systems that use variations in pitch to give prominence to a Syllable Modern Greek has a stress accent instead of a pitch accent, so the diacritic is now used to mark the stressed vowel of a word. In Linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain Syllables in a word

Stress

The acute accent marks the stressed vowel of a word in several languages:

• Catalan. In Linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain Syllables in a word Catalan ˈkætəˌlæn ( català kətəˈla or) is a Romance language, the national and official language of Andorra, and a co-official Used in stressed high vowels: é, í, ó, ú. A close vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in many spoken Languages The defining characteristic of a close vowel is that the tongue is positioned as close as
• Dutch. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Used to disambiguate between words that differ only in stress (vóórkomen – voorkómen) or openness (hé – hè; één – een) where this is not otherwise reflected in the spelling.
• Galician
• Modern Greek, where it marks the stressed vowel of every polysyllabic word. Modern Greek (el Νέα Ελληνικά or el Νεοελληνική lit A syllable ( Greek:) is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds
• Occitan. Occitan ( IPA BrE: /ˈɒksɪtn/ AmE: /ˈɑksəˌtɑn/ known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native name occitan Used in stressed high vowels: á, é, í, ó, ú. A close vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in many spoken Languages The defining characteristic of a close vowel is that the tongue is positioned as close as
• Portuguese: á, é, í, ó, ú. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. May also indicate height (see below).
• Russian. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages When it is required (i. e. in dictionaries, books for children or foreigners), stress is indicated by an acute accent as the stressing is very unpredictable and stressing the wrong syllable sometimes changes the meaning of the word. The same rules apply in Ukrainian, Belorussian and Bulgarian languages. However, this is not the case for Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian, as these has a semi-fixed stress on the second-last and/or third-last syllable, making the use of accents redundant. The Serbo-Croatian language or Croato-Serbian language (cрпскохрватски језик srpskohrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic Diasystem Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages.
• Spanish. Used on vowels to mark stress. Occasionally it is also used to distinguish between homophones. See below.
• Swedish and Danish. Swedish ( is a North Germanic language spoken by more than nine million people predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the The acute accent is used to indicate that a terminal syllable with the vowel e is stressed, and is often written out only when it changes the meaning. For example ide "bear's nest" vs. idé "idea"; armen "the arm" vs. armén "the army" — in both cases the first syllable is stressed without the accent. Also stress related is the different spellings of the words en/én and et/ét (the indefinite article in danish). In this case the acute points out that there is one and only one of the object. Derrives from the obsolete spelling(s) een and eet. Some loan-words, mainly from French, are written with the acute accent, like filé and kafé. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people
• Welsh. Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic Word stress always falls on the penultimate syllable, unless indicated otherwise by the use of an acute accent on the stressed vowel; this can be on an á, é, í, ó, ú, ẃ, or ý. For example casáu "to hate", caniatáu "to allow, to permit".

Height

The acute accent marks the height of some stressed vowels in various Romance languages. In Phonetics, a vowel is a Sound in spoken Language, such as English ah! or oh!, pronounced with an open Vocal tract The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages, or Neolatin languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family comprising all

• To mark high vowels:
  • Catalan. Catalan ˈkætəˌlæn ( català kətəˈla or) is a Romance language, the national and official language of Andorra, and a co-official The acute marks the quality of the vowels é [e] (as opposed to è [ɛ]), and ó [o] (as opposed to ò [ɔ]).
  • French. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Used only on é. It is known as accent aigu, and distinguishes é [e] from è, ê [ɛ], and e [ə]. Unlike other Romance languages, the accent marks rarely imply stress in French as the stress is almost always on the last syllable of each word.
  • Italian. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. The acute accent is compulsory only in words of more than one syllable stressed on their final vowel (and a few other words), and there are hardly any words ending in -ò. Therefore, only é is usually seen in normal text, typically in words ending in -ché, such as perché "why/because"; in ambiguous monosyllables such as né 'neither' vs. ne 'of it' and sé 'itself' vs. se 'if'; and some verb forms, e. g. poté "he/she/it could" (past tense). The symbol ó can be used for disambiguation, for instance between bótte, "barrel", and bòtte, "beating", though this is not mandatory.
  • Occitan. Occitan ( IPA BrE: /ˈɒksɪtn/ AmE: /ˈɑksəˌtɑn/ known also as Lenga d'òc or Langue d'oc (native name occitan The acute marks the quality of the vowels é [e] (as opposed to è [ɛ]), ó [u] (as opposed to ò [ɔ]) and á [ɔ/e] (as opposed to à [a]).

• To mark low vowels:
  • Portuguese. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. The vowels á, é, ó are low.

Length

The acute accent marks long vowels in several languages:

• Czech. In Linguistics, vowel length is the perceived duration of a Vowel sound Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the To indicate a long u in the middle or at the end of a word, a kroužek (ring) is used instead, to form ů. A ring Diacritic may appear above or below letters It may be combined with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets in various contexts
• Hungarian: á, é, í, ó, ú are the long equivalents of the vowels a, e, i, o, u (the former two also implying a change in quality, see below), while ő, ű (see double acute accent) are the long equivalents of ö, ü. Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. The double acute accent ( ˝) is a Diacritic mark of the Latin script used primarily in written Hungarian.
• Irish: á, é, í, ó, ú are the long equivalents of the vowels a, e, i, o, u. Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. The accent is known as a síneadh fada /ˌʃiːnʲə ˈfadˠə/ (length accent), usually abbreviated to fada.
• Slovak. The Slovak language ( slovenčina, slovenský jazyk, not to be confused with Slovenščina) sometimes referred to as "Slovakian" This language has also two more "long vowels" (which are consonants in the alphabet, but vowels in terms of their function): ŕ and ĺ, which are pronounced just like ordinary syllabic r and l, only longer. A syllabic consonant is a Consonant which either forms a Syllable of its own or is the nucleus of a syllable

Palatalization

On consonant letters, the acute accent often represents a palatalized sound. Palatalization or palatalisation (ˌpælətəlɨˈzeɪʃən generally refers to two phenomena As a process or the result of a process

In Polish, it is known as kreska and is used over several letters —- four consonants and one vowel. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Over the consonants, it is used to indicate palatalization, similar to the use of the háček in Czech and other Slavic languages, (e. Palatalization or palatalisation (ˌpælətəlɨˈzeɪʃən generally refers to two phenomena As a process or the result of a process Names Usage differs as to the name of this diacritic In the field of typography the term "caron" seems to be more popular Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the g. sześć /ʂɛɕʨ/ "six"), however, in contrast to the hacek which is usually used for postalveolar consonants, the kreska denotes alveolo-palatal consonants. Postalveolar consonants are Consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the Alveolar ridge, placing them a bit further back in the In Phonetics, alveolo-palatal (or alveopalatal) Consonants are palatalized postalveolar Fricatives articulated with In traditional Polish typography, the kreska is more nearly vertical than an acute, and placed slightly right of center. Typography is the art and techniques of arranging type, Type design, and modifying type Glyphs Type glyphs are created and modified using a variety ^[1]

In Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian the letter ć is used to represent a palatalized t. Bosnian language (Bosnian bosanski jezik) sometimes referred as Bosniak language or Bosniac language is a South Slavic language native Croatian language ( hrvatski jezik) is a South Slavic language which is used primarily in Croatia, by Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina in neighbouring Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language,

In the romanization of Macedonian, ǵ and ḱ represent the Cyrillic letters Ѓ and Ќ, which stand for palatal or alveolo-palatal consonants, though gj and kj are more commonly used for this purpose. In Linguistics, romanization (or latinization, also spelled romanisation or latinisation) is the representation of a Word or Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by Gje (Ѓ ѓ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language to represent / ɟ / or / ʥ / Kje (Ќ ќ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language. Palatal consonants are Consonants articulated with the body of the tongue raised against the Hard palate (the middle part of the roof of the mouth In Phonetics, alveolo-palatal (or alveopalatal) Consonants are palatalized postalveolar Fricatives articulated with

Tone

In some tonal languages written with the Latin alphabet, such as Vietnamese written in the standard Quốc Ngữ system, and Mandarin Chinese written in the Pinyin romanization, the acute accent is used to indicate a rising tone. A tonal language is a language that uses tone to distinguish words Vietnamese ( tiếng Việt, or less commonly Việt ngữ) formerly known under French colonization as Annamese ( see Annam) Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use In Linguistics, romanization (or latinization, also spelled romanisation or latinisation) is the representation of a Word or Tone is the use of pitch in Language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning—that is to distinguish or inflect words

In African languages, it frequently marks a high tone, e. There are an estimated 2000 Languages spoken in Africa. About a hundred of these are widely used for inter-ethnic communication g. Yoruba apá 'arm', Nobiin féntí 'sweet date', Ekoti kaláwa 'boat'. Yoruba (native name èdè Yorùbá, 'the Yoruba language' is a Dialect continuum of West Africa with over 25 million speakers Nobiin is a Northern Nubian language of the Nilo-Saharan phylum Ekoti (pronounced) is a Bantu language spoken in Mozambique by about 64200 people the Akoti.

Disambiguation

The acute accent is used to disambiguate certain words which would otherwise be homographs in the following languages:

• Danish. A homograph is one of a group of words that share the same spelling but have different meanings Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the Examples: én "one" vs. en "a/an"; fór "went" vs. for "for"; véd "know(s)" vs. ved "by"; gǿr "bark(s)" vs. gør "do(es)"; dǿr "die(s)" vs. dør "door"; allé "alley" vs. alle "everybody".
  Furthermore, it is also used for the imperative form of verbs ending in -ere, which lose their final e and might be mistaken for plurals of a noun (which most often end in -er): analysér is the imperative form of at analysere "to analyse", analyser is "analyses", plural of the noun analyse "analysis". Using an acute accent is always optional, never required.
• Modern Greek. Modern Greek (el Νέα Ελληνικά or el Νεοελληνική lit Although all polysyllabic words have an acute accent on the stressed syllable, in monosyllabic words the presence or absence of an accent may disambiguate. The most common case is η, the feminine definite article ("the"), versus ή, meaning "or".
• Norwegian. Norwegian ( norsk) is a North Germanic Language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language It's not used for the imperative form of verbs ending in -ere like it is in Danish: kontroller is the imperative form of "to control", kontroller is the noun "controls". In Nynorsk, the simple past of the verb å fare, "to travel", can optionally be written fór, to distinguish it from for (preposition "for" as in English), fôr "feed" n. Nynorsk (literally "New Norwegian" is one of the two official Norwegian Standard languages the other being Bokmål. /"linen", or fòr "narrow ditch, trail by plow (all the diacritics in these examples are optional ^[2]).
• Spanish. Covers various question word / relative pronoun pairs where the first is stressed and the second is a clitic, such as cómo (interrogative "how") and como (non-interrogative "how", comparative "like"), differentiates qué (what) from que (that), dónde and donde "where", and some other words such as tú "you" and tu "your," él "he/him" and el ("the", masculine). In Linguistics, a clitic is a grammatically independent and phonologically dependent Word. This usage of the acute accent is called acento diacrítico.

Emphasis

In Dutch, the acute accent can also be used to emphasize an individual word within a sentence. For example, "Het is ónze auto, niet die van jullie," "This is our car, not yours. " In this example, ónze is merely an emphasized form of onze.

In Danish, the acute accent can also be used for emphasis, especially on the word der (there), ex. Danish ( d̥ænsɡ̊ is one of the North Germanic languages (also called Scandinavian languages a sub-group of the Germanic branch of the "Der kan ikke være mange mennesker dér," meaning "There can't be many people there" or "Dér skal vi hen" meaning "That's where we're going".

Letter extension

• In Faroese, the acute accent is used on 5 of the vowels (a, i, o, u and y), but these letters, á, í, ó, ú and ý are considered separate letters with separate pronunciations. Faroese ( føroyskt ˈføːɹɪst or) often also spelled Faeroese (cf

á: long [ɔa], short [ɔ] and before [a]: [õ]

í/ý: long [ʊiː], short [ʊi]

ó: long [ɔu], [ɛu] or [œu], short: [œ], except Suðuroy: [ɔ]

When ó is followed by the skerping -gv, it is pronounced [ɛ], except in Suðuroy where it is [ɔ]

ú: long [ʉu], short [ʏ]

When ú is followed by the skerping -gv, it is pronounced [ɪ]

• In Hungarian, the acute accent marks a difference in quality on two vowels, apart from vowel length:

The (short) vowel a is open back rounded (ɒ), but á is open front unrounded (a) (and long). Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. The open back rounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that The open front unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet

Similarly, the (short) vowel e is open-mid front unrounded (ɛ), while (long) é is close-mid front unrounded (e). The open-mid front unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet Close-mid front unrounded vowel The close-mid front unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the

Despite this difference, these two pairs are arranged as equal in collation, just like the other pairs (see above) that only differ in length.

• In Icelandic the acute accent is used on 6 of the vowels (a, e, i, o, u and y), and, as in Faroese, these are considered separate letters. Icelandic ( is a North Germanic language, the language of Iceland.

á: [au(ː)]

é: long [jeɛː], short [jɛ]

í/ý: [i(ː)]

ó: [ou(ː)]

ú: [u(ː)]

All can be either short or long, but note that the pronunciation of é is not the same short and long.

Etymologically, vowels with an acute accent in these languages correspond to their Old Norse counterparts, which were long vowels but in many cases have become diphthongs. Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age In Phonetics, a diphthong (also gliding vowel) (from Greek grc δίφθογγος "diphthongos" literally "with two sounds" or "with The only exception is é, which in Faroese has become æ. Æ ( minuscule: æ) is a Grapheme formed from the letters A and E.

• In Polish, the acute on "ó" indicates a pronunciation change into [u], and historically it was used to indicate a long vowel. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland.

• In Turkmen, the letter Ý is a consonant: [j]. Turkmen ( Latin script: türkmen Cyrillic: түркмен ISO 639 -1 tk ISO 639-2 tuk is the name of the national language of Turkmenistan

Other uses

Diacritical marks

accent acute accent ( ´ ) double acute accent ( ˝ ) grave accent ( ` ) double grave accent (  ̏ ) breve ( ˘ ) caron / háček ( ˇ ) cedilla ( ¸ ) circumflex ( ^ ) diaeresis / umlaut ( ¨ ) dot ( · ) anunaasika ( ˙ ) anusvara (  ̣ ) chandrabindu (   ँ   ঁ   ઁ   ଁ ఁ ) hook / dấu hỏi (  ̉ ) horn / dấu móc (  ̛ ) macron ( ¯ ) ogonek ( ˛ ) ring / kroužek ( ˚, ˳ ) rough breathing / spiritus asper (  ῾ ) smooth breathing / spiritus lenis (  ᾿ )

Marks sometimes used as diacritics

apostrophe ( ’ ) bar ( | ) colon ( : ) comma ( , ) hyphen ( ˗ ) tilde ( ~ ) titlo (  ҃ )

• Many Norwegian words of French origin retain an acute accent, such as allé, kafé, idé, komité. A diacritic ( also called a diacritic or diacritical mark, point, or sign, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation The double acute accent ( ˝) is a Diacritic mark of the Latin script used primarily in written Hungarian. Pitch The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred only on the last syllable of a word in cases where the See also Grave accent Double acute accent International Phonetic Alphabet Length The breve sign indicates a short vowel as opposed to the Macron  ¯ which indicates long vowels in academic transcription Names Usage differs as to the name of this diacritic In the field of typography the term "caron" seems to be more popular Pitch The circumflex accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred (subject to certain rules on the accented syllable Diaeresis or trema See also Diaeresis History Historically the diaeresis mark or trema is far older than the umlaut mark Overdot See also Anusvara Language scripts or transcription schemes that use the dot above a letter as a diacritical mark In Arabic romanization Anusvara (Dev अनुस्वार anusvāra) is the diacritic used to mark a type of Nasalization used in a number of Indic languages. Anusvara (Dev अनुस्वार anusvāra) is the diacritic used to mark a type of Nasalization used in a number of Indic languages. This article is about chandrabindu the character in several Brahmi derived scripts See also Horn (diacritic Ɓ ɓ Ƈ ƈ Ɗ ɗ Ɠ ɠ See also Ơ Ư Hook (diacritic Acute accent Apostrophe A macron, from Greek el μακρόv ( makrón) meaning "long" is a Diacritic ¯ placed over or under a Vowel which was originally The ogonek ( Polish for "little tail" the Diminutive of ogon) is a Diacritic hook placed under the lower right corner of a vowel in the A ring Diacritic may appear above or below letters It may be combined with some letters of the extended Latin alphabets in various contexts The spiritus asper ( Latin for "rough breathing" δασὺ πνεῦμα dasỳ pneûma or daseîa) is a diacritical mark used in A bar or stroke is a modification consisting of a line drawn through a Grapheme. A comma ( ,   is a Punctuation mark It has the same shape as an Apostrophe or single closing Quotation mark in many typefaces but it differs A hyphen ( -) is a Punctuation mark It is used for both Words to join and to separate Syllables It is often confused with the dashes The tilde (~ (/ˈtɪldə/ is a Grapheme with several uses The name of the character comes from Spanish, from the Latin titulus Titlo is an extended Diacritic symbol first used in Old Cyrillic manuscripts e Norwegian ( norsk) is a North Germanic Language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is an official language Popular usage can be sketchy and often neglects the accent, and there exists a certain degree of interchangeability with the grave accent. Likewise, in Swedish, the acute accent is used only for the letter e, mostly in words of French origin and in some names. Swedish ( is a North Germanic language spoken by more than nine million people predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along the It is used both to indicate a change in vowel quantity as well as quality and that the stress should be on this, normally unstressed, syllable. Examples include café ("café") and resumé ("resumé", noun). There are two pairs of homographs that are differentiated only by the accent: armé ("army") versus arme ("poor; pitiful", masculine gender) and idé ("idea") versus ide ("winter quarters"). A homograph is one of a group of words that share the same spelling but have different meanings

• In Northern Sámi, an acute accent was placed over the corresponding Latin letter to represent the letters peculiar to this language (Áá, Čč, Đđ, Ŋŋ, Šš, Ŧŧ, Žž) when typing when there was no way of entering these letters correctly otherwise. Northern or North Sami ( Davvisápmi, formerly Davvisámi or Davvisaami; improperly Lappish or Lapp) is the most widely ^[3]

• In transliterating texts written in Cuneiform, an acute accent over the vowel indicates that the original sign is the second representing that value in the canonical lists. Thus su is used to transliterate the first sign with the phonetic value /su/, while sú transliterates the second sign with the value /su/.

• In some Basque texts, the letters r and l carry acute accents, which are otherwise indicated by double letters. Basque ( native name: euskara) is the Language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Pyrenees in North-Central Spain In such cases, ŕ is used to represent rr (a trilled r, this spelling is used only internally in words, to differentiate between -r-, an alveolar tap–in Basque /r/ in word-initial and word-final positions is always trilled) and ĺ for ll (a palatalized /l/).

Use in English

As with other diacritical marks, a number of loanwords are sometimes spelled in English with an acute accent used in the original language: these include sauté, roué, café, touché, fiancé, and fiancée. A loanword (or loan word) is a word directly taken into one Language from another with little or no translation Retention of the accent is common only in the French ending é or ée, as in these examples, where its absence would tend to suggest a different pronunciation. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Thus the French word résumé is commonly seen in English as resumé, with only one accent.

Acute accents are sometimes added to loanwords where a final e is not silent, e. Silent e is a writing convention in English Spelling. When reading the Silent letter e at the end of a Word signals g. latté. This is non-standard.

For foreign terms used in English that have not been assimilated into English or are not in general English usage, italics are generally used with the appropriate accents: for example, coup d'état, pièce de résistance, crème brûlée. In Typography, italic type /ɪˈtælɪk/ or /aɪˈtælɪk/ refers to cursive Typefaces based on a stylized form of calligraphic Handwriting. Pièce de résistance is a French term ( Circa 1839) translated into English Literally as "piece of resistance" Crème brûlée (or Crème brulée in L'Orthographie 1990) ( French for "burnt cream" ˌkrɛm bruːˈleɪ in English, kʁɛm bʁyˈle

Accents are sometimes also used for poetic purposes, to indicate an unusual pronunciation: for example, spelling the word picked (normally [pɪkt]) as pickéd to indicate the pronunciation ['pɪkɪd]. The grave accent is also sometimes used for this purpose. Pitch The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred only on the last syllable of a word in cases where the

Technical notes

The ISO-8859-1 and extended ASCII character encodings include the letters á, é, í, ó, ú, ý, and their respective capital forms. ISO 8859-1, more formally cited as ISO/IEC 8859-1 is part 1 of ISO/IEC 8859, a standard Character encoding of the Latin alphabet. The term extended ASCII (or high ASCII) describes Eight-bit or larger Character encodings that include the standard seven- Bit Capital letters or majuscules pronunciation /məˈdʒʌskyuls ˈmædʒəˌskyuls/ in the Roman alphabet A, B, C, D, Dozens more letters with the acute accent are available in Unicode. In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's Unicode also provides the acute accent as a separate character U+00B4 and a combining character, U+0301. In Digital typography, combining characters are characters that are intended to modify other characters

On Windows computers, letters with acute accents can be created by holding down the alt key and typing in a three-number code on the number pad to the right of the keyboard before releasing the alt key. Before the appearance of Spanish keyboards, Spanish speakers had to learn these codes if they wanted to be able to write acute accents, though some preferred using the Microsoft Word spell checker to add the accent for them. The codes are:

• 160 for á
• 130 for é
• 161 for í
• 162 for ó
• 163 for ú

On a UK Keyboard layout, these letters can also be made by holding Ctrl+Alt (or Alt Gr) and the desired letter. Some sites, such as Wikipedia or the babelfish automatic translator allow inserting such symbols by clicking on a link in a box.

On a Macintosh, an acute accent is placed on a vowel by pressing Option-e and then the vowel, which can also be capitalised; for example, á is formed by pressing Option-e and then 'a', and Á is formed by pressing Option-e and then Shift-a.

See also

• Acute (phonetics)
• Apex (diacritic)
• Grave accent
• Circumflex accent
• Double acute accent

The ISO basic Latin alphabet
Aa	Bb	Cc	Dd	Ee	Ff	Gg	Hh	Ii	Jj	Kk	Ll	Mm	Nn	Oo	Pp	Qq	Rr	Ss	Tt	Uu	Vv	Ww	Xx	Yy	Zz
Letters using acute accent ÁáǼǽĆćÉéǴǵÍíḰḱĹĺḾḿŃńÓóǾǿṔṕŔশÚúẂẃÝýŹź history • palaeography • derivations • diacritics • punctuation • numerals • Unicode • list of letters

Notes

External links

• Diacritics Project — All you need to design a font with correct accents
• Keyboard Help - Learn how to create world language accent marks and other diacriticals on a computer

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