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Ray-finned fish
Fossil range: Late Silurian – Recent
Atlantic herring
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Infraphylum: Gnathostomata
Superclass: Osteichthyes
Class: Actinopterygii
Klein, 1885
Subclasses

Chondrostei
Neopterygii
See text for orders. The Silurian is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Ordovician period about 443 Atlantic herring ( Clupea harengus) is one of the most abundant species of Fish on the planet Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Gnathostomata is the group of Vertebrates with Jaws The group is traditionally a superclass, including the familiar classes of Fish, Osteichthyes (ˌɒstiːˈɪkθiːz also called bony fish, are a taxonomic Class of Fish that includes the ray-finned fish ( Actinopterygii Chondrostei are primarily cartiliginous fish showing some Ossification. Neopterygii is a group of Actinopteri animals Neopterygii means "new wings"

The Actinopterygii (the plural form of Actinopterygius) comprise the class of the ray-finned fishes. A class is the Taxonomic rank in the Biological classification of organisms in Biology below phylum and above order.

The ray-finned fishes are so called because they possess lepidotrichia or "fin rays", their fins being webs of skin supported by bony or horny spines ("rays"), as opposed to the fleshy, lobed fins that characterize the class Sarcopterygii. Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two Lepidotrichia are bony bilaterally-paired segmented fin rays found in bony fishes. Sarcopterygii (from Greek σαρξ sarx, flesh and πτερυξ pteryx, fin is traditionally the class of lobe-finned Fishes consisting These actinopterygian fin rays attach directly to the proximal or basal skeletal elements, the radials, which represent the link or connection between these fins and the internal skeleton (e. g. , pelvic and pectoral girdles).

In terms of numbers, actinopterygians are the dominant class of vertebrates, with nearly 30,000 species, and they are ubiquitous throughout fresh water and marine environments from the deep sea to the highest mountain streams. Vertebrates are members of the Subphylum Vertebrata, Chordates with backbones or spinal columns The grouping sometimes includes Freshwater is a word that refers to bodies of water such as Ponds lakes rivers and streams containing low concentrations of dissolved Salts and other Total dissolved An ocean (from Greek, ''Okeanos'' (Oceanus) is a major body of saline water, and a principal component of the Hydrosphere. Extant species can range in size from Paedocypris, at 79 mm (0. Paedocypris is an Indonesian Genus of Fish in the family Cyprinidae (which also includes Carps and Minnows 3 in), to the massive Ocean Sunfish, at 2,300 kg (5,100 lb), and the long-bodied Oarfish, to at least 11 m (36. The ocean sunfish, Mola mola, or common mola, is the heaviest known bony fish in the world Oarfish are large greatly elongated pelagic Lampriform Fish comprising the small family Regalecidae. 5 feet).

Fossil record

The earliest known fossil Actinopterygiian is Andreolepis hedei, dating back 420 million years (Late Silurian). Andreolepis hedei, an Extinct Prehistoric Fish, has proven so far to be the earliest-known Actinopterygiian living around 420 The Silurian is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Ordovician period about 443 This microvertebrate has been uncovered in Russia, Sweden, and Estonia[1]. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region

Classification

Traditionally three grades of actinopterygians have been recognised: the Chondrostei, Holostei, and Teleostei. Chondrostei are primarily cartiliginous fish showing some Ossification. Holostei are Bony fish that show primitive characteristics There are eight species divided among two orders the Amiiformes represented by a single living species Teleostei is one of three infraclasses in class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes Some morphological evidence suggests that the second is paraphyletic and should be abandoned; however, recent work based on the analysis of DNA sequence data from the complete mitochondrial genome supports its recognition. In Phylogenetics, a group of organisms is said to be paraphyletic if the group contains its most recent common ancestor but does not contain all Nearly all living bony fishes are teleosts. Teleostei is one of three infraclasses in class Actinopterygii, the ray-finned fishes

A listing of the different groups is given below, down to the level of orders, arranged in what has been suggested to represent the evolutionary sequence down to the level of order based primarily on the long history of morphological studies. This classification, like any other taxonomy based on phylogenetic research is in a state of flux. Taxonomy is the practice and science of classification The word comes from the Greek, taxis (meaning 'order' 'arrangement' and, nomos Many of these ordinal and higher-level groupings have not been supported in both the recent morphological and molecular literature. Examples of demonstrably paraphyletic or unnatural groups include the Paracanthopterygii, Scorpaeniformes, and Perciformes[1]. In Phylogenetics, a group of organisms is said to be paraphyletic if the group contains its most recent common ancestor but does not contain all Paracanthopterygii is a Superorder of Fishes Members of this superorder are called paracanthopterygians. Scorpaeniformes is an order of ray-finned fish, but it has also been called the Scleroparei. The Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, include about 40% of all bony Fish and are the largest order of vertebrates. The listing follows FishBase[2] with notes when this differs from Nelson[3] and ITIS. FishBase is a comprehensive Database of information about Fish. Integrated Taxonomic Information System ( ITIS) is a partnership designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the Taxonomy of biological Species [4]

Notes

  1. ^ G. Bass (ˈbæs is a name shared by many different species of popular Gamefish. Cichlids (ˈsɪklɪd are Fish from the family Cichlidae in the order Perciformes. gobies form the family Gobiidae, which is one of the largest families of Fish, with more than 2000 Species in more than 200 Genera The gouramis or gouramies are a family, Osphronemidae, of freshwater Perciform Fishes The fish are native to Mackerel is a common name applied to a number of different species of Fish, mostly but not exclusively from the family Scombridae. Perca is the genus of fish referred to as perch or sometimes yellow perch, a group of freshwater Fish belonging to the family Percidae The scats are a small family Scatophagidae, of fishes in the order Perciformes. The wrasses are a family, Labridae, of marine Fish, many of which are brightly colored D. Johnson and E. O. Wiley (March 2007). Tree of Life: Percomorpha.
  2. ^ R. Froese and D. Pauly (editors) (February 2006). FishBase.
  3. ^ Nelson, Joseph, S. (2006). Fishes of the World. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. . ISBN 0471250317.  
  4. ^ Actinopterygii (TSN 161061). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Integrated Taxonomic Information System ( ITIS) is a partnership designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the Taxonomy of biological Species Retrieved on 3 April 2006. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  5. ^ In Nelson, Polypteriformes is placed in its own subclass Cladistia. The bichirs are a family Polypteridae, of archaic-looking ray-finned fishes, the sole family in the order Polypteriformes.
  6. ^ In ITIS, Gobiesociformes is placed as the suborder Gobiesocoidei of the order Perciformes. Clingfishes are Fishes of the family Gobiesocidae. Most species are marine being found in shallow waters of the Atlantic, Pacific and The Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, include about 40% of all bony Fish and are the largest order of vertebrates.
  7. ^ In Nelson and ITIS, Syngnathiformes is placed as the suborder Syngnathoidei of the order Gasterosteiformes. Syngnathiformes is an order of Ray-finned fishes that includes the Pipefishes and Seahorses These fishes have elongate narrow bodies Gasterosteiformes is an order of Ray-finned fishes that includes the Sticklebacks and relatives
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