In organic chemistry, acetyl (ethanoyl), is a functional group, the acyl of acetic acid, with chemical formula -COCH3. Organic chemistry is a discipline within Chemistry which involves the scientific study of the structure properties composition reactions, and preparation In Organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of Atoms within Molecules that are responsible for the characteristic Chemical reactions acyl group ( IUPAC name alkanoyl) is a Functional group derived by the removal of one or more Hydroxyl group from an Oxoacid. Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound, giving Vinegar its sour taste A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 It is sometimes abbreviated as Ac (not to be confused with the element actinium). A chemical element is a type of Atom that is distinguished by its Atomic number; that is by the number of Protons in its nucleus. Actinium (ækˈtɪniəm is a radioactive Chemical element with the symbol Ac and Atomic number 89 which was discovered in 1899, the earliest The acetyl radical contains a methyl group single-bonded to a carbonyl. In Chemistry, a methyl group is a Hydrophobic Alkyl Functional group named after Methane (4 In Organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a Functional group composed of a Carbon Atom double-bonded to an Oxygen The carbon of the carbonyl has a lone electron available, with which it forms a chemical bond to the remainder R of the molecule. Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 The electron is a fundamental Subatomic particle that was identified and assigned the negative charge in 1897 by J A chemical bond is the physical process responsible for the attractive interactions between Atoms and Molecules and which confers stability to diatomic and polyatomic
The acetyl radical is a component of many organic compounds, including the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and acetyl-CoA, and the analgesics acetaminophen and acetylsalicylic acid (better known as aspirin). An organic compound is any member of a large class of Chemical compounds whose Molecules contain Carbon. See Chemical synapse for an introduction to concepts and terminology used in this article The Chemical compound acetylcholine (often abbreviated ACh) is a Neurotransmitter in both the Peripheral nervous system (PNS and Central Acetyl-CoA is an important molecule in metabolism used in many biochemical reactions Paracetamol ( INN) (ˌpærəˈsiːtəmɒl -ˈsɛtə- or acetaminophen ( USAN) is a widely-used Analgesic and Antipyretic Medication Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA (əˌsɛtɨlsælɨˌsɪlɨk ˈæsɨd is a Salicylate drug, often used as an Analgesic to relieve
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Acetylation
The introduction of an acetyl group into a molecule is called acetylation (or ethanoylation). Acetylation (or in IUPAC nomenclature ethanoylation) describes a reaction that introduces an Acetyl Functional group into an Organic compound In biological organisms, acetyl groups are commonly transferred bound to Coenzyme A (CoA), in the form of acetyl-CoA. Coenzyme A ( CoA, CoASH, or HSCoA) is a Coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of Fatty acids Acetyl-CoA is an important intermediate both in the biological synthesis and in the breakdown of many organic molecules.
Acetyl groups are also frequently added to histones and other proteins modifying their properties. In Biology, histones are the chief Protein components of Chromatin. Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl For example, on the DNA level, histone acetylation by acetyltransferases (HATs) causes an expansion of chromatin architecture allowing for genetic transcription to take place. Acetyltransferase is a type of Transferase Enzyme which transfers an Acetyl group Transcription is the synthesis of RNA under the direction of DNA Conversely, removal of the acetyl group by histone deacetylases (HDACs) condenses DNA structure, thereby preventing transcription. Histone deacetylases (HDAC ( EC number 351 are a class of Enzymes that remove Acetyl groups from an ε-N-acetyl Lysine Amino acid [1]
Chemical acetylation can be achieved using a variety of methods, most commonly by the use of acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride in the presence of a tertiary or aromatic amine base. Acetylation (or in IUPAC nomenclature ethanoylation) describes a reaction that introduces an Acetyl Functional group into an Organic compound Acetic anhydride is the Chemical compound with the formula (CH3CO2O Acetyl chloride, also known as ethanoyl chloride, is an Acid chloride (also known as an Acyl chloride) derived from Acetic acid ( Ethanoic Amines are Organic compounds and Functional groups that contain a basic Nitrogen Atom with a Lone pair. In Chemistry, a base is most commonly thought of as an aqueous substance that can accept Protons This refers to the Brønsted-Lowry theory of acids and
Pharmacology
When acetyl groups are bound to certain other organic molecules, they impart an increased ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. The blood-brain barrier (BBB is a metabolic or cellular structure in the Central nervous system (CNS that restricts the passage of various chemical substances and microscopic This makes the drug reach the brain more quickly, making the drug's effects more intense and increasing the effectiveness of a given dose. Acetyl groups are used to make the natural anti-inflammatant salicylic acid into the more effective acetylsalicylic acid, or aspirin. Anti-inflammatory refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces Inflammation. Salicylic acid (from the Latin word for the willow tree Salix, from whose bark it can be obtained is a Beta hydroxy acid (BHA with the formula Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA (əˌsɛtɨlsælɨˌsɪlɨk ˈæsɨd is a Salicylate drug, often used as an Analgesic to relieve Aspirin, or acetylsalicylic acid (ASA (əˌsɛtɨlsælɨˌsɪlɨk ˈæsɨd is a Salicylate drug, often used as an Analgesic to relieve Similarly, they make the natural painkiller morphine into diacetylmorphine, or heroin. Medical uses Morphine can be used as an analgesic in hospital settings to relieve pain in Myocardial infarction pain in Heroin ( INN: diacetylmorphine, BAN: diamorphine) is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from Morphine, a derivative Heroin ( INN: diacetylmorphine, BAN: diamorphine) is a semi-synthetic opioid synthesized from Morphine, a derivative
References
- ^ North B, Verdin E (2004). "Sirtuins: Sir2-related NAD-dependent protein deacetylases". Genome Biol 5 (5): 224. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 15128440.
See also
The Acetoxy group, abbreviated AcO or OAc, is a chemical Functional group of the structure CH3-C(=O-O- In Organic chemistry, functional groups are specific groups of Atoms within Molecules that are responsible for the characteristic Chemical reactions In histone acetylation and deacetylation, the Histones are Acetylated and deacetylated on Lysine residues in the N-terminal tail and on the surface of theDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic