| Acetyl chloride | |
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| IUPAC name | Ethanoyl chloride |
| Other names | Acetyl chloride |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [75-36-5] |
| RTECS number | AO6390000 |
| SMILES | CC(=O)Cl |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | CH3COCl |
| Molar mass | 78. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances ( RTECS) is a Database of Toxicity information compiled from the open scientific literature without reference A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 5 g/mol |
| Appearance | colorless liquid |
| Density | 1. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 11 g/ml, liquid |
| Melting point |
−112 °C |
| Boiling point |
51 °C |
| Solubility in water | Reacts |
| Structure | |
| Dipole moment | 2. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In physics there are two kinds of dipoles ( Hellènic: di(s- = two- and pòla = pivot hinge An electric dipole is a 45 D |
| Hazards | |
| EU classification | Flammable (F) Corrosive (C) |
| R-phrases | R11, R14, R34 |
| S-phrases | (S1/2), S9, S16, S26, S45 |
| Flash point | 5 °C |
| Autoignition temperature |
390 °C |
| Explosive limits | 7. The debye (symbol D) is a non- SI, CGS unit of electrical dipole moment. Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification packaging and labelling R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest Temperature at which it can form an ignitable mixture in air The autoignition temperature or kindling point of a substance is the lowest temperature at which it will spontaneously ignite in a normal atmosphere without an external 3–19% |
| Related compounds | |
| Related acyl chlorides | Propionyl chloride Butyryl chloride |
| Related compounds | Acetic acid Acetic anhydride |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
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Acetyl chloride, also known as ethanoyl chloride, is an acid chloride (also known as an acyl chloride) derived from acetic acid (ethanoic acid). In Organic chemistry, an acyl chloride (or acid chloride) is an Organic compound which is a reactive derivative of a Carboxylic acid. Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound, giving Vinegar its sour taste Acetic anhydride is the Chemical compound with the formula (CH3CO2O In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly In Organic chemistry, an acyl chloride (or acid chloride) is an Organic compound which is a reactive derivative of a Carboxylic acid. In Organic chemistry, an acyl chloride (or acid chloride) is an Organic compound which is a reactive derivative of a Carboxylic acid. Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound, giving Vinegar its sour taste Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound, giving Vinegar its sour taste It has the formula CH3COCl and it belongs to the class of organic compounds called acyl halides. An organic compound is any member of a large class of Chemical compounds whose Molecules contain Carbon. An acyl halide (also known as an acid halide) is a Chemical compound derived from an Oxoacid by replacing a Hydroxyl group with a At room temperature and pressure, it is a clear colorless liquid. Liquid is one of the principal States of matter. A liquid is a Fluid that has the particles loose and can freely form a distinct surface at the boundaries of Acetyl chloride does not exist in nature, because contact with water would hydrolyze it into acetic acid and hydrogen chloride. Water ( H2[[oxygen O]] H OH) is the most abundant Molecule on Earth 's surface composing of about 70% of the Earth's surface as In fact, if handled in open air it gives of white smoke owing to the hydrolysis from the moisture in the air. Smoke is the collection of airborne solid and liquid Particulates and Gases ref> ''Smoke Production and Properties'' - SFPE Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering The smoke is actually gaseous hydrogen chloride which forms small droplets in the air with water vapour. This page is about the physical properties of gas as a state of matter
Contents |
Synthesis
Acetyl chloride is synthesized by the reaction of acetic acid (CH3COO-H) with thionyl chloride (O=SCl2) under liberation of sulfur dioxide (SO2). In Chemistry, chemical synthesis is purposeful execution of Chemical reactions in order to get a product, or several products Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound, giving Vinegar its sour taste Thionyl chloride (or thionyl dichloride) is an Inorganic compound with the formula S[[Oxygen O]] Cl 2
- CH3COO-H + O=SCl2 → CH3COCl + SO2 + H-Cl
Uses
It is a reagent for acetylation in the synthesis or derivatization of chemical compounds. Acetylation (or in IUPAC nomenclature ethanoylation) describes a reaction that introduces an Acetyl Functional group into an Organic compound A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. Examples of acetylation reactions include acylation processes such as esterification (see below) and the Friedel-Crafts reaction). In Chemistry, acylation (rarely but more formally alkanoylation) is the process of adding an Acyl group to a compound Esterification is the general name for a Chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid form an Ester as the reaction product The Friedel-Crafts reactions are a set of reactions developed by Charles Friedel and James Crafts in 1877.
- CH3COCl + HO-CH2-CH3 → CH3-COO-CH2-CH3 + H-Cl
Frequently such acylations are carried out in the presence of a base such as pyridine, triethylamine, or DMAP, which as catalysts help to promote the reaction and as bases neutralize the resulting HCl. Ethyl acetate ( systematically, ethyl ethanoate commonly abbreviated EtOAc or EA is the Organic compound with the formula CH3COOCH2CH3 Pyridine is a Chemical compound with the formula C5[[Hydrogen H5]] N. Triethylamine is the Chemical compound with the formula N(CH2CH33 commonly abbreviated Et 3N DMAP redirects here For the cyanide antidote see 4-Dimethylaminophenol 4-Dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP is a nucleophilic catalyst which catalyzes Catalysis is the process in which the rate of a Chemical reaction is increased by means of a Chemical substance known as a catalyst In Chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept Protons This refers to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and
Acetylation is the introduction of an acetyl group via acylation using a reactant such as acetyl chloride or acetic anhydride. In Organic chemistry, acetyl (ethanoyl is a Functional group, the Acyl of Acetic acid, with Chemical formula - C[[Oxygen In Chemistry, acylation (rarely but more formally alkanoylation) is the process of adding an Acyl group to a compound A reagent or reactant is a substance or compound consumed during a Chemical reaction. Acetic anhydride is the Chemical compound with the formula (CH3CO2O An acetyl group is an acyl group having the formula
- -C(=O)-CH3
For further information on the types of chemical reactions compounds such as acetyl chloride can undergo, see acyl halide. acyl group ( IUPAC name alkanoyl) is a Functional group derived by the removal of one or more Hydroxyl group from an Oxoacid. An acyl halide (also known as an acid halide) is a Chemical compound derived from an Oxoacid by replacing a Hydroxyl group with a
References
External links
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