89 radium ← actinium → thorium La ↑ Ac ↓ Ute Periodic Table - Extended Periodic Table
General
Name, Symbol, Number	actinium, Ac, 89
Chemical series	actinides
Group, Period, Block	3, 7, f
Appearance	silvery
Standard atomic weight	(227)  g·mol−1
Electron configuration	[Rn] 6d1 7s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	10  g·cm−3
Melting point	(circa) 1323 K (1050 °C, 1922 °F)
Boiling point	3471 K (3198 °C, 5788 °F)
Heat of fusion	14  kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	400  kJ·mol−1
Specific heat capacity	(25 °C) 27. Radium (ˈreɪdiəm is a radioactive Chemical element which has the symbol Ra and Atomic number 88 Thorium (ˈθɔːriəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Th and Atomic number 90 Lanthanum (ˈlænθənəm is a Chemical element with the symbol La and Atomic number 57 |-||-| Untriennium (ʌntraɪˈɛniəm also called Eka-[[actinium]] or Dvi-[[lanthanum]] This is a typical display of the periodic table of the elements and contains the symbol and Atomic number of each element Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Chemical elements, sorted by name Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of chemical elements by symbol, including the A table of Chemical elements ordered by Atomic number and color coded according to type of element In Chemistry a group, also known as a family, is a vertical column in the Periodic table of the Chemical elements There are 18 groups in History of the actinoid series From the earlier known chemical properties of actinium (89 up to uranium (92 indicating a relation to the Transition metals it was generally In Chemistry a group, also known as a family, is a vertical column in the Periodic table of the Chemical elements There are 18 groups in In the Periodic table of the elements, a period is a horizontal row of the table A block of the Periodic table of elements is a set of adjacent groups The respective highest-energy electrons in each element in a block belong to the same Atomic Occurrence Scandium yttrium and the Lanthanides (except promethium tend to occur together in the Earth's crust and are relatively abundant compared with most D-block A period 7 element is one of the Chemical elements in the seventh row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. The f-block of the Periodic table of the elements consists of those elements (sometimes referred to as the inner transition elements) for which in the The atomic mass (ma is the Mass of an atom most often expressed in unified atomic mass units The atomic mass may be considered to be the total mass To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following list describes various Mass levels between 10&minus36&thinsp kg and 1053&thinspkg In Atomic physics and Quantum chemistry, electron configuration is the arrangement of Electrons in an Atom, Molecule, or other Radon (ˈreɪdɒn is the Chemical element that has the symbol Rn and Atomic number 86 The electron is a fundamental Subatomic particle that was identified and assigned the negative charge in 1897 by J An electron shell may be crudely thought of as an Orbit followed by Electrons around an Atom nucleus. In the Physical sciences a phase is a Set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties A solid' object is in the States of matter characterized by resistance to Deformation and changes of Volume. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different Room temperature (also referred to as ambient temperature) is a common term to denote a certain Temperature within enclosed space at which humans are accustomed The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 The standard Enthalpy of fusion (symbol \Delta{}H_{fus} also known as the heat of fusion or specific melting heat, is the amount of The joule per mole (symbol J·mol-1 is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material The enthalpy of vaporization, (symbol \Delta{}_{v}H also known as the heat of vaporization or heat of evaporation, is the Energy required The joule per mole (symbol J·mol-1 is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material Specific heat capacity, also known simply as specific heat, is the measure of the heat energy required to increase the Temperature of a unit quantity 2  J·mol−1·K−1
Atomic properties
Crystal structure	cubic face centered
Oxidation states	3 (neutral oxide)
Electronegativity	1. In Mineralogy and Crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of Atoms in a Crystal. In Chemistry, the oxidation state is an indicator of the degree of Oxidation of an Atom in a Chemical compound. " Electronegativity " is the opposite of " Electropositivity," which describes an element's ability to donate electrons 1 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies	1st: 499 kJ/mol
	2nd: 1170 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	195  pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering	no data
Thermal conductivity	(300 K) 12  W·m−1·K−1
CAS registry number	7440-34-8
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of actinium iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 225Ac syn 10 days α 5. The ionization potential, ionization energy or EI of an Atom or Molecule is the Energy required to remove an Electron The joule per mole (symbol J·mol-1 is an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material Atomic radius, and more generally the size of an atom, is not a precisely defined Physical quantity, nor is it constant in all circumstances A picometre ( American spelling: picometer, symbol pm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one trillionth In Physics, magnetism is one of the Phenomena by which Materials exert attractive or repulsive Forces on other Materials. In Physics, thermal conductivity, k is the property of a material that indicates its ability to conduct Heat. CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to Actinium ( Ac) has no stable isotopes A standard atomic mass cannot be given Isotopes (Greek isos = "equal" tópos = "site place" are any of the different types of atoms ( Nuclides In Chemistry, natural abundance (NA refers to the abundance Isotopes of a Chemical element as naturally found on a planet Half-Life (computer-game page here It's already listed in the disambiguation page Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable Atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting ionizing particles and Radiation. The decay energy is the Energy released by a Nuclear decay. The energy difference of the Reactants is often written as Q: where Q In Nuclear physics, a decay product, also known as a daughter product, daughter isotope or daughter nuclide, is a Nuclide A synthetic radioisotope is a Radionuclide that is not found in nature no natural process or mechanism exists which produces it or it is so unstable that it decays away in Seconds Years See also Natural history Geologic Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an Atomic nucleus emits an Alpha particle (two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle 935 221Fr 226Ac syn 29.37 hours β- 1. Francium (ˈfrænsiəm formerly known as eka-caesium and actinium K, is a Chemical element that has the symbol Fr and A synthetic radioisotope is a Radionuclide that is not found in nature no natural process or mechanism exists which produces it or it is so unstable that it decays away in Seconds Years See also Natural history Geologic In Nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of Radioactive decay in which a Beta particle (an Electron or a Positron) is emitted 117 226Th ε 0. Thorium (ˈθɔːriəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Th and Atomic number 90 Electron capture (sometimes called inverse beta decay) is a Decay mode for Isotopes that will occur when there are too many Protons in the 640 226Ra α 5. Radium (ˈreɪdiəm is a radioactive Chemical element which has the symbol Ra and Atomic number 88 Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an Atomic nucleus emits an Alpha particle (two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle 536 222Fr 227Ac 100% 21.773 years β- 0. Francium (ˈfrænsiəm formerly known as eka-caesium and actinium K, is a Chemical element that has the symbol Fr and Seconds Years See also Natural history Geologic In Nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of Radioactive decay in which a Beta particle (an Electron or a Positron) is emitted 045 227Th α 5. Thorium (ˈθɔːriəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Th and Atomic number 90 Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an Atomic nucleus emits an Alpha particle (two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle 042 223Fr
References

Actinium (pronounced /ækˈtɪniəm/) is a chemical element with the symbol Ac and atomic number 89. Francium (ˈfrænsiəm formerly known as eka-caesium and actinium K, is a Chemical element that has the symbol Fr and Recommended values for many properties of the elements together with various references are collected on these data pages A chemical element is a type of Atom that is distinguished by its Atomic number; that is by the number of Protons in its nucleus. See also List of elements by atomic number In Chemistry and Physics, the atomic number (also known as the proton

Contents 1 Notable characteristics 2 Applications 3 History 4 Occurrence 5 Isotopes 6 Precautions 7 Fictional Applications 8 See also 9 References 10 External links

Notable characteristics

Actinium is a silvery, radioactive, metallic element. Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable Atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting ionizing particles and Radiation. Due to its intense radioactivity, actinium glows in the dark with a pale blue light. The chemical behavior of actinium is similar to that of the rare earth lanthanum. Lanthanum (ˈlænθənəm is a Chemical element with the symbol La and Atomic number 57

Actinium is found only in traces in uranium ores as ²²⁷Ac, an α and β emitter with a half-life of 21. Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an Atomic nucleus emits an Alpha particle (two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle Beta particles are high-energy high-speed Electrons or Positrons emitted by certain types of Radioactive nuclei such as Potassium -40 Half-Life (computer-game page here It's already listed in the disambiguation page 773 years. One ton of uranium ore contains about a tenth of a gram of actinium. Uranium (jʊˈreɪniəm is a silvery-gray Metallic Chemical element in the ²³⁵U (or ²³⁹Pu) is the parent isotope of the actinium series decay chain which ends with the stable isotope ²⁰⁷Pb. Uranium-235 is an isotope of uranium that differs from the element's other common isotope Uranium-238, by its ability to cause a rapidly expanding fission Plutonium-239 is an Isotope of Plutonium. Plutonium-239 is the primary Fissile isotope used for the production of Nuclear weapons although In Nuclear science, the decay chain refers to the Radioactive decay of different discrete radioactive decay products as a chained series of transformations In Nuclear science, the decay chain refers to the Radioactive decay of different discrete radioactive decay products as a chained series of transformations Lead ( Pb) has four stable Isotopes - 204Pb 206Pb 207Pb 208Pb and one common Radiogenic isotope

Applications

It is about 150 times as radioactive as radium, making it valuable as a neutron source. Neutron source is a general term referring to a variety devices that emit Neutrons, irrespective of the mechanism used to produce the neutrons Otherwise it has no significant industrial applications.

²²⁵Ac is used in medicine to produce ²¹³Bi in a reusable generator or can be used alone as an agent for radio-immunotherapy for Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT). Bismuth (ˈbɪzməθ is a Chemical element that has the symbol Bi and Atomic number 83 ²²⁵Ac was first produced artificially by the ITU in Germany using a cyclotron and by Dr Graeme Melville at St George Hospital in Sydney using a linac in 2000. The St George Hospital and Community Health Service is part of the South Eastern Sydney and Illawarra Area Health Service and is located in Kogarah, a southern

History

Actinium was discovered in 1899 by André-Louis Debierne, a French chemist, who separated it from pitchblende as a substance being similar to titanium (1899)^[1] or similar to thorium (1890)^[2]. Year 1899 ( MDCCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common André-Louis Debierne (Paris July 14, 1874 - August 31, 1949, Paris was a French Chemist and the discoverer of the element Titanium (taɪˈteɪniəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Ti and Atomic number 22 Thorium (ˈθɔːriəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Th and Atomic number 90 Friedrich Oskar Giesel independently discovered actinium in 1902^[3] as a substance being similar to lanthanum and called it "emanium" in 1904^[4]. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Lanthanum (ˈlænθənəm is a Chemical element with the symbol La and Atomic number 57 After a comparison of substances in 1904, Debierne's name was retained because it had seniority. ^[5][6]

The history of the discovery stayed questionable and in publications from 1971^[7] and later in 2000^[8] showed that the claims of André-Louis Debierne in 1904 conflict with the publications in 1899 and 1890. André-Louis Debierne (Paris July 14, 1874 - August 31, 1949, Paris was a French Chemist and the discoverer of the element

The word actinium comes from the Greek aktis, aktinos, meaning beam or ray.

Occurrence

Actinium is found in trace amounts in uranium ore, but more commonly is made in milligram amounts by the neutron irradiation of ²²⁶Ra in a nuclear reactor. Radium (ˈreɪdiəm is a radioactive Chemical element which has the symbol Ra and Atomic number 88 Actinium metal has been prepared by the reduction of actinium fluoride with lithium vapor at about 1100 to 1300°C.

Isotopes

Main article: isotopes of actinium

Naturally occurring actinium is composed of 1 radioactive isotope; ²²⁷Ac. Actinium ( Ac) has no stable isotopes A standard atomic mass cannot be given Isotopes (Greek isos = "equal" tópos = "site place" are any of the different types of atoms ( Nuclides 36 radioisotopes have been characterized with the most stable being ²²⁷Ac with a half-life of 21. A radionuclide is an Atom with an unstable nucleus, which is a nucleus characterized by excess energy which is available to be imparted either to a newly-created Half-Life (computer-game page here It's already listed in the disambiguation page 772 y, ²²⁵Ac with a half-life of 10. A year (from Old English gēr) is the time between two recurrences of an event related to the Orbit of the Earth around the Sun 0 days, and ²²⁶Ac with a half-life of 29. A day (symbol d is a unit of Time equivalent to 24 Hours and the duration of a single Rotation of planet Earth with respect to the 37 h. The hour (symbol h) is a unit of Time. It is not an SI unit but is accepted for use with the SI All of the remaining radioactive isotopes have half-lifes that are less than 10 hours and the majority of these have half lifes that are less than 1 minute. Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable Atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting ionizing particles and Radiation. The shortest-lived isotope of actinium is ²¹⁷Ac which decays through alpha decay and electron capture. Alpha decay is a type of radioactive decay in which an Atomic nucleus emits an Alpha particle (two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle Electron capture (sometimes called inverse beta decay) is a Decay mode for Isotopes that will occur when there are too many Protons in the It has a half-life of 69 ns. The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units Actinium also has 2 meta states. A nuclear isomer is a Metastable state of an Atomic nucleus caused by the excitation of one or more of its Nucleons A nuclear isomer occupies

Purified ²²⁷Ac comes into equilibrium with its decay products at the end of 185 days, and then decays according to its 21. 773-year half-life.

The isotopes of actinium range in atomic weight from 206 u (²⁰⁶Ac) to 236 u (²³⁶Ac). The atomic mass (ma is the Mass of an atom most often expressed in unified atomic mass units The atomic mass may be considered to be the total mass The unified atomic mass unit ( u) or Dalton ( Da) or sometimes universal mass unit, is an unit of Mass used to express

Precautions

²²⁷Ac is extremely radioactive, and in terms of its potential for radiation induced health effects, ²²⁷Ac is even more dangerous than plutonium. Ingesting even small amounts of ²²⁷Ac would be fatal.

Fictional Applications

Actinium compounds, along with advanced circuitry are used in a time travel device in Excalibur: Morgana's Revenge

See also

• Actinium series

References

• Los Alamos National Laboratory - Actinium

External links

• WebElements.com - Actinium
• NLM Hazardous Substances Databank – Actinium, Radioactive

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic